Known as Fair Road, Sixth Street from Northington Street to the big curve was called “Happy Hollow”. The road went to the Fair home place but also curved right, into Warren Circle. Here stood a small frame church where the congregation’s . . . — — Map (db m70800) HM
In 1919, Anthony Townsend donated 5 acres of land for this school. In 1913, Julius
Rosenwald, CEO of Sears & Roebuck, and Booker T. Washington established the Rosenwald School program to improve the quality of public education for African American . . . — — Map (db m158654) HM
This cemetery is one of the oldest cemeteries in Autauga County having been established as a burial ground by at least 1841. The land was officially set aside as a burial ground when the county seat was in this area from 1834 to 1868. The area . . . — — Map (db m82561) HM
A native of Prattville, Wilson Pickett was raised singing gospel in local churches. Upon moving to Detroit as a teenager, he began to blend gospel-style with rhythm and blues, resulting in some of "the deepest, funkiest soul music" to come from the . . . — — Map (db m70804) HM
Lynching in America
Between 1865 and 1950, at least 6,500 African Americans were victims
of lynch mob violence in the United States. After the Civil War, an
ongoing commitment to white supremacy led to organized resistance to
Black . . . — — Map (db m207065) HM
Greater gallantry than was shown by officers and men could hardly be desired. The (troops) were burning with an impulse to do honor to their race, and rushed forward with intense enthusiasm, in face of a terrible fire."
Brig. Gen. . . . — — Map (db m131903) HM
On April 15, 1867, Major Lewis Starke deeded these two acres to four of his ex-slaves and their heirs as trustees for this church: Nimrod Lovett, Stamford Starlin (now Sterling), Narcis Elwa, and Benjamin Franklin.
In this cemetery is buried . . . — — Map (db m100851) HM
Jenkins Farm
John Wesley Jenkins, born 1874, owned a 40 acre turpentine operation in 1915 when he married Amelia Taylor. With the decline of his turpentine resources, they began growing potatoes. At the time of John Wesley’s death in . . . — — Map (db m155369) HM
This earthen mound was part of a redoubt constructed by the 1st Division, U.S. Colored Troops in April, 1865. The regiment saw considerable action against Confederate warships protecting the Blakely River. These earthworks have been preserved as a . . . — — Map (db m100853) HM
In 1799 the first public school in Alabama was built just north of this site at Boatyard Lake in the Tensaw Community. More than 90 small schools dotted Baldwin County in the early twentieth century. This one room school was built in 1920 by African . . . — — Map (db m122669) HM
Established c 1895, Freemount Junior High School was an important black school in the Eufaula area. It was originally established within the Freemount AME Church which once stood about 300 feet south of this site. The school was later moved to this . . . — — Map (db m164938) HM
To the memory of the African slaves who lived, worked, worshipped and died here at April, 1857. These 23 were baptized members of the Pea River Presbyterian Church
Moses · Dilley · Hanner
Mary · Calvin · Sarah
Henry · Anakey · Hannah . . . — — Map (db m187391) HM
Interred on this gently sloping hillside are the remains of many of Eufaula’s early black citizens. Their names are known only to God because the wooden grave markers which located the burials have long since vanished. This burying ground was used . . . — — Map (db m27987) HM
Constructed in the 1840s and constituted in 1852, Ramah Baptist
Church is in the community formerly known as both Ramah and
Vaughn. Records show that the land for both the church and
cemetery was given by Solomon G. and Francis T. Burke in . . . — — Map (db m158553) HM
Centreville Cemetery is older than the town of Centreville itself. The earliest known burial is that of Willie Coleman, dated 1822, and Centreville was established in 1823. One half of the cemetery, known as Cooper Cemetery, contains mostly the . . . — — Map (db m156403) HM
Side 1
In 1890, Reverend C. H. Thornton donated 10 acres of land where he
organized a church and the first public school for African Americans
in the Aberfoil community. The first school structure was a one
room log cabin. Rev. . . . — — Map (db m153582) HM
