Side 1
Third oldest county in Alabama.
Created in 1809 while still part
of Mississippi Territory.
Named for Abraham Baldwin (1754-1807)
founder of University of Georgia,
delegate to Constitutional Convention, . . . — — Map (db m100839) HM
This Shell Banks Baptist Church rests near the location of the first Indian village in America visited by a white man. This was the Indian village of “Achuse” visited by Admiral Maldonado who was one of De Sotos officers. He scouted . . . — — Map (db m66295) HM
Old tales have it that early explorers and even pirate vessels obtained potable water from springs scattered throughout the community of Magnolia Springs. This park is located at the largest of dozens of springs in the area.
In 1865 The . . . — — Map (db m68486) HM
The earliest outline of a recognizable bay on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico was shown on a 1507 map by German cartographer Martin Waldeseemuller–the same map to first apply the name "America" to the New World.
Alonso Αlvarez de . . . — — Map (db m100841) HM
A trail used in early times by Indians, Spanish Explorers, French Settlers and later by soldiers during the battle of Spanish Fort 1865. At one time a stream driven train paralleled this trace. Its ancient road bed can still be seen south of this . . . — — Map (db m100877) HM
Rendezvous for Indians, Spanish, French and English Explorers. In 1865, Three Confederate Brigades, outnumbered 10 to 1, engaged the Army of West Mississippi (Union Forces) in the last battle of the War Between the States. March 26~April 9, 1865. — — Map (db m100844) HM
Front
William Bartram, America's first great naturalist, passed through northwest Butler County in July 1775. He described the "limestone rocks" and "banks of various kinds of sea shells" left by oceans that covered this area millions of . . . — — Map (db m120937) HM
The arrival of European explorers and colonists in North
America disrupted the Mississippian world in ways that
researchers are still working to understand. Spanish
explorer Hernando de Soto arrived in the interior in AD
1540. He traveled . . . — — Map (db m144973) HM
This general area is believed to be the site of the Indian village of Costa visited by DeSoto July 2, 1540. The very old cedar trees may have been here at that time. They are some of the largest in the Southeast. These cedars are among the . . . — — Map (db m114988) HM
On January 2, 1944, the State of Alabama granted Hunt Oil Company a permit to drill the A.R. Jackson Well No. 1 at this location near Gilbertown. Hunt Oil Company was owned by the famous oil man, H.L. Hunt of Dallas, Texas. Drilling commenced on . . . — — Map (db m80351) HM
The forests near Cheaha have been inhabited for thousands of years. Trade
routes brought other native and non-native people to the area searching for
ore, gemstones, venison, hides, furs, honey, beeswax, hickory nut oil, and
other medicinal and . . . — — Map (db m175335) HM
The De Soto Trail
Hernando De Soto in Alabama
Hernando de Soto brought his 700-man army to Alabama in the fall of 1540. This was the first major European expedition to the interior of the southeastern United States. The De Soto . . . — — Map (db m114373) HM
Just downstream from Wilson Dam lies a series of trails maintained by the Tennessee Valley Authority. Starting at the Visitor Center, explore the trails as they meander along the riverbank and through the forest
1.Wilson Dam Visitor Center . . . — — Map (db m106186) HM
Waist-high grasses billowing in the
wind. Rolling prairie expanses. Most
people connect these images with the Midwest's Great Plains. But for
thousands of years, tallgrass
soils of Alabama's Black Belt. Along
prairie—25 miles across . . . — — Map (db m112692) HM
Alabama in the fall of 1540. This was the first major European expedition to the interior of the southeastern United States. The De Soto expedition had landed at Tampa Bay, Florida, in the spring of 1539-47 years after Columbus discovered . . . — — Map (db m213362) HM
1492 - Columbus visits Caribbean islands
1519 - Pineda visits Mobile area
1528 - Narvαez reaches Mobile area
1540 - De Soto explores Alabama
1559 - De Luna retraces De Soto's route in Alabama
1702 - French establish first . . . — — Map (db m213363) HM
William Bartram, Americas first native born artist-naturalist, passed through Elmore County during the Revolutionary era, making the first scientific notations of its flora, fauna and inhabitants. In 1776 the appointed botanist of Britains King . . . — — Map (db m69431) HM
William Bartram, the first native-born American artist-naturalist, of Philadelphia, visited this site on Christmas Day, 1776.
