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African Americans Topic
By Tim Carr, February 13, 2010
Brock Drugs Building Marker
GEOGRAPHIC SORT WITH USA FIRST
| Near 4th Avenue North at 18th Street North. |
| | The Brock building was established in 1915, located at the intersection of Fourth Avenue and 18th Street North, was built while the area was residential. The three-story building housed a hotel upstairs that catered to professional musicians and . . . — — Map (db m26723) HM |
| On 5th Avenue North at 16th Street North, on the left when traveling east on 5th Avenue North. |
| | In Tribute to
Carrie A. Tuggle
1858 - 1924
Scholar, Teacher and Christian.
A life of unselfish service
to the troubled and the
homeless black boys and girls.
In 1903, she founded
a school and orphanage,
the Tuggle . . . — — Map (db m27391) HM |
| On 19th Street North at 4th Avenue North, on the right when traveling north on 19th Street North. |
| | On Mother's Day, May 14, 1961, a group of black and white CORE youth on a "Freedom Ride" from Washington, D.C. to New Orleans arrived by bus at the Birmingham Greyhound terminal. They were riding through the deep south to test a court case, "Boynton . . . — — Map (db m83809) HM |
| | Leaders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) learned they could apply economic pressure to White businesses with more effective results than moral persuasion alone. Therefore, the central strategy of the Birmingham Campaign . . . — — Map (db m73037) HM |
| | 1963 A female protestor remains defiant as police drag her away from a demonstration in Birmingham's nearby retail district. Activists in Birmingham--led for seven years by Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth before the 1963 Birmingham Campaign--put their . . . — — Map (db m83814) HM |
| On 6th Avenue N at 16th Street on 6th Avenue N. |
| | Born Jan. 15, 1929 Assassinated Apr. 4. 1968 "...yes, if you want to say that I was a drum major, say that I was a drum major for justice; say that I was a drum major for peace..." His dream liberated Birmingham from itself and began a . . . — — Map (db m73007) HM |
| | Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth invited Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to Birmingham in 1962. Shuttlesworth saw potential in the young minister, and their combined efforts were instrumental in Birmingham's desegregation. The campaign catapulted King into the . . . — — Map (db m73031) HM |
| Near 5th Avenue North at 16th Street North, on the left when traveling east. |
| | Dedicated to
Dr. Ruth J. Jackson
1898-1982
This woman of strength and vision graduated from the Poro School of Cosmetology, the first black registered school in the State of Alabama. At the vanguard of the Civil Rights Movement, she was . . . — — Map (db m27090) HM |
| Near 12th Avenue at Cahaba Street, on the left when traveling east. |
| | Marker Front:
Founded in 1886 on 600 acres of land, East Birmingham was the agricultural area consisting primarily of dairy farms extending to the present Birmingham airport. The East Birmingham Land Company that developed the area was . . . — — Map (db m83827) HM |
| On 4th Avenue North at 18th Street North, on the left when traveling west on 4th Avenue North. |
| | Eddie James Kendrick, nicknamed "cornbread", was born the eldest of five children to Johnny and Lee Bell Kendrick in Union Springs, Alabama.
After attending Western-Olin High School in Ensley, Alabama, Eddie was persuaded by his childhood . . . — — Map (db m26724) HM |
| On 17th Street North, on the right when traveling south. |
| | Emory Overton Jackson was born on September 8, 1908 in Buena Vista, Georgia to Will Burt and Lovie Jones Jackson. E. O. Jackson and his seven siblings were raised in the middle-class Birmingham enclave of Enon Ridge, located on the west side of town . . . — — Map (db m64736) HM |
| Near 5th Avenue North at 16th Street North, on the right when traveling east. |
| | This sculpture is dedicated to the Foot Soldiers of the Birmingham Civil Rights Movement.