The Macedonia Baptist Church, located between the communities of Midway and Mt. Coney, was constructed by freedmen after the American Civil War, replacing the brush arbors used by the area’s antebellum slaves as sites for religious worship. Four . . . — — Map (db m60947) HM
Margaret Elizabeth Merritt of Midway sold two acres for $5 to the state of Alabama in 1921 as a site for an elementary school for African-American children. Built in 1922 with matching Rosenwald funds, the Midway Colored Public School featured oak . . . — — Map (db m60910) HM
St. James Christian Methodist Episcopal Church founded by Reverend Jack McMillan, a former slave of Midway’s Daniel McMillan. Initially meeting outdoors under a brush arbor, ex-slaves and their children constructed a wood-frame church building soon . . . — — Map (db m60909) HM
In the early 1800s, settlers coming from the Carolinas and Georgia received land grants and some purchased land from the Indians. They settled and cleared the forest for new farms and plantations in what would become a newly formed State of Alabama . . . — — Map (db m83258) HM
On May 11, 2011, 40 students who were retracing the route of the original Freedom Ride, arrived in Anniston. The student Freedom Ride was part of a promotion organized by WGBH/Boston, a member of the Public Broadcasting system. The goal was to . . . — — Map (db m217423) HM
When seven injured "Freedom Riders" arrived at the Hospital on
this date, the mob that had attacked them earlier in the day
followed. The Riders were testing desegregation of public
transportation in the South by riding buses. The bus they . . . — — Map (db m106647) HM
Desegregation of the Library began when two African American
pastors, Reverends William B. McClain and Nimrod Q. Reynolds,
peacefully attempted to enter the building on September 15, 1963.
Their actions were endorsed by the city of Anniston . . . — — Map (db m106644) HM
On May 14, 1961, a Greyhound bus left Atlanta, GA carrying among its passengers seven members of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a.k.a. the “Freedom Riders,” on a journey to test interstate bus segregation. The bus was met by an angry mob . . . — — Map (db m35737) HM
Front
This was the site of the Greyhound bus terminal where on May 14, 1961, a bus carrying black and white Civil Rights Activists known as "Freedom Riders" was attacked by a mob of whites who were protesting desegregation of public . . . — — Map (db m106621) HM
The violence reached a crescendo when a flaming bundle of rags was thrown into one of the broken windows. Within seconds, the bundle exploded, sending dark gray smoke throughout the bus.
Three of the Riders found open windows, dropping to the . . . — — Map (db m217417) HM
Prelude: 12 p.m.- 12:54 p.m.
Just before this picture of the Greyhound Bus Depot at 1031 Gurnee (below left) was taken, approximately 75 men had gathered in front of it. They quickly dispersed as free-lance photographer for The Anniston Star, . . . — — Map (db m217412) HM
Pursuit: 1:25 p.m. - 1:35 p.m.
Heading to Birmingham, the battered bus turned south on Gurnee from the station and west on 10th St. while men rushed to their cars to follow. Police escorted the bus to the city limits where they turned back, . . . — — Map (db m217416) HM
Rescue
Once there, all of the injured were treated at the urging of an FBI agent on the scene. In the meantime, the crowd outside the hospital grew larger and more menacing, with some Klansmen threatening to burn the building to the ground. At . . . — — Map (db m217420) HM
Saint John, founded at the turn of the 19th century, is the first
African-American Methodist Episcopal Church in South Anniston.
The original structure was built in 1922. The current building was
erected in 1951 on the corner of D Street and . . . — — Map (db m144905) HM
Seventeenth Street Missionary Baptist Church served as the home of "mass meetings" for black Annistonians who planned and executed Anniston's part of the Civil Rights Movement. Reverends D.C. Washington (1937-1960) and Nimrod Q. Reynolds . . . — — Map (db m106651) HM
Local "Jim Crow" laws in the first half of the 20th century enforced racial segregation in public transportation facilities throughout the South. The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Boynton v. Virginia (1960) upheld that segregation in these . . . — — Map (db m106602) HM
The Ambush: 12:54 p.m. - 1:10 p.m.