This arboretum commerates (sic) the man, his visit to Fort Toulouse, and his travels through the southeastern . . . — — Map (db m83726) HM
We do not know the exact date that residents of the community of which Omussee Creek Mound was a part abandoned the mound, but by around 1550 it was definitely in decline. Many believe this may have been part of a broader, regional depopulation due . . . — — Map (db m115034) HM
On October 27, 1795, the United States concluded the Treaty of San Lorenzo with Spain, establishing 31 north latitude as the boundary between its southern territory and West Florida. Despite Spanish delays, commissions representing the two . . . — — Map (db m73359) HM
As an accomplished scientist, Jesse C. James did groundbreaking studies of Venus, Mars, and the Sun; and he managed the Harvard Astronomy Station in Texas. He garnered 12 patents and authored 22 papers in scientific journals.
Inducted 2019
City . . . — — Map (db m219180) HM
Northern Boundary of:
British W. Florida 1764-83
Spanish W. Florida 1783-95
Mississippi Territory: 1798-1804
Washington County 1800-12
Clarke County 1812-15
Southern Boundary of:
British Illinois 1764-83
United States . . . — — Map (db m73532) HM
The Highway Route
The Highway Route of the De Soto Trail is intended to follow the actual trail as closely as major highways permit.
These highways are U.S. 278 from the Georgia line to Piedmont, Ala; Ala. 21 to Winterboro; Ala. 76 to . . . — — Map (db m85384) HM
William Bartram, America's first native born artist - naturalist, passed through Macon County during the Revolutionary era, making the first scientific notations of its flora, fauna and inhabitants. As the appointed botanist of Britain's King George . . . — — Map (db m99676) HM
Neil Armstrong, Apollo 11 commander, spoke his famous words as he stepped onto the surface of the Moon.
On July 20, 1969, President John F. Kennedy's mandate that America go to the Moon was fulfilled - Apollo 11's lunar module Eagle . . . — — Map (db m85465) HM
Commander Gene Cernan spoke these words as the last man to walk on the Moon.
Apollo 17 was the final Apollo mission and the crowning achievement of the entire Apollo program. The mission set numerous Apollo program records: the longest mission, . . . — — Map (db m85489) HM
Command module pilot Richard Gordon assured Pete Conrad, lunar module commander, that his landing was right on target.
Apollo 12 stands out as the first of the Moon flights to achieve a pinpoint landing. Despite a rocky start caused by . . . — — Map (db m85492) HM
The tank exhibited at the U. S. Space & Rocket Center is real. It was delivered to NASA in 1977 it was the first ever built for the shuttle program. The tank was used in the Space Shuttle Main Engine test program at NASAs Stennis Space Center in . . . — — Map (db m98216) HM
Commander Jim Lovell's words initiated heroic efforts by crew and mission control to salvage a crippled spacecraft and return Apollo 13 safely to Earth.
The Apollo 13 mission is the only Apollo flight remembered primarily for the effort to . . . — — Map (db m85543) HM
" We had to fly once more before we take the big step "
Apollo spacecraft program manager, George Low, explained why landing on the Moon would have to wait a little longer.
Apollo missions 9 and 10 served as vital dress rehearsals. Their . . . — — Map (db m85544) HM
Able, an American-born rhesus monkey, and Baker, a South American squirrel monkey, where launched on May 28, 1959, aboard an Army Jupiter missile. Launched in the nose cone, the two animals were carried to a 300-mile altitude, and both were . . . — — Map (db m98202) HM
Used during the Apollo Lunar Landing Program of the 1960's and 1970's, the Saturn V rocket remains the largest, most powerful rocket ever built.
This full scale mock up was completed in July 1999 to serve as the focal point for the 30th . . . — — Map (db m85601) HM
" A Merry Christmas and God bless all of you All of you On the good Earth."
With these good wishes, the crew of Apollo 8 signed off their Christmas Eve telecast from orbit around the Moon.
These successful flights came only months . . . — — Map (db m85602) HM
Lunar module pilot Jim Irwin described his ride in the first lunar rover.
The Apollo 15 mission is best remembered for introducing the electric Lunar Roving Vehicle, better known as the rover (which was developed at Huntsville's Marshall Space . . . — — Map (db m85603) HM
Alan Shepard's first words on the Moon - ten years after he made history as the first American in space.
Less than a year after the "successful failure" of Apollo 13, the mission of Apollo 14 accomplished much of what its predecessor had hoped . . . — — Map (db m85605) HM
The Juno II was a modified Jupiter rocket with upper stages and payload sections. Its single engine-just like the Jupiter's-could be gimbaled during launch for steering control. Juno II played an important role in the history of space flight. In . . . — — Map (db m98218) HM
Lunar module pilot, Charlie Duke, exclaimed.