With gallantry, courage and great bravery they faced the violence of attack dogs, high powered water hoses, and bombings. They were the fodder in the . . . — — Map (db m27394) HM |
| On 4th Avenue North at 17th Street North, on the right when traveling west on 4th Avenue North. |
| | Marker front:
Prior to 1900 a "black business district" did not exist in Birmingham. In a pattern characteristic of Southern cities found during Reconstruction, black businesses developed alongside those of whites in many sections of the . . . — — Map (db m83830) HM |
| On 4th Avenue North west of 17th Street North, on the right when traveling west. |
| | The Fraternal Hotel Building was built in 1925. Some of the businesses that were located in this building included:
1925 - 1980 Fraternal Hotel
1925 - 1970 Fraternal Café
1950 - 1966 Monroe Steak House
1985 - 1994 Grand Lodge Knights of . . . — — Map (db m27518) HM |
| On 8th Avenue West at 3rd Street West, on the right when traveling west on 8th Avenue West. |
| | On September 4, 1963, Graymont Elementary
School was the first public school in Birmingham
to be racially integrated. Two brothers, nine and
eleven years old, accompanied by their father,
James Armstrong, along with Reverend Fred . . . — — Map (db m153229) HM |
| On 4th Avenue North, on the left when traveling west. |
| | Businesses that occupied this building between 1908 - 1970
1908 - 1913 Southern Bell Telephone Company Stockroom
1915 - 1926 OK French Dry Cleaning Company
1927 - 1938 George Kanelis Billiards
1940 - 1945 Alex’s Steak House
1946 - . . . — — Map (db m27521) HM |
| Near 17th Street N at 5th Avenue N. |
| | You are standing at Ground Zero of the 1963 civil rights struggle in Birmingham. When African-American leaders and citizens resolved to fight the oppression of a strictly segregated society, they were met with vitriol and violence despite their own . . . — — Map (db m73015) HM |
| | The first march to City Hall was organized in 1955 by Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth when he petitioned the city to hire Negro policemen. By 1963, thousands of Blacks marched on City Hall to protest Jim Crow laws that were a constant reminder of Blacks' . . . — — Map (db m73036) HM |
| Near 16th Street North north of 5th Avenue. |
| | In dedication to Julius Ellsberry, the first Black Alabama man to die in World War II; born Birmingham, Ala, 1922.
Enlisted in the U.S. Navy, 1940; First Class Mate [sic] Attendant aboard battleship Oklahoma in the Battle of Pearl . . . — — Map (db m63761) HM WM |
| On Finley Avenue North 1 mile east of 13th Place North, on the right when traveling east. |
| | In honor of Julius Ellsberry of Birmingham
World War II Hero
First Jefferson County Citizen
to die for his country at Pearl Harbor while serving aboard the U.S.S. Oklahoma December 7, 1941 — — Map (db m70261) HM |
| | Responsible for much planning and leadership, the clergy played a central role in the Birmingham Campaign--like the famous Palm Sunday incident in 1963 (see nearby plaque). Local clergy like Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth worked with out-of-town ministers, . . . — — Map (db m73080) HM |
| | The central principle of the American Civil Rights Movement was non-violence, based on the strategies of Mahatma Gandhi, who led India's independence struggle against the British Empire. Being non-violent did not mean being passive. Using "direct . . . — — Map (db m83833) HM |
| | Those who participated in the marches and other demonstrations in the Birmingham Campaign agreed to a pledge of nonviolence. A few of the "Ten Commandments" of the pledge were: "Meditate daily on the teaching and life of Jesus. Remember always that . . . — — Map (db m83834) HM |
| On 5th Avenue North at 16th Street North, on the left when traveling east on 5th Avenue North. |
| | In Tribute to
Pauline Bray Fletcher
1878 - 1970
The First Black Registered Nurse of Alabama
Through self-sacrifice, perseverance founded in 1926 Camp Pauline Bray Fletcher.
