Created in 1818 by an act of Alabama Territorial Legislature. Autauga Indians lived on creek from which the county takes its name. Autaugas were members of the Alibamo tribe. They sent many warriors to resist Andrew Jackson's invasion in Creek War. . . . — — Map (db m27907) HM
Just a half century prior to the founding of the town of Blakeley, an Apalachee Indian village stood on this spot. The village was founded in the early 1700s by Apalachee refugees fleeing warfare in Florida for the relative safety of French . . . — — Map (db m131851) HM
Front
Lottie has the highest elevation in Baldwin County. A ridge forms a divide where waters to the east flow into Pensacola Bay and waters to the west flow into Mobile Bay. Pine Log Creek begins in Lottie. Pine Log Ditch, used to . . . — — Map (db m122349) HM
27 July 1813 – Battle of Burnt Corn
30 August 1813 – Fort Mims Massacre
31 August 1813 – Kimbell – James Massacre
2 September 1813 – Attack at Fort Sinquefield
13 September 1813 – Wood's Bluff . . . — — Map (db m122631) HM WM
Front:
In 1813, people on the United States southwestern frontier were fearful. The Redstick faction of the Creek Indian Nation opposed growing American influence in the area and had voted for war. However, Creeks living in the Tensaw . . . — — Map (db m116678) HM
The American Revolution gave the United States its independence but the War of 1812 gave it status among the nations and established permanent peace with Great Britain.
Alabama had a significant role during the War of 1812. The Creek Indian . . . — — Map (db m122670) HM
Here in Creek Indian War 1813-14 took place most brutal massacre in American history.
Indians took fort with heavy loss, then killed all but about 36 of some 550 in the fort.
Creeks had been armed by British at Pensacola in this phase . . . — — Map (db m86293) HM
"Chief Eufaula," the man often referred to in the historical record as "Yoholo Micco," was a Creek chieftain from the Upper Creek town of Eufaula. Born in the late 1700s, he fought alongside allied Creeks with United States forces against his Red . . . — — Map (db m101427) HM
The area surrounding Eufaula was once part of a regional Creek population center. Towns of note in the region included Sawokli (also known as Sabacola) and the town of Eufaula for which the modern city is named. Trails linked these closely-connected . . . — — Map (db m101355) HM
In 1836 long-simmering tensions between Creeks and American settlers erupted into warfare. The Creeks, crowded onto the last portion of their ancestral homeland and witnessing the rampant theft of their lands, had also become subject to harsh laws . . . — — Map (db m101360) HM
Louisville is one of the oldest communities in southeastern Alabama. Locąted within territory ceded by the Creeks in the Treaty of Fort Jackson (1814) ending the Creek War, the area was first settled by Americans as early as 1817. Many of its . . . — — Map (db m111642) HM
The battles of Hobdy's Bridge and Pea River were the result of the desperate attempt of Creeks to avoid removal to the West by fleeing to Florida along trails bordering the Pea and Conecuh Rivers. The battles marked the last large-scale . . . — — Map (db m111627) HM
The Second Creek War began in May of 1836 when a portion of area Creeks, angry at their treatment in the wake of the Treaty of Cusseta and in desperate circumstances, struck out against American settlements. A series of small battles occurred . . . — — Map (db m111618) HM
Fort Browder
Approximately one mile south-southwest of here stood Fort Browder, a small wooden fortification built in 1836 for protection in the last war with the Creek Indians and named for Isham Browder, a prominent local planter. In 1861, . . . — — Map (db m188679) HM
Fort Browder
Approximately one mile south-southwest of here stood Fort Browder, a small wooden fortification built in 1836 for protection in the last war with the Creek Indians and named for Isham Browder, a prominent local planter. In 1861, . . . — — Map (db m208018) HM
1820-1889 seat of Blount County, a county older than the State.
Named for Tennessee Governor W. G. Blount who sent Andrew Jackson to aid Alabama settlers in Creek Indian War, 1812-1814.