The Apollo 16 astronauts may have qualified for the Guinness Book of World Records for pushing their lunar rover to eleven miles per hour - but that was not their most serious accomplishment. . . . — — Map (db m69754) HM
Marks 1st Southern Boundary of the United States and the Mississippi Territory created in 1798
-----900 feet East-----
Stone marked 31° North Latitude separating the U.S. & Spanish Florida.
This line of demarcation ran from the . . . — — Map (db m104073) HM
The first and only replica of the Crown & Scepter of Queen Isabella and casks of earth from her place of birth, Madrical, Old Castile, and her place of interment, the Basilica at Granada, reside here, gifts from her beloved Granada. The originals . . . — — Map (db m154246) HM
Adventurer Soldier Dreamer. The first to bring the influence of Spain, its laws, its culture to Alabama. This is an original concept in stone of DeSoto. Vicinte Rodilla Zanσn of Valencia Sculptor 1967 — — Map (db m154241) HM
“Columbus, I lent you my jewels so you could buy your ships: the only ornaments I have are the violets from the hills.” This statue, a gift from the Spanish Cultural Institute, stood in the Spanish Pavilion at the New York Worlds Fair. . . . — — Map (db m154242) HM
Spain came first to our shores in 1519, and her maps gave first to the world knowledge of our lands — Piρeda, De Soto, and then Gαlvez. Returning in 1780, she conquered, and wise and benign, ruled for thirty-three years this city, whose . . . — — Map (db m149975) HM
A la gloire de
Pierre Le Moyne D'Iberville,
le heros dela baie d'Hudson,
de Terre-Neuve et de Nevis,
qui fonda en 1702
Mobile
premiere ville de la Louisiane Franηaise.
————
Ne a Montrιal en . . . — — Map (db m86490) HM
Spanish conquistador who in the summer of 1559 led a large fleet to the northern Gulf Coast in the earliest grand attempt to colonize the area for Spain. He sailed into Mobile Bay in August 1559 with 11 ships, more than 500 soldiers, 1000 men, . . . — — Map (db m136742) HM
Twelve miles above Montgomery the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers unite to form the Alabama which meanders over four hundred miles on its way to Mobile Bay. This river has played major role in region's history, being a thoroughfare for Native Americans, . . . — — Map (db m26591) HM
1540 expedition of Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto was first to penetrate Alabama interior. After advancing down Coosa Valley these adventurers camped nearby at Towasa (TO THE WEST) and then followed river on its southern course. In 1702. French . . . — — Map (db m224812) HM
Here on May 24, 1703, Alabama Indians ambushed the first French explorers from Mobile, killing three and wounding two critically. The Indians were armed and were used as pawns by British agents from Carolina in the European struggle for dominion . . . — — Map (db m67999) HM
Named in honor of George Noonan Downer, Sr. who rendered exemplary community service for more than 50 years. Gov. John Patterson was dedicatory speaker on Nov. 7, 1961. Mr. Downer was born at Cooksville, Miss., July 31, 1888. Served 30 years as . . . — — Map (db m92648) HM
Archaeology is the scientific study of the past through analysis of physical traces of daily life discovered through excavation. It enables us to extend our knowledge of human history beyond the limits of written records and to learn details about . . . — — Map (db m101816) HM
The town of Coweta was actually two separate Native American settlements and dozens of affiliated outlying communities occupied at different times in what is now northeastern Russell County. "Coweta Tallahassee" (old Coweta), regarded by most . . . — — Map (db m101328) HM
Created in 1818 by territorial legislature. Named for Revolutionary hero, Gen. St. Clair. First settlers from Tennessee, Georgia – veterans of Creek Indian War, 1813-14.
Pell City established as industrial town in 1890 by George H. Pell of . . . — — Map (db m49666) HM
Northern Boundary of:
British W. Florida 1764-83
Spanish W. Florida 1783-95
Mississippi Territory: 1798-1804
Washington County 1800-12
Clarke County 1812-15
Southern Boundary of:
British Illinois 1764-83
United States . . . — — Map (db m89725) HM
Important Indian town for over 250 years and capital of Coosa province.
Visited by DeSoto in 1540, and later by Spanish, French, British colonial explorers and traders. Early writers tell of abundant food crops, wild and cultivated, . . . — — Map (db m57994) HM
Childersburg traces its heritage to the Coosa Indian village located in the area. DeSoto, accompanied by 600 men, began his march across North America in June 1539. Traveling from Tampa Bay, Florida, northward through what became the Southeastern . . . — — Map (db m45137) HM
1492 - Columbus visits Caribbean islands
1519 - Pineda visits Mobile area
1528 - Narvαez reaches Mobile area
1540 - De Soto explores Alabama
1559 - De Luna retraces De Sotos route in Alabama
1702 - French establish first permanent colony . . . — — Map (db m45496) HM
Created in 1800 by proclamation of
governor of Mississippi Territory.