Renewing the faith and the good health of all black . . . — — Map (db m27393) HM |
| | May 1963 Helmeted police stand ready in Kelly Ingram Park outside the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, one of many strategic hubs from which "Project C" organizers launched marches. Police try to keep marchers away from City Hall, usually stopping . . . — — Map (db m73032) HM |
| | Throughout May 1963, the pressure continued to build. The downtown business district was closed, a prominent black-owned motel was bombed, and 3,000 federal troops were dispatched to restore order before Birmingham was officially desegregated. This . . . — — Map (db m73021) HM |
| | No one did more to bring about positive change in Birmingham than the Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. In his struggle for equal rights, he survived a series of assaults, including the bombing of his home and a brutal armed beating by the Ku Klux Klan. . . . — — Map (db m73025) HM |
| On 29th Avenue North at 33rd Street North, on the right when traveling east on 29th Avenue North. |
| | Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth's tenure as pastor of Bethel Baptist Church (1953-1961) was marked by demonstrations, bombings and passionate sermons critical of segregation laws. His activism earned him a house bombing, frequent beatings, arrests, and . . . — — Map (db m83836) HM |
| On 12th Street West at 2nd Avenue West on 12th Street West. |
| | Built by local industrialist A. H. "Rick" Woodward, this park opened on August 18, 1910. It is the oldest surviving baseball park in America. Rickwood served as the home park for both the Birmingham Barons (until 1987) and the Birmingham Black . . . — — Map (db m22526) HM |
| Near 6th Avenue North at 16th Street North. |
| |
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church
has been designated a
National
Historic Landmark
This property possesses National Significance in commemorating the history of the United States. In 1963 it was the staging ground for the . . . — — Map (db m63733) HM |
| On 8th Avenue West at Center Street North, on the right when traveling east on 8th Avenue West. |
| | Marker Front:
This residential area was carved from the Joseph Riley Smith plantation, a 600 acre antebellum farm, one of the largest in 19th century Jefferson County. Smithfield lies to the west of Birmingham's city center on the flat land . . . — — Map (db m26990) HM |
| | On May 2, 1963, more than 1,000 students skipped school and marched on downtown, gathering at the 16th Street Baptist Church. Bull Connor responded by jailing more than 600 children that day. So the next day, another 1,000 students filled the park . . . — — Map (db m73017) HM |
| | When notoriously racist police commissioner Eugene "Bull" Connor sicced dogs on the "Foot Soldiers" of the movement, civil rights leaders hoped it would shine a national spotlight on their plight, but the country at large remained woefully ignorant. . . . — — Map (db m73398) HM |
| On 20th Street (Alabama Route 269) at Ensley/5 Points W Avenue, on the right when traveling west on 20th Street. |
| | "Tuxedo Junction" was the street car crossing on the Ensley-Fairfield line at this corner in the Tuxedo Park residential area. It also refers to the fraternal dance hall operated in the 1920's and 1930s on the second floor of the adjacent building, . . . — — Map (db m25623) HM |
| | Bull Connor ordered the fearless "Child Crusaders" to be blasted with high-pressure fire hoses, and he once again loosed the dogs on the young demonstrators. When the media finally exposed the nation to the cruel scene, President John F. Kennedy . . . — — Map (db m73019) HM |
| On Cumberland Drive at Balcourt Drive, on the right when traveling east on Cumberland Drive. |
| | Wilson Chapel was built in 1916 as a memorial to James and Frances Wilson by their daughters, Rosa Wilson Eubanks and Minerva Wilson Constantine. At the time of its construction the area was developing into a community of country homes known as . . . — — Map (db m26681) HM |
| On Tarrant Huffman Road at Marshall Avenue, on the left when traveling west on Tarrant Huffman Road. |
| | Mt. Zion Baptist Church began burying here in the mid-1800s. On June 2, 1970, New Grace Hill Cemetery, Inc., a subsidiary of the Booker T. Washington Insurance Company in Birmingham, purchased this cemetery and officially named it Zion Memorial . . . — — Map (db m35602) HM |