The silence didn't last long. Anniston Klansman William Chappell and a screaming mob of about 50 white men surrounded the bus. An 18-year-old Klansman, Roger Couch, lay on the pavement in front of the bus to . . . — — Map (db m217413) HM
While the Riders awaited rescue, the bus continued to burn. The Anniston Fire Department extinguished the flames and administered oxygen. A state trooper called an ambulance, but it took Cowling to force the driver to carry the injured black Riders . . . — — Map (db m217419) HM
The Rides began in May 1961 when the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) decided to test a 1960 U. S. Supreme Court ruling that outlawed segregation in depot restaurants and restrooms serving interstate passengers.
Previously, CORE had organized a . . . — — Map (db m217406) HM
The Anniston City Commission, on May 16, 1963, established by resolution the Human Relations Council, consisting of five white men and four black men. The Council's purpose was to "make recommendations concerning human relations," and its members . . . — — Map (db m106627) HM
Willie Brewster became the target of white extremists after words spoken at a National States Rights Party encouraged them to commit acts of violence against blacks. As Brewster drove home with co-workers from the night shift at Union Foundry, he . . . — — Map (db m106626) HM
The most famous photograph of the Freedom Rides and one of the most iconic of the Civil Rights movement was taken by a freelance photographer for The Anniston Star. Joe Postiglione, called “Little Joe” by his friends, was tipped off by the Greyhound . . . — — Map (db m217422) HM
The Alabama Knights of the Ku Klux Klan had known about the Freedom Ride since mid-April and had detailed information on the city-by-city itinerary, thanks to FBI memos forwarded to the Birmingham Police Department. In a series of secret meetings in . . . — — Map (db m217411) HM
CORE leadership solicited applicants for the Ride from outside the organization as well as CORE veterans. They tried to achieve a reasonably balanced mixture of black and white, young and old, religious and secular. The only deliberate imbalance was . . . — — Map (db m217410) HM
1st Panel
Two busloads of Freedom Riders arrived in Alabama on Sunday, May 14, 1961, bound for New Orleans. It was an organized effort by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) to challenge the South's continued defiance of U. S. . . . — — Map (db m106721) HM
Throughout the first half of the 20th century, race relations in the South were dominated by local "Jim Crow" laws. Although in 1960 the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation violated the Interstate Commerce Act, local laws persisted. . . . — — Map (db m106605) HM
But the Ride didn't end. The national newspaper and television coverage of what had happened galvanized the Nashville Student Movement, which already had experience successfully challenging segregationist practices through lunch counter sit-ins, . . . — — Map (db m217421) HM
This district was once the economic and social hub of Anniston's African American community. In its heyday (1940-1950), the District was a "city within a city," with businesses that catered to the black community. Grocery stores, restaurants, . . . — — Map (db m106650) HM
In Atlanta, the Riders separated into two integrated groups to board two different buses; the seven who were on the Greyhound bus destined for Anniston included:
• Albert Bigelow, 55 white male from Connecticut (a retired naval officer, . . . — — Map (db m217409) HM
Front
Hobson City is Alabama's first incorporated black city. The area was first known as Mooree Quarter, a black settlement that was part of Oxford, Alabama. After a black man was elected Justice of the Peace in Oxford, one mayor . . . — — Map (db m106598) HM
The furnace was constructed by Montgomery businessman Alfred A. Janney, reportedly using slaves brought from Tennessee by a "Dr. Smith." The furnace was completed and ready to produce pig iron when, on July 14, 1864, a Union cavalry raiding force of . . . — — Map (db m25544) HM
In 1885, Five Points was named because of five roads converging at a single point. Before this, the post office was known as Lystra, operated by Postmaster W.C. Smith. The town was incorporated in 1915, making the town Chambers County's oldest . . . — — Map (db m195788) HM