Indian Chief Bear Meat lived here at crossing of . . . — — Map (db m156445) HM
Created Feb. 7, 1818 by Alabama Territorial Legislature from lands ceded by the Creek Indian Nation. Named for the Tennessee Governor W. G. Blount, who sent militia under Andrew Jackson to punish the Creeks for Fort Mims massacre. Jackson fought and . . . — — Map (db m24353) HM
(obverse)
The Butler Massacre
On March 20, 1818, Capt. William Butler, Capt. James Saffold, William Gardener, Daniel Shaw and John Hinson left Fort Bibb to meet Col. Sam Dale. They were attacked near Pine Barren Creek by Savannah . . . — — Map (db m83259) HM
A native of Virginia.
Pioneer settler of Butler County
for whom the county is named
Massacred by the Indians
near Butler Springs
March 18, 1818 — — Map (db m130049) HM
Greenville's oldest, established 1819. Captain William Butler, for whom the county was named, buried here. He was killed fighting Indians led by Savannah Jack in March, 1818. Greenville's oldest church, a community church established in 1822, . . . — — Map (db m70751) HM
The Federal Road and the Palings
The Federal Road was built in 1806 as a shorter route from Washington to New Orleans and the new Louisiana Territory. The road entered Alabama at Fort Mitchell, Georgia and passed through Butler County near this . . . — — Map (db m130050) HM
At this site, on Nov. 3, 1813, after the Battle of
Tallasehatchee, known then as Talluschatches,
during the Creek Indian War,
Gen. Andrew Jackson found a dead
Creek Indian woman embracing her living
infant son. Gen. Jackson, upon hearing that . . . — — Map (db m36551) HM
Gen. John Coffee, commanding 900 Tennessee Volunteers, surrounded Indians nearby; killed some 200 warriors. This was first American victory. It avenged earlier massacre of 517 at Ft. Mims by Indians. — — Map (db m27610) HM
This stone marks the site of the Tallasahatchie Battle Field. On this spot Lieut. Gen. John Coffee with Gen. Andrew Jackson's men won a victory over the Creek Indians, Nov. 3, 1813. — — Map (db m36554) HM
A Memorial to
Gen. Andrew Jackson,
the Tennessee Patriots,
the Alabama Patriots, and
pioneers who by their
courage and fortitude in
1813 - 1814, won five successful
battles in the Creek Indian
Campaign.
Side . . . — — Map (db m106593) HM
On November 12, 1813, the Canoe Fight, one of the key assaults of the Creek War, took place nearby at the mouth of Randons Creek where it flows into the Alabama River. Following the Fort Mims Massacre in August, small bands of Creek warriors . . . — — Map (db m101574) HM
Side 1
Near this spot are the graves of American Revolution soldier Elijah Pugh and his son Issac, a War of 1812 veteran. Elijah, born in Guilford Co., N.C. in 1760, was 18 when he joined a patriot band led by Col. Elijah Clarke at the . . . — — Map (db m154482) HM
Near this site, is the gravesite of Maj. Jeremiah Austill, folk hero & prominent figure in the early settlement of Clarke County. Born in 1794 in S. C., he lived, along with his parents, Capt. Evan and Sara Austill, among the Cherokee in Ga. . . . — — Map (db m101588) HM
This marks the site of pioneer stockade
commanded by Captains Sam Dale and
Evan Austill. Choctaw Chieftain
Pushmattaha often here. Expedition
terminating in noted Canoe Fight on
Alabama River immediately east of
this site, was . . . — — Map (db m101566) HM
Fort Sinquefield
Kimbell - James Massacre
Creek War 1812-13
Erected by Clarke County School Children 1931
Lest we forget Hayden and his dogs. — — Map (db m115627) HM
Sept. 1, 1813
Creek Indian War. 1813-14
Part of War of 1812. British used Pensacola as base to arm, incite Indians against U.S..
Prophet Francis led Indians in this raid on Kimbell home. They killed and scalped 12 of 14 (two survivors . . . — — Map (db m47635) HM
Here passed the Old Indian Trail used as a dividing line between the Choctaw and Creek Tribes.