| On Woodward Street at Huntsville Avenue on Woodward Street. |
| | Side 1
Lynching In America
Thousands of black people were the victims of lynching and racial violence in the United States between 1877 and 1950. The lynching of African Americans during this era was a form of racial terrorism . . . — — Map (db m101159) HM |
| Near Myron Massey Boulevard north of 55th Street, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Miles College Leaders. Students Active During Civil Rights Era
The Colored Methodist Episcopal Church founded Miles College in
Fairfield in 1898. During the 1960s, President Lucius Pitts
encouraged students, faculty and staff to become . . . — — Map (db m153232) HM |
| On Thornton Avenue NE, on the right when traveling east. |
| | The story of “steel drivin’ man” John Henry is one of America’s most enduring legends. The strong ex-slave became a folk hero during construction of the Columbus & Western Railroad between Goodwater and Birmingham. He drilled holes for . . . — — Map (db m22207) HM |
| | African Americans, through enslavement and Jim Crow, constructed campus buildings and worked at the University of North Alabama since its beginnings in 1830, yet they were denied admission as students for 133 years. In 1963, Wendell Wilkie Gunn . . . — — Map (db m156930) HM |
| Near Hightower Place south of Veterans Drive (Alabama Route 133), on the left when traveling south. |
| |
Rev. Dr. Bennett W. Smith, as president of the Progressive National Baptist Convention, expanded the organization internationally. Active in Civil Rights in America and South Africa, he counseled President Bill Clinton on racial equality. — — Map (db m38645) HM |
| On Beale Street at North Cherokee Street, on the right when traveling west on Beale Street. |
| | William Christopher Handy, acclaimed worldwide as the “Father of the Blues” was born November 16, 1873, in his grandfather’s two~room log cabin which was located at this site. All structures in this area were removed in 1954 to make way . . . — — Map (db m141964) HM |
| On W College St. at Burrell St. on W College St.. |
| | This school named Burrell Academy, formerly in Selma, Alabama, was given to Florence by the American Missionary Association. In 1903, Burrell Normal School opened and served African ~American students in grades 1-12. In 1937, the Florence City Board . . . — — Map (db m83940) HM |
| On Waterloo Road 0.1 miles east of Cypress Bend Dr.. |
| | John A. Murrell, known as the "Great Western Land Pirate," was captured near this site in the winter of 1834. He was said to have killed over 400 people, including many kidnapped slaves. His arrest was brought about through the clever maneuvering of . . . — — Map (db m154394) HM |
| On W. Spring Street at S. Pine Street on W. Spring Street. |
| | About 1849, African-Americans began holding religious services in a brick cow shed overlooking the town spring near the site. It was purchased in 1857 by the local Methodists for this congregation, with Robin Lightfoot, a slave as its pastor. In . . . — — Map (db m45812) HM |
| On Veterans Drive east of South Pine Street, on the right when traveling east. |
| | About 1840, African- Americans began holding religious services in a brick cow shed overlooking the town spring near this site. It was purchased in 1857 by the local Methodists for this congregation, with Robin Lightfoot, a slave, as its pastor. In . . . — — Map (db m156921) HM |
| On E Dr Hicks Blvd at S. Wood Ave. on E Dr Hicks Blvd. |
| | This boulevard was named in honor of Dr. Leonard Jerry Hicks by the City of Florence in 1981. Dr. Hicks was a prominent Black leader of the community and was recognized for his skills as a physician across the State of Alabama. He was born September . . . — — Map (db m35257) HM |
| On N. Pine Street at W. Tennessee St on N. Pine Street. |
| | Dred Scott, whose name is associated with the landmark U.S. Supreme Court Dred Scott Decision of 1857, was born in Virginia between 1795~1809. In 1818 he was in Madison County, Alabama. He came to Florence with the Peter Blow family in 1820. About . . . — — Map (db m35183) HM |
| Near Hightower Place south of Veterans Drive (Alabama Route 133), on the left when traveling south. |
| |
Dred Scott, a slave who served as the hostler in Peter Blow's Florence Hotel, waged a 14-year legal fight for freedom that resulted in the U.S. Supreme Court's Dred Scott Decision of 1857, a pivotal event in American history. — — Map (db m56375) HM |