World Heavyweight Champion
1937-1949
Born May 13,1914
Chamber County, Alabama
Died April 12,1981
Buried Arlington National Cemetery
Arlington, Virginia
"The Brown Bomber"
"Joe Louis is a credit to his Race… The . . . — — Map (db m197976)
Elisha and Essie Handy came to La Fayette in 1925. They were
educators and active in civic and religious activities. In 1940 their
oldest son, Ralph, died from tuberculosis and was buried in the
only cemetery in La Fayette for African-Americans . . . — — Map (db m151220) HM
Vines Funeral Home and Ambulance Service was established in 1952
and is representative of a mid-20th century rural African American
funeral home. It is the only funeral home in Alabama still operating
an ambulance service. The main building of . . . — — Map (db m151221) HM
The school was located at three different sites on Cherry Drive. Its beginning was in The Blue Hall Building adjacent to Goodsell Methodist Church. Later it was moved to the Dallas/Jackson Home and became the Jackson Hill School. In 1921, George H. . . . — — Map (db m71638) HM
Hatcher School was created as a result of the dreams and sacrifices of the people of the community. Black children in Centre had to travel to Cedar Bluff to attend school. The State purchased land and citizens of the community provided funding and . . . — — Map (db m133323) HM
Mose Hampton bought his freedom prior to the Civil War. He was a builder, assisted in laying out and surveying the town of Centre, a minister in the Episcopal Methodist North, and an inventor. Mr. Hampton owned land in the vicinity of this marker on . . . — — Map (db m120046) HM
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Mt. Nebo Cemetery is home to the unique folk art of African American inventor and artist, Issac "Ike" Nettles, who used concrete to make images of living people's faces for their . . . — — Map (db m101576) HM
This is a replica of the original tablet from the 1924 World War I monument located in front of the Clarke County Courthouse. The monument was the first memorial ever erected to honor county war dead. It cost $1,650 and was paid for with . . . — — Map (db m57385) HM
Founded by the CME (Christian Methodist Episcopal) Church as the only school for black students in the area in the early 1900’s, Williams’ Temple eventually consolidated with another school in Booker City to form Miles College near Birmingham. . . . — — Map (db m101596) HM
During the early 1800s, a slave-owning planter class including George Colbert’s family, emerged among the Chickasaw.
George’s success stemmed from a variety of endeavors. He fought with the Americans against the Shawnee and Creeks, traveled to . . . — — Map (db m107261) HM
Cherokee High School began here in 1921 as a grammar school with two teachers in a new frame building. The building was erected by African Americans using a Julius Rosenwald Grant with additional funds from the local community. The county school . . . — — Map (db m192084) HM
Inns, or stands, provided occasional shelter for travelers along the Natchez Trace. These stands offered flood to eat and food for thought: local news, information, and ideas. The ever-changing mix of diverse populations—whites, American . . . — — Map (db m107263) HM
Dedicated to Civilian defense workers in critical industry for the war. US Army directed construction and production via Air Nitrate Corp. Army Projects here in 1917-1918 required 20,000 workers recruited from across the USA. The great flu-pandemic . . . — — Map (db m138776) HM WM
(side 1)
Percy Sledge
"When A Man Loves A Woman"
Hospital orderly Percy Sledge recorded 'When a Man Loves a Woman' at Quin Ivy's studio in 1966. Sledge's breakup with a girlfriend inspired the lyrics credited to songwriters . . . — — Map (db m83390) HM
Sheffield Colored School
Public education for Sheffield's black children began in 1889 in a framed building at E. 20th St. and S. Atlanta Ave. with Henry Hopkins as teacher. Professor Benjamin J. Sterling (1847-1941), a former slave, became . . . — — Map (db m193430) HM
This home was built in 1920 for Dr. and
Mrs. A. W. Davis and is located in the Tuscumbia Historic District, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