General Andrew Jackson and his troops rested here for the night in 1813. — — Map (db m47633) HM
Built around the home of John Landrum
Used during the Creek War of 1813
First Clarke County Court met here in 1813
Succeeding courts were held here until 1819 — — Map (db m101584) HM
Side 1
Clay County and the
Creek Indian War of 1813-14
During the Creek Indian War of 1813-14, a subset of the War of 1812 with England, numerous figures prominent in American history marched over what would become Clay . . . — — Map (db m95100) HM
As you walk across this mountain, you will step in their
footsteps. They worked, played, laughed, cried, loved, fought,
and admired this mountain. Rock shelters near the base of the
mountain have revealed archaeological evidence of the
presence . . . — — Map (db m175321) HM
Hostile Creeks attacked Andrew Jackson, withdrawing to Ft. Strother, Jan. 24, 1814. His troops broke through lines, kept on to Ft. Strother. But Creeks boasted that they defeated 'Capt. Jack', drove him to the Coosa. — — Map (db m95076) HM
Near Bermuda was the home of Jeremiah Austill, who won fame in the canoe fight on the Alabama River during the Creek Indian War. His first wife, Sarah, died of injuries from falling off a fence during an Indian raid. — — Map (db m81280) HM
Site of Fort Warren, built in 1816 by Colonel Richard Warren, who owned considerable land in this vicinity. This facility was used as a refuge for settlers who feared for their lives in the early days of the aftermath of the Creek Indian Wars of . . . — — Map (db m47689) HM
Andrew Jackson in Seminole War
with an army of 1200 camped here
in May 1818
enroute westward from Fort Gadsden
to subdue marauding Indians
abetted by Spaniards at Pensacola.
Jackson determined to seize Pensacola . . . — — Map (db m99237) HM
Veterans Memorial Bridge - 1921 This reinforced concrete river bridge, thought to be the first in Alabama. Was erected over Pea River in 1920-21 at a cost of $92,108.97. It was dedicated on August 3, 1921 as a memorial to the 57 men from Dale . . . — — Map (db m36511) HM
Sam Dale (1772-1841) - Indian trader / wagoner Scout and trader, he explored Alabama wilderness, was called Big Sam "Tholocco" by the Indians later led settlers from Georgia to lands in Tombigbee Alabama River basins.
Gen. Sam Dale Indian . . . — — Map (db m220901) HM
(north side)
Tukabatchee
On this bend of the Tallapoosa River, stretching out before you, lay one of the ancient towns of the Muscogee Creek People, called Tukabatchee. Tukabatchee is one of the original four mother . . . — — Map (db m92945) HM
At this site stood Fort Toulouse,
later Fort Jackson, named in honor of
Gen. Andrew Jackson
who on
March 27, 1814,
defeated the Creek Indians in a
decisive battle at Horseshoe Bend.
Erected
by
Peter Forney Chapter D.A.R. . . . — — Map (db m69705) HM
Established as a supply camp by General Andrew Jackson, September 1813, on the banks of Big Wills Creek. It was here that Jackson directed the first campaign of the Creek War, and promoted Colonel John Coffee to Brigadier General and Captain Newton . . . — — Map (db m73993) HM
The lone survivor being Edmond Jones, 5 year old son of William and Hannah Humphries Jones, who later gave the land for the cemetery. — — Map (db m156398) HM
Site of the 1831 Irwin homeplace where over 50,000 acres of land was owned by Major General William Irwin (1794-1850). He was an Indian fighter, farmer, politician, statesman and considered one of the nations richest and most influential men. A . . . — — Map (db m71824) HM
Samuel Massey and his brother - in - law, Duke William Glenn, first came to this Territory in February 1814 with Lt. Col Reuben Nash's Regt. South Carolina Volunteer Militia to help defeat the Creek Indians in the War of 1812. Samuel Massey returned . . . — — Map (db m25088) HM
Established about 1850, Wear Cemetery is located off Old Springville Road to the northeast at Countryside Circle. In the 1800's the Wear family was among the first settlers of the community later known as Clay. Twenty-three remaining graves were . . . — — Map (db m25113) HM