| | The "Mother Church" of the Presbytery, Florence Cumberland Colored Presbyterian Church originated in 1898 on property deeded by the city. Led, in 1918, by Rev. Holt Smith, it bought property on Alabama Street and built a frame structure. In 1948 . . . — — Map (db m83967) HM |
| On Jackson Road (County Road 41) 0.8 miles south of West Rasch Road (County Road 16), on the right when traveling south. |
| | The Forks of Cypress plantation was established in 1818 by James and Sarah Jackson. This home, believed the design of William Nichols, was one of Alabama's great houses, featuring perhaps the earliest peristyle colonnades in America. Built by . . . — — Map (db m156982) HM |
| On Surveyor Road near Cloverdale Road (Alabama Route 157), on the left when traveling west. |
| | Side 1:
To the south of this marker is the Hickory Hill Plantation Slave Cemetery which contains the remains of approximately 140 African-Americans. These individuals labored in the bonds of slavery during the period 1818 to 1865 and many . . . — — Map (db m138778) HM |
| Near Hightower Place south of Veterans Drive (Alabama Route 133), on the left when traveling south. |
| |
Lawyer and statesman James T. Rapier, a son of free African-American parents in Florence, holds the distinction of being just the second African-American from Alabama to be elected, in 1873, to the U.S. Congress. — — Map (db m28887) HM |
| Near Hightower Place south of Veterans Drive (Alabama Route 133), on the left when traveling south. |
| |
For 21 years following the end of World War II, John Bulls served as Agricultural Extension Advisor for the U.S. State Dept. in India, Nigeria, Tunisia and Uganda, assisting farmers and organizing community development programs. — — Map (db m84025) HM |
| | In 1928, Oscar S. DePriest, son of former slaves, became the first 20th Century African-American Congressman from the north. He is credited with the Anti-discrimination Amendment to the 1933 Civilian Conservation Corps Bill. — — Map (db m99374) HM |
| On Dr. Hicks Boulevard, on the right when traveling west. |
| | First school in Florence Public school system built 1890 on land given by Governor Robert M. Patton. It was occupied in 1891. Designed originally to serve all white elementary school children of Florence. Usually served six grades divided into nine . . . — — Map (db m84042) HM |
| On Burrell Street at White Street on Burrell Street. |
| | In early 1840s about 14 African-American members from First Methodist formed own congregation “Church Springs” near South Court Street. In 1857, a nearby brick cow shed was converted for its use under Rev. Robin Lightfoot who became a . . . — — Map (db m84050) HM |
| On West Irvine Avenue, on the right when traveling west. |
| | The congregation first met in home of Mrs. Betsy Key. Organized as "Fairgrounds Church" in 1896 at nearby site of early Florence Racetrack and Fairgrounds, with Andy Sloss as pastor. Later, the church was moved to Irvine Avenue (formerly Fish-Trap . . . — — Map (db m156929) HM |
| On West College Street at South Marengo Street, on the right when traveling west on West College Street. |
| | (side 1)
William Christopher Handy, widely honored as the “Father of the Blues,” was born in this house on November 16, 1873. In his autobiography, Handy traced the key events in his discovery of the blues back to his time in . . . — — Map (db m90306) HM |
| On N. Broadway Street at Mahogany Ave on N. Broadway Street. |
| | This Twentieth century business and residential area was developed by John D. Weeden Jr. during the building of Wilson Dam and the World War I Defense Plants. Weeden Heights was carved from 3,800-acre Sweetwater Plantation, the former home of his . . . — — Map (db m35632) HM |
| Near Hightower Place south of Veterans Drive (Alabama Route 133), on the left when traveling south. |
| |
Born in Florence in 1873, W.C. Handy wrote some of the country's most recognizable blues music such as the "St. Louis Blues." He became internationally known as the "Father of the Blues." — — Map (db m28890) HM |
| Near West College Street at South Marengo Street, on the right when traveling west. |
| | (side 1)
William Christopher Handy was born on November 16, 1873, in this two-room log cabin, which was located approximately one-half mile north of this site. In 1954, the cabin was dismantled, placed in storage, and restored to its . . . — — Map (db m90292) HM |
| On Plantation Springs Drive. |
| | Side A