This was first U.S. civil government
in area that was to become Alabama.
Its original boundaries:
East to west: Chattahoochee to Pearl River;
South, 31° lat. . . . — — Map (db m122343) HM
James Cook was born in Yorkshire, England, on October 27, 1728. He was apprenticed to serve on sailing ships built in Whitby, near his birthplace, to carry coal along the English coast. At age 26, he joined the Royal Navy, took part in actions . . . — — Map (db m72493) HM
1776
Two events destined to change the history of the world took place the first week of July 1776.
On the fourth day of July, the Representatives of the United States of America, in general congress assembled at Philadelphia, declared . . . — — Map (db m69767) HM
Gold discoveries brought Alaska and the Yukon to the attention of the world. A series of stampedes occurred over more than three decades. Drawn by dreams of gold, men and women from many places and all walks of life participated in an adventure that . . . — — Map (db m59836) HM
The gold deposit found in 1902 north of present-day Fairbanks proved to be the richest in Alaska. Prospector Felix Pedro and trader E.T. Barnette played key roles in the discovery and initial rush. A second strike made the following summer . . . — — Map (db m59826) HM
In 1880 a local inhabitant, Chief Kowee, revealed to prospectors Joe Juneau and Richard Harris the presence of gold in what is now named Gold Creek in Silver Bow Basin. The city of Juneau was founded there that year. The strike sparked the Juneau . . . — — Map (db m70765) HM
Tlingit people established ties to this place long ago and those ties, though altered, remain.
The Land and the Tlingit
The ocean and the forest met the Tlingit peoples' needs as they moved from summer fish camps to autumn hunting grounds . . . — — Map (db m181331) HM
Skagway was originally spelled S-K-A-G-U-A, a Tlingit Indian word for windy place. The first people in the area were Tlingits from the Chilkoot and Chilkat villages in the Haines-Klukwan area. From a fish camp in nearby Dyea, they used the . . . — — Map (db m69128) HM
In November of 1776 a party of Spanish explorers and Indian guides passed through this area on their way to the Zuni Mission in what is now New Mexico. Franciscan Fathers, Francisco Atanasio Dominquez and Silvestre Velez De Escalante, had embarked . . . — — Map (db m36577) HM
.......On this site in the year of 1877, Sgt. Jack Dunn,
with a detail of the Tenth U.S. Cavalry pursuing renegade Apaches, discovered rich out croppings of copper & silver ore. The discovery led to the staking of the first mining claim & the . . . — — Map (db m48561) HM
In March 1854, Lt. John Parke of the Topographical Engineer Corps led a survey party in search of an all-weather route for the transcontinental railroad. After a march of 55 waterless miles through Sulphur Springs Valley, the party entered Apache . . . — — Map (db m100812) HM
Spanish:
En el aρo 1539, recordando aϊn el anuncio de la conquista del imperio inca que occurriσ en 1533, el virrey Antonio de Mendoza receloso pero con te a la vez, enviσ a un sacerdote para comprobar los rumres [rumores] sobre ricas . . . — — Map (db m28255) HM
In 1857 Congress authorized Navy Lieutenant Edward F. Beale to survey a wagon road along the 35th parallel from Fort Defiance, New Mexico Territory, to the Colorado River. A secondary mission was to test the feasibility of using camels in the . . . — — Map (db m33348) HM
Another life-long employee of Lowell Observatory, Henry is best remembered for his Proper Motion Study of 1971, which entailed repeating the Pluto search plates after 25 years to determine whatever changes had taken place in the background of . . . — — Map (db m149456) HM
Lowell Observatory has been designated a Registered National Historic Landmark Under the provisions of the Historic Sites Act of August 21, 1935 this site possesses exceptional value in commemorating or illustrating the History of The . . . — — Map (db m149455) HM
A gift to the Observatory from President A. Lawrence Lowell through this instrument the ninth planet Pluto was first found in 1930 ”It means a planet out there as yet unseen by Man, but certain sometime to be detected and added to the . . . — — Map (db m149454) HM
A worn and hungry band of Spanish explorers made camp at Johnson Wash, six miles to the east, on October 21, 1776. Fathers Dominguez and Escalante called it Santa Barbara. They found no water for horses or the men who were subsisting on meager . . . — — Map (db m94920) HM
Each year thousands of hikers enter Grand Canyon on the Bright Angel Trail. They follow a tradition - and a trail route - established by prehistoric people. For centuries humans have used this route for two key reasons: water and access. Water . . . — — Map (db m39563) HM
The first Chief Topographic Engineer of the U.S. Geological Survey 1919-1929 and the first President of the American Society of Photogrammetry 1934 He headed a Geological Survey expedition through the Grand Canyon in 1923 to acquire information . . . — — Map (db m157000) HM
This monument honors Major John Wesley Powell, the leader of the first documented expedition through Grand Canyon. Imagine entering the depths of Grand Canyon down a roaring, not-yet-charted river, not knowing whether you will emerge. Because . . . — — Map (db m108883) HM
The Kolb Brothers: daring, persistent, Grand Canyon legends. Their studio stands before you.