Five Historic Indian tribes lived in this area. By 1701, The Yuchi were living at the shoals on the Tennessee River. In early 1700s the Yuchi left, some moving to the Cherokee Nation on the Hiwassee River, TN and others to Chattahoochee River, GA. . . . — — Map (db m36040) HM
Six miles North, on December 23, 1813,
General F.L. Claiborne's army defeated
the Creeks and destroyed the Holy
Ground Indian Village. One American
was killed and 33 Creeks. William
"Red Eagle" Weatherford escaped by
leaping on horseback into . . . — — Map (db m60714) HM
One of the significant battles of the Creek War of 1813-14 occurred near here on December 23, 1813. The 3rd Regiment, U.S. Infantry forces under the command of General F. L. Claiborne attacked a band of Creek Indians. Called "Holy Ground" by Creeks . . . — — Map (db m116890) HM
I am Trooper Able Freeman of the 9th Cavalry Regiment. I had been a field slave in south Alabama before and during the Civil War; but after the war, I had nowhere to go when the Union occupied the area. I wandered around living hand-to-mouth for . . . — — Map (db m85542) WM
Seminole Wars
1814-1858
I am Private Pet Younger of the 4th US Infantry Regiment. I joined the Regular Army in November 1835 at age 15. I was specially trained as part of the light infantry company whose main jobs were scouting and . . . — — Map (db m85604) WM
October, 1813, the Creek Civil War was threatening settlers in the Mississippi Territory. Governor William Blount of Tennessee called up 5,000 volunteers to protect the white population. Andre Jackson's soldiers followed a path through the Cherokee . . . — — Map (db m127603) HM
(Side A) This area's proximity to the Tennessee River and Indian trails made it a crossroads for early habitation, settlement, and trade. Archaeological studies reveal it was first inhabited about 12,000 years ago by Paleo-Indians. They . . . — — Map (db m33305) HM
The historical Burnt Corn Spring is located near this point on the Old Federal Road - the spring poured into the west branch of the creek that took its name. James Cornells had a residence at the spring before 1813. In the summer of 1813, a war . . . — — Map (db m203710) HM
Burnt Corn, Monroe County's earliest settlement, became the crossroads of the Great Pensacola Trading Path and The Federal Road. Settler Jim Cornells returned from Pensacola in 1813, finding his home destroyed and his wife kidnapped by a Creek . . . — — Map (db m47687) HM
Built by Gen. Ferdinand L. Claiborne as a base for his invasion of the Alabama country with U.S. Regulars, Lower Tombigbee Militia, and friendly Choctaws. Claibornes campaign culminated in the American victory over the Creeks at the Holy Ground. — — Map (db m47641) HM
Little River was the home of Creek Chief William Weatherford, also known as War Chief Red Eagle. This was the area of much discussion and debate, bringing the Creeks into the War of 1812 and the Creek Civil War of 1813-1814. These events weighed . . . — — Map (db m86271) HM
Resistance and War
In the 1790s and early 1800s, U.S. treaties recognized Creek
land ownership, but illegal encroachment by whites began
cycles of violence and revenge by both sides.
The Creeks disagreed on how to respond. Those who . . . — — Map (db m182573) HM
The Second Creek War of 1836 broke out when many Creek Indians resisted forced removal after an 1832 treaty ceded the last of their tribal lands in Alabama. As hostility increased between white settlers pouring into the area and Creeks who were . . . — — Map (db m111577) HM
Built during Creek War 1813 by Georgia Militia on main Indian trade route to Tombigbee River
U.S. Troops stationed here until 1837 1836 Lower Creeks corralled here for forced removal to the West — — Map (db m26069) HM
Fort Mitchell
Fort Mitchell is located on the Federal Road on the West bank overlooking the Chattahoochee River.