In 1818 three Wilson brothers John, Matthew and Samuel, came from Virginia to purchase large farms in this area. The plantations of John and Matthew joined near this cemetery. All three brothers and their families are buried here. . . . — — Map (db m28160) HM |
| | Marker Front:
African~Americans played a very significant role in the early history of Courtland. Most came as slaves from the older southern states to help clear the land, to plant crops of cotton and corn, and to serve as household . . . — — Map (db m29009) HM |
| | Side A Federal lands in this area were first sold in 1818 and quickly purchased by settlers and speculators. A group of investors calling themselves the “Courtland Land Company” and consisting of William H. Whitaker, James M. . . . — — Map (db m28989) HM |
| | Born near this site 12 September 1913 to Henry Cleveland and Emma (Fitzgerald) Owens, who were sharecroppers and the offspring of freed slaves, Jesse was destined to attain immortality in the 1936 Olympic Games at Berlin, Germany. Although he moved . . . — — Map (db m80969) HM |
| Near County Road 203 at County Road 187. |
| | Jesse Owens track career started in high school when one day in gym class, the students were timed in the 60-yard dash. Coach Charlie Riley saw the raw, yet natural talent that young Jesse had and immediately invited him to run for the track team. . . . — — Map (db m80943) HM |
| On Cooperage Way (County Route 700) at Alabama Route 20, on the right when traveling south on Cooperage Way. |
| |
(side 1)
This small dwelling is the last reminder of "Boxwood" plantation, the home of the Elliot family, and later of the Nevilles. Built-in 1854 of slave-made brick and occupied by the household servants it is one of the few brick . . . — — Map (db m114719) HM |
| On South Dean Road at East Thach Avenue, on the right when traveling north on South Dean Road. |
| |
(Side 1)
Auburn's first separate black community cemetery offers a rich source of the city’s black heritage. Much of the history is oral but it is known that a white man gave most of the land in the early 1870’s. The four acre cemetery . . . — — Map (db m74453) HM |
| Near West Thach Road at South College Street. |
| | The first African American student entered the library to register at Auburn University at this site. Acting on a court order, Auburn president Ralph Brown Draughon accepted the application of Harold Franklin as the first African American student in . . . — — Map (db m90861) HM |
| On East Thach Avenue at Auburn Drive, on the left when traveling west on East Thach Avenue. |
| |
(Side 1)
This simple frame structure was built by newly freed black men and women before 1870. The property on which the building stands was given to a member of the Ebenezer congregation in 1865, the year the War Between the States . . . — — Map (db m74450) HM |
| On Spencer Avenue 0.1 miles north of Clark Avenue, on the right when traveling north. |
| |
(Side 1)
J. F. Drake High School
J.F. Drake High School, formerly Lee County Training School, educated Black children of the community from 1958 to 1970. It bears the name of Dr. Joseph Fanning Drake. Drake consisted of 12 . . . — — Map (db m74457) HM |
| On Shelton Mill Road (County Route 97) 0.8 miles north of East University Drive, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Marker Front:
The Greek Revival rock and mortar house was built by Addison Frazer (1809-1873) between 1852 and 1854 and served as the center for a 2,000 acre cotton plantation. Frazer owned 100 slaves and was on the Board of Trustees of . . . — — Map (db m25988) HM |
| On East Magnolia Avenue 0.1 miles east of Burton Street, on the left when traveling east. |
| | (Side 1)
Near this site once stood "Four-Story Cottage," the home of Robert Wilton Burton. A one-story house with wide porch and bay window, Burton built it in 1885 with proceeds from the sale of four stories to children's magazines. Born . . . — — Map (db m74440) HM |
| On Stage Road (Alabama Route 14) 0.4 miles east of Arrowhead Road (County Road 188), on the right when traveling east. |
| |
Side 1
On this site once stood the first of over 5,300 Rosenwald schools for black children built between 1913 and 1932. The schools were started in a collaboration between Julius Rosenwald, CEO of Sears, Roebuck, and Company and Booker . . . — — Map (db m73539) HM |
| On Long Street at Auburn Street, on the left when traveling north on Long Street. |
| | Side 1