The doctor came to Tuscumbia in 1903 to serve the African
American . . . — — Map (db m216625) HM
(side 1)
Formal education for Tuscumbia’s African American children began in 1870 at the Freedman School taught by Judge Wingo and his daughter in a church at the foot of the hill. In July 1877, the Osborne Colored Academy was established . . . — — Map (db m80944) HM
Side 1
Doctor Reverend Hillary James Hawkins, who was affectionately known throughout the community as “Brown,” dedicated most of his adult life to providing spiritual guidance to blacks in Evergreen and surrounding . . . — — Map (db m81292) HM
Peace & Goodwill Cemetery is Coosa County's first African American Cemetery to be placed on the prestigious Alabama Historic Cemetery Register. It provides powerful insights about the diligence and commitment of our African Ancestors. Family . . . — — Map (db m64587) HM
D. A. Smith High School
Dale County
The first school building on this site for African Americans was constructed in 1939 and was named Ozark Negro High School. It was replaced during the “separate but equal” period in 1952 and . . . — — Map (db m132087) HM
Front
The original part of this building was home to one of the oldest
African American schools in Dale County. In 1949 on this site, the
new building for the Pinckard Colored School was constructed and
Mack M. Matthews became its . . . — — Map (db m115029) HM
Marker Front: The Beloit Industrial Institute was founded in 1888 by Industrial Missionary Association, an area subdivision of the American Missionary Associations. The President of the Association, Dr. Charles B. Curtis, was a Presbyterian . . . — — Map (db m83504) HM
Prior to 1905, workmen in search of
salvageable bricks dismantled the old
Dallas County Courthouse (pictured
here). The grassy mound before you
contains the damaged bricks the
workmen left behind.
Cahawba was the county seat from . . . — — Map (db m112559) HM
The grassed over mound of brick before you was once Dallas County's courthouse. This courthouse was built in 1834. It was dismantled prior to 1905 by brick salvagers.
Cahawba was the county seat from 1818 to 1866. This brought a lot of people, . . . — — Map (db m23010) HM
In 1866, shortly after the Civil War and a severe flood, the county seat was moved from Cahaba to Selma. Residents rapidly abandoned the town. Many homes were dismantled and reassembled elsewhere.
Despite this trend, returning Confederate . . . — — Map (db m83516) HM
These ruins were once a place of worship for members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Built in 1849, it was the first single denomination church in Cahawba. An earlier church for the common use of all denominations was erected about 1840. . . . — — Map (db m112410) HM
This house, the Fambro / Arthur home,
takes its name from two of its owners.
One was a judge, the other was a former
slave.
The Fambro Family
A. Judge W. W. Fambro built this house
in the early 1840s. He may have created . . . — — Map (db m112451) HM
Presented By
SCLC W.O.M.E.N. Inc., Women's Organizational Movement for
Equality Now
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
The Voting Rights Bridge Crossing/Selma to Montgomery
March/Jubilee Foundation and others,
Dr. Joseph E. . . . — — Map (db m224569) HM
For centuries, Selma was a city where the rules of race
were enforced by humiliation and fear. But Selma gave
birth to one of the greatest grassroots campaigns in
history—the voting rights movement. The Selma to
Montgomery march was the . . . — — Map (db m112370) HM
'Bloody Sunday' Attack at Edmund Pettus Bridge
A voting registration campaign in 1965 turned tragic Feb. 17 when an Alabama state trooper fatally shot Jimmie Lee Jackson in Marion. It prompted a protest march from Selma to Montgomery that . . . — — Map (db m81944) HM
Brown A.M.E. Chapel (in front of you) served as a safe haven for supporters during the voting rights campaign. Pastor P.H. Lewis and his congregation courageously broke the injunction prohibiting African Americans from holding mass meetings, making . . . — — Map (db m131995) HM
The bloodshed on this bridge
named to honor Klan Leader,
Edmund Pettus, must fuel our
resolve to secure the right to
vote in perpetuity. This park
was designed and donated by
Hank and Rose Sanders to
honor their parents, Rev. D.A.