General John Floyd received orders from Governor David B. Mitchell to pick up supplies, cross the Chattahoochee River and . . . — — Map (db m120003) HM
United States Indian Trading Post
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, March 1814, ended the Creek Indian War. General Andrew Jackson met with Chief William Weatherford and signed the Treaty. The Creek Indians returned to their own land in the . . . — — Map (db m120004) HM
Coweta was the home of many influential Creek leaders, including three individuals who figured prominently in the history of the Creek people; "Emperor” Brims, Mary Musgrove, Chief William McIntosh.
The Coweta chieftain Brims, who . . . — — Map (db m101336) HM
During the tumultuous decades prior to the Removal of the Creeks from their ancestral homelands in the 1830s, the vicinity of the town of Coweta became an important location for interaction between the Creek Nation and the American government. . . . — — Map (db m101339) HM
Russell County occupies land that once sat at the heart of the Creek Nation. Within the county's boundaries were several important Creek towns, many of which would figure prominently in the Creek and Seminole Wars era and the saga of Removal. . . . — — Map (db m111596) HM
Russell County was one of several counties created by the Alabama legislature in December, 1832 from land that had been part of the Creeks' ancestral homeland. The community of Girard (modern Phenix City) along the Chattahoochee River became the . . . — — Map (db m111609) HM
(obverse)
Near here is the site of the plantation of John Bacon McDonald who was born February 8, 1859. He entered the United States Military Academy on June 14, 1876, after finishing the tutelage of Colonel John M. Brannon of Seale and . . . — — Map (db m69408) HM
The Second Creek War came about as a result of the frustration of local Creeks at their treatment following the signing of the Treaty of Washington (1832). That compact called for the Creeks to be given allotments of land which they could keep or . . . — — Map (db m111603) HM
Side A
Creek Indians once owned and hunted the land where the City of Chelsea now stands. In 1813, Andrew Jackson and his army won millions of acres of Creek land from the Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, including the area where . . . — — Map (db m38488) HM
Created in 1818 in first session of Alabama Territorial Legislature from lands ceded by Creek Indian Nation in Treaty of Ft. Jackson, 1814. Named for Gen. Arthur St. Clair, hero of Revolution, governor of Northwest Territory. First settlers from . . . — — Map (db m28143) HM
John Looney and son, Henry, served in General Andrew Jackson's volunteer company which built Fort Strother on Coosa River and later fought at Horseshoe Bend in 1814. Looney's family of nine moved from Maury Co. Tenn. to homestead 1817 in St. Clair . . . — — Map (db m24066) HM
Here in 1814 Tennessee Troops Joined Andrew Jackson's force which won the Creek Indian War.
After Indian removal in 1836 these veterans brought their families here, named this community for their old home in Tennessee. Fayetteville Academy . . . — — Map (db m57993) HM
Built by Andrew Jackson with U.S. Regulars, Tennessee Volunteers and friendly Cherokees and Creeks. Used as advance base during final phases of Creek Indian War, 1813-1814. Military cemetery nearby. — — Map (db m57761) HM
Here Andrew Jackson led Tennessee Volunteers and friendly Indians to victory over hostile “Red Sticks.”
This action rescued friendly Creeks besieged in Fort Leslie.
Creek Indian War 1813 - 1814. — — Map (db m28205) HM
This tablet is placed by
Tallapoosa County
in commemoration of the
one hundredth anniversary
of the
Battle Of Horseshoe Bend,
fought within its limits
on March 27, 1814.
There the Creek Indians, led by
Menawa and other chiefs, . . . — — Map (db m28751) HM
Any officer or soldiers who flies before the enemy-shall suffer death.