Ellsworth Kolb arrived here in 1901, Emery in 1902. First located in a tent, their photo business grew with Grand Canyon tourism. They eventually . . . — — Map (db m39549) HM
In 1890 prospector Pete Berry staked the Last Chance copper claim 3,000 feet below you on Horseshoe Mesa. The Last Chance Mine began a 17-year flurry of activity here at Grandview Point.
For a while the Last Chance Mine thrived. The ore was . . . — — Map (db m39662) HM
”the Grand Canyon of the Colorado will give the best geological section on the continent.” —John Wesley Powell, 1868 The “geological section” described by John Wesley Powell is a vertical cross . . . — — Map (db m156995) HM
Near here in late summer of 1540, soldiers from the Spanish expedition of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado became the first Europeans to see Grand Canyon.
After journeying for six months, Coronado's army arrived at the Hopi mesas, east of Grand . . . — — Map (db m125895) HM
Text from: Historical Markers with The Arizona Department of Transportation right of way. Prepared by: Roadside Development Section April 1, 1997
Fatigued by a thirty mile ride, the padres picked their way down the rocky north slope . . . — — Map (db m39917) HM
In desperate search for a crossing of the Colorado River before the wild storms of winter might further weaken their starving bodies, Fathers Dominguez and Escalante led their expedition past this point on October 26, 1776.
Five days were spent . . . — — Map (db m94896) HM
Within sight of this place the Franciscan priests Dominguez and Escalante and their ten companions experienced two of the most difficult challenges among many along the 1,800 miles of their epic journey from the Spanish presidio at Santa Fe, New . . . — — Map (db m40324) HM
A slightly larger, but reasonable replica of the 16 ft. pine rowboat in which Major John Wesley Powell first explored the canyons of the Colorado River in 1869. This craft was constructed by Walt Disney Productions and used in the river running . . . — — Map (db m40323) HM
Major John Wesley Powell 1834-1902 Explorer of the Colorado River 1869 and 1871-72 On August 3, 1869, Powell wrote in his journal: ” we have a curious ensemble of wonderful features — carved walls, royal arches, glens, alcove . . . — — Map (db m155893) HM
They dominate the horizon, rising 12,633 feet (3851 m) to Arizona's highest point. Visible for miles from all directions, they stand guard over a land which has long sustained people in spirit and natural resources. All of the region's Native . . . — — Map (db m41664) HM
Erupting less than 1,000 years ago, Sunset Crater is the youngest in an impressive field of volcanoes all around you. The 1,000-foot-high (305m) cinder cone we see today formed when basalt magma rose directly to the surface through a primary vent. . . . — — Map (db m41665) HM
When a volcanic eruption occurred near what is now Flagstaff, Arizona, people lost homes and lands they had cultivated for at least 400 years. A major life events for locals, the eruption was also visible to large population centers across the . . . — — Map (db m61325) HM
This mountain was named for a colorful mountaineer, guide, and trapper who is generally credited with being the first American to explore northern Arizona – 1830 or earlier. Williams lived at different times among the Osage and Ute Indians, . . . — — Map (db m33418) HM
"Old Bill" was born January 3, 1787 in North Carolina. He died March 24, 1849. In that 62 year life span he did a heap of living, most of it in the wilderness. In the late 1700's and early 1800's the mountain men were trappers. In the quest of fine . . . — — Map (db m205150) HM
The Route of:
Coronado in search of the Fabled Seven Cities of Cibola. 1540
————
James O. Pattie and other famous trappers along the Gila River.
1825-26
————
Gen. Stephen W. Kearny and . . . — — Map (db m48612) HM
In January of 1825, a trapper named James O. Pattie, ascended this river and with one companion in 14 days trapped 250 beavers. This was the first known penetration of Arizona by American citizens. — — Map (db m36372) HM
Jacob Waltz was born in the kingdom of Wurttemberg Germany circa 1810. He immigrated to the USA in 1839 and became a naturalized citizen in 1864. Waltz was prospecting in Arizona and is reputed to have found a gold deposit near the superstition . . . — — Map (db m74397) HM
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