On February 9, 1876, the City of Opelika paid D.B. Preston $80 for two acres of land to establish an African-American section of Rosemere Cemetery. This rectangular area of the cemetery contains 176 blocks, with 16 being partial . . . — — Map (db m75139) HM |
| On Auburn Street 0.1 miles north of Kilgore Avenue, on the right when traveling north. |
| | Dr. John Wesley Darden, was the first African American physician to treat patients within a 30-mile radius of Opelika. He built the Darden House in 1904, and later married Maude Jean Logan of Montgomery. Dr. and Mrs. Darden shaped many lives through . . . — — Map (db m75131) HM |
| On Columbus Parkway (Alabama Route 38) at South 6th Street, on the right when traveling east on Columbus Parkway. |
| | Organized c. 1872 by Rev. John Ford, Tom Isaiah, Julius Crockrum, Daniel Billingslea, Fannie Bryant, Charity Harris, Sarah Chambers and others, and named for presiding Bishop J. P. Thompson. This congregation first met in a house near the oil mill . . . — — Map (db m75157) HM |
| On Cross Key Road (County Road 26) at Elkmont Road (State Highway 127), on the right when traveling south on Cross Key Road. |
| | Members of the Barbee family donated this plot of land for the purpose of a community school around 1915. Three years later, a storm damaged the building and the school was relocated to nearby Sampson's Chapel. The Barbee family then deeded the . . . — — Map (db m154188) HM |
| On Trinity Circle north of Browns Ferry Street (County Road 29), on the left when traveling east. |
| | “My people were in slavery on the Coleman
Plantation. When the war came, they had an
opportunity to fight for their freedom on that
very same spot. Then Trinity was built at the
fort, and they could get an education there.
That story . . . — — Map (db m158197) HM |
| On Market Street east of North Marion Street, on the right when traveling west. |
| | From the 1850s to the 1970s, the Louisville & Nashville Depot was located between Market and Washington streets. The building has been used as a dress ship, a photographer's studio, and in 2004 was remodeled for the Limestone County Archives. . . . — — Map (db m93878) HM |
| On Browns Ferry Street (County Road 29) west of Allyn Street, on the right when traveling west. |
| | Fort Henderson Built on this site in 1863 by federal forces occupying Athens. It was a five-sided earthen fort with some frame buildings and underground bomb-proofs. Abatis lined the fifteen-foot deep perimeter ditch, a small portion of which . . . — — Map (db m41787) HM |
| On North Jefferson Street north of West Washington Street, on the right when traveling north. |
| | On June 22, 1933, Judge James Horton of Athens set aside the verdict and death sentence of an all-white jury that found Haywood Patterson, an African American, guilty of raping two white women. Patterson was one of nine black youths falsely accused . . . — — Map (db m154195) HM |
| | Lucy's Branch This site is named for Lucy Bedingfield, daughter of a slave and a Cherokee Indian. She was born 1832, and her Indian name was Finch. She married Meredith Bedingfield, a slave and had 9 children. Lucy was an astute and avid . . . — — Map (db m85421) HM |
| Near Trinity Circle north of Browns Ferry Street (County Road 29), on the left when traveling east. |
| | “When told that the fort had been surrendered...
[the soldiers] could scarcely believe themselves,
but with tears demanded that the fight should
go on, preferring to die in the fort.” — Lt.
Robert McMillan, 110th U.S. . . . — — Map (db m158258) HM |
| On Trinity Circle north of Browns Ferry Street (County Road 29), on the left when traveling north. |
| | “Trinity School founder Mary Fletcher Wells
and the American Missionary Association
forged the path for reconstruction in Limestone
County's African American population in an
approach based on the belief that education
and religion . . . — — Map (db m158194) HM |
| On Trinity Circle north of Browns Ferry Street (County Road 29), on the right when traveling east. |
| |
"The fort...was one of the best works of the kind I
ever saw.” — Lt. Henry March, 115th Ohio, USA
Here you can see all that remains of Fort Henderson,
the southeast bastion. Envision standing here during
construction. The . . . — — Map (db m158265) HM |
| On Trinity Circle north of Browns Ferry Street (County Road 29), on the left when traveling west. |
| | "It is impossible to adequately describe what
Trinity means to me. It means everything.