With these harsh words, Maj. Gen. Andrew Jackson marched his soldiers 52 miles from the Coosa River to Horseshoe Bend and a bloody contest with the Red Sticks. His . . . — — Map (db m46674) HM
Having maintained for a few minutes a very obstinate contest, muzzle to muzzle, through the port-holes, in which many of the enemy's balls were welded to the bayonets of our musquets, our troops succeeded in gaining possession of the opposite . . . — — Map (db m46676) HM
...[The Creek] had erected a breast-work, of greatest compactness and strength-from five to eight feet high, and prepared with double rows of port-holes very artfully arranged...an army could not approach it without being exposed to a double and . . . — — Map (db m46677) HM
In memory of the
Soldiers and Indian allies
who died in combat with the
Upper Creek Indians during the
Horseshoe Bend Campaign in
the Creek War of 1813-1814
In memory of the
Upper Creek Warriors
who died in combat with
United . . . — — Map (db m64594) WM
Horseshoe Bend National Military Park
The park offers activities designed to commemorate the events that occurred here on March 27, 1814. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend ended the Creek Indian War and added nearly 23 million acres of land to the . . . — — Map (db m46232) HM
[The] high ground which extended about mid-way from the breastwork to the river was in some manner open, but the declivity and flat which surrounded it was filled with fallen timber, the growth of which was very heavy, and had been so arrayed . . . — — Map (db m47498) HM
In this meadow 350 women and children, sheltered in the village of Tohopeka, listened to the sounds of battle drifting back from the barricade 1,000 yards away. Alarmed, they watched as enemy Cherokee and Lower Creek warriors crossed the river, . . . — — Map (db m47469) HM
I never had such emotions as while the long roll was beating...It was not fear, it was not anxiety or concern of the fate of those who were so soon to fall but it was a kind of enthusiasm that thrilled through every nerve and animated me with . . . — — Map (db m46675) HM
Originally the name "Creek" referred only to
Muskogee Indians living near Ochese Creek in
central Georgia. Over time the name spread to
include all Muskogee people along the rivers of
present-day Georgia and Alabama. At one time
the region held . . . — — Map (db m223985) HM
On the morning of the battle, Maj. Gen. Andrew Jacksons Indian allies surrounded the lower portion of Horseshoe Bend.
The Cherokee were positioned across the river from where you stand; the Lower Creek were farther upriver to your left.
. . . — — Map (db m47446) HM
Jackson fortified position here during Creek Indian War (1813-1814). Although repeated attacks by the Red Sticks were repulsed, Jackson withdrew with the Indians pursuing. — — Map (db m45736) HM
This is the M1841 Mountain Howitzer. It was used by the United States Army during the mid-nineteenth century from 1837 to about 1870. The cannon saw service during the Mexican-American War, the American Indian Wars, and during the American Civil . . . — — Map (db m182874) HM
Near Dragoon Springs on October 12, 1872, General O.O. Howard and Cochise, Chief of the Chiricahua Apache Indians, ratified a peace treaty ending years of warfare between that tribe and the white settlers. Cochise's stronghold was hidden deep in the . . . — — Map (db m27877) HM
There are two markers on a single kiosk
Apache Pass is a low divide separating the massive Chiricahua Mountains from the Dos Cabezas Mountains. This landscape formed a rugged corridor through which people and goods were moved. The Pass . . . — — Map (db m100810) HM
After the events on the afternoon of February 4th, Bascom ordered the command to move toward, and fortify, the stage station. According to Sergeant Daniel Robinson:
“Our wagons were placed end to end, forming a semicircle, covering . . . — — Map (db m100815) HM
This massive adobe structure was among the earliest built at the new fort. By the mid-1880s, it had a shingled and pitched roof, attractive porches, kerosene lamps, and landscaping. The kitchen was behind the barracks; the mess hall adjacent.
. . . — — Map (db m100998) HM
[Side 1: In English :]
September 4-8, 1986, Arizonans marked the return of the Chiricahua Ex-Prisoners of War and their descendants in ceremonies that completed a spiritual circle. We remembered and reflected on the clash between . . . — — Map (db m42513) HM
The fort's most elaborate structure, a two story, Victorian-style mansion, was built in 1884-1885 for about $4,000.00. An expensive home at that time! Among its thirteen rooms (originally designed as a duplex) were a drawing room, a sewing room with . . . — — Map (db m101000) HM
To your right, a spur trail follows a military road 300 yards to the first Fort Bowie ruins.
On July 28, 1862, a 100-man detachment of the 5th California Volunteer Infantry began construction of the primitive fort, completing it two weeks . . . — — Map (db m218624) HM
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