and Ora . . . — — Map (db m224571) HM
First Baptist was the first church in Selma to open its doors to members of the Dallas County Voters League as well as to young activists from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. From 1963 to 1965, under the leadership of Reverend M.C. . . . — — Map (db m112366) HM
In 1952, the City of Selma accepted federal funds to build the George Washington Carver Homes Projects. The residences became “The Face of the Civil Rights Movement” to many in the 1960s because Dr. King, the Southern Christian . . . — — Map (db m112354) HM
The George Washington Carver neighborhood served as base camp for the votings rights movement during the tumultuous weeks of March 1965. These blocks of brick two-story homes—the city's first and largest federal housing project for blacks, built in . . . — — Map (db m112365) HM
The Selma-Montgomery March
"Bloody Sunday", March 7, 1965
Mothers of the Civil Rights Movement
Before and Beyond the Bridge
Didn't Let Nothing Turn Them Around!
Presented by
The Evelyn Gibson Lowery . . . — — Map (db m111691) HM
The demonstration that led to the most important advance in civil rights for millions of Black Americans began here March 21, 1965. It was the 50-mile march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, the State Capital.
Defying threats of death, Dr. . . . — — Map (db m83578) HM
Leader of
The Selma-Montgomery March
"Bloody Sunday", March 7, 1965
He Fed the Hungry
"Unbossed and Unbought"
1926-2000
Presented by
SCLC/W.O.M.E.N. Inc.
Women's Organizational Movement for Equality . . . — — Map (db m111689) HM
At the age of 20, Lewis lost his sight in 1957 from Glaucoma. He learned the
language of braille, other independent living and vocational skills during his
attendance at the Alabama Institute for the Deaf and Blind in Talladega, Alabama. . . . — — Map (db m112363) HM
Lynching in America
Thousands of African Americans were victims of lynching and racial violence in the United States between the Civil War and World War II. The lynching of African Americans during this era was a form of racial terrorism used . . . — — Map (db m132071) HM
This school was the city of Selma's first public high school for African-Americans. Completed in 1949, the school was named in honor of Richard Byron Hudson, a black educator who had served for 41 years as principal of Clark Elementary School, . . . — — Map (db m82741) HM
The shooting of Jimmie Lee Jackson in nearby Marion, Alabama, transformed Brown Chapel from a sanctuary into a staging area for the Selma march, In a passionate sermon SCLC worker James Bevel suggested making a pilgrimage to the State Capitol to . . . — — Map (db m112364) HM
Confederate Army Captain James White was ordered to relocate the old Federal Arsenal from Mt. Vernon, Alabama. By 1865 it consisted of 24 buildings and had over 500 workers including men, women, boys, girls, FMofC and slaves. It made or contracted . . . — — Map (db m82750) HM
following the Battle of Selma, April 2, 1865. This occupation protected the hotel from the arson and looting in the first 24 hours that destroyed much of downtown. In the next week Wilson methodically burned the huge military/industrial complex that . . . — — Map (db m80792) HM
Side 1
In January 1885, Dr. Edward M. Brawley, President, Alabama Baptist Normal and Theological School (now Selma University) formed Tabernacle Baptist Church to be an integral part of the students' Christian formation and education. . . . — — Map (db m82034) HM
Side 1
Tabernacle Baptist Church was founded in 1885, and in March of that year, the congregation purchased this site. Built in 1922 under the leadership of Dr. David Vivian Jemison, the current church features bricks from the original . . . — — Map (db m83677) HM
Honoring:
Leader of
The Selma-Montgomery March
"Bloody Sunday", March 7, 1965
"Get in the Way"
"When We Pray, We Move Our Feet"
Presented by:
The Evelyn Gibson Lowery . . . — — Map (db m111683) HM
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