Without Trinity I don't exist." — Dr. Charles
Eric Lincoln: scholar, theologian, author,
former Duke professor, and Trinity graduate
Trinity . . . — — Map (db m158185) HM |
| Near East Market Street west of South Clinton Street, on the right when traveling east. |
| | This cistern is the last remnant of Trinity School located here 1865-1907. The cistern was used to store rainwater collected from the roof. No physical evidence remains of the Ross Hotel, the Chapman Quarters, and other buildings on this block, . . . — — Map (db m72219) HM |
| On Bee Line Highway (U.S. 31) at Thomas L Hammonds Road, on the right when traveling north on Bee Line Highway. |
| | Generations of African~American families have worshiped here, beginning with services held under a brush arbor prior to the Civil War. In August of 1879, the land for the Oakland Methodist church was deeded to parishioners. In a wooden one-room . . . — — Map (db m29094) HM |
| On Frederick Douglass Road at U.S. 80, on the left when traveling south on Frederick Douglass Road. |
| | Robert Gardner Farm
March 23, 1965 — — Map (db m61847) HM |
| On U.S. 80 at milepost 114 at Steel Haven Road, on the right when traveling east on U.S. 80. |
| | Lowndesboro, AL—Enraged whites, jealous over the business success of a Negro are believed to be the lynchers of Elmore Bolling. Bolling, 39, was found riddled with shot gun and pistol shots 150 yards from his general merchandise store. . . . — — Map (db m85460) HM |
| On U.S. 80 at milepost 111, 2.2 miles west of County Road 29, on the right when traveling east. |
| | In memory of our sister Viola Liuzzo who gave her life in the struggle for the right to vote... March 25, 1965 Presented by SCLC/WOMEN Evelyn G. Lowery, National Convener - 1991 - The Southern Christian Leadership Conference Joseph E. . . . — — Map (db m85461) HM |
| On West Hickory Grove Road 1.3 miles east of Route 97, on the right when traveling east. |
| |
Side 1
Lynching in America
Thousands of black people were the victims of lynching and racial violence in the United States between 1877 and 1950. The lynching of African Americans during this era was a form of racial terrorism . . . — — Map (db m97983) HM |
| On Snow Hill Drive at Alabama Route 21, on the right when traveling west on Snow Hill Drive. |
| | Enslavement & Racial Terror
The enslavement of black people in the United States was a brutal,
dehumanizing system that lasted more than 200 years. Between 1819
and 1860, Alabama's enslaved population grew from 40,000 to 435,000.
According . . . — — Map (db m154554) HM |
| Near U.S. 80 west of White Hall Road. |
| | Threatened by the potential four-to-one advantage of the black vote, whites retaliated by ousting black families from white-owned lands. The African American families who lived here paid dearly to earn their right to vote. Crowded into canvas tents . . . — — Map (db m112400) HM |
| Near U.S. 80 west of White Hall Road. |
| | Since the federal registrars came in August of 1965, thousands and thousands of Negroes have registered to vote. White plantation owners have retaliated by mass evictions. In December 1965, over forty families either left the county, moved in . . . — — Map (db m112405) HM |
| On U.S. 80 1.1 miles east of White Hall Road, on the right when traveling west. |
| | Rosie Steele Farm
March 22, 1965 — — Map (db m70954) HM |
| Near U.S. 80 west of White Hall Road. |
| | Monday, March 22, 1965, on the second day of the Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights March, protesters passed this site in late afternoon. At that time the four-lane highway in front of you was only two lanes, and for safety reasons the number of . . . — — Map (db m112375) HM |
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