After the creation of Anderson County in 1846, most settlers came from southern states, shaping the countys destiny in the Civil War. When Texas became the seventh state to secede from the Union on March 2, 1861, the county vote, 870 to 15, was . . . — — Map (db m182382) HM
John Henninger Reagan, son of Timothy and Elizabeth Lusk Reagan, was born on October 18, 1818, in Sevierville, Tennessee. He joined the Republic of Texas Army in 1839 and served in the Cherokee War. In the early 1840s, he held several public . . . — — Map (db m128981) HM
John Henninger Reagan, son of Timothy and Elizabeth Lusk Reagan, was born on October 18, 1818, in Sevierville, Tennessee. He joined the Republic of Texas Army in 1839 and served in the Cherokee War. In the early 1840s he held several public . . . — — Map (db m182822) HM
(Front):John H. Reagan (Right):"The Old Roman's highest ambition was to do his full duty; consciousness of having done it was his ample reward." (Left):"A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving favor . . . — — Map (db m17496) HM
(Front and southwest side): Located 6.5 miles southwest during the Civil War this salt works was assigned to produce salt for the Confederacy at a fixed price of eight dollars for a hundred-pound sack. Private customers from East Texas, . . . — — Map (db m31881) HM
American Civil War
12 April 1861 - 9 April 1865
U.S. President Abraham Lincoln
The War Between the States began when 11 Southern states demanding stronger state rights seceded and formed the Confederate States of America led by . . . — — Map (db m164164) HM WM
Strategically established during Civil War on defense line Red River to Rio Grande where Gainesville-Fort Belknap Road crossed west fork Trinity River about 10 miles south, 4 miles east of Archer City. Texas Frontier Regiment patrolled area . . . — — Map (db m187138) HM
Area Confederate veterans officially formed the Stonewall Jackson Camp #249, United Confederate Veterans, in 1897. The group purchased 106 acres located south of Holliday, along Holliday Creek, as a permanent location for meetings and reunions. . . . — — Map (db m187233) HM
Texas Ranger, Indian fighter. At age 19, on way to California gold fields, saw ranching possibilities. Settled and started ranch in Palo Pinto county, 230 miles southeast of here.
In Civil War, scout, guide and hunter for frontier regiment, . . . — — Map (db m49323) HM
A native of Oldenburg, Germany, John Friedrich Ernst (1820-1863) emigrated to the United States with his family at the age of nine. In 1831, they traveled from New York City to Texas, finally arriving in what is now the town of Industry. The . . . — — Map (db m165424) HM
Born along the Czech - Moravian border, Josef Lidumil Leikar received early training as a tailor. During the Revolution of 1848, he became a spokesman for political freedom in his homeland. In 1853 he led a group of immigrants to the new Czech . . . — — Map (db m183874) HM
Kentucky natives William Henry Guyler (1823-1897) and Lydia Ann English (1826-1920) were married in 1845 and journeyed to Texas in 1859. They purchased a homestead on the Milburn and Davis Land Grant in Austin County. William Guyler erected a log . . . — — Map (db m168489) HM
(side 1)
Camp Montel C.S.A.
Site 25 mi. West on Hy. 470, 1 mi. South. Established 1862 as part of Red River-Rio Grande defense line. Named for Captain Charles DeMontel, surveyor and colonizer of Bandera, leader of county . . . — — Map (db m111200) HM
(Front)
Born Mississippi. Came to Texas 1851. Enlisted here as private 1861. Adjutant 5th Texas Cavalry in Arizona-New Mexico Campaign to make Confederacy an ocean to ocean nation. At age 20 made captain for gallantry in Battle of Valverde. . . . — — Map (db m126753) HM
Baylor University (including the "Female Department" later to become Mary Hardin-Baylor) had operated at Independence for 15 years before 1861. In the Civil War it suffered the setbacks of Texas education in general. This was despite leadership of . . . — — Map (db m152004) HM
Settlement began on Lampasas River, 1847. Created Jan. 22, organized Aug. 1, 1850. Named for Peter Hansbrough Bell (1812-1898), native of Virginia; veteran of Battle of San Jacinto; served in Somervell expedition to stop Mexico's Raids into Texas; . . . — — Map (db m29379) HM
The Confederate tradition in Bell County goes back to the War between the States itself. The citizens of Bell County were very pro-Southern in their opinions. Voters in Bell County overwhelming voted for Texas to leave the Union. In a state wide . . . — — Map (db m152300) HM
A native of South Carolina, Wilson Van Dyke served as a member of the Somervell Expedition, which was organized in 1842 to expel the Mexican Army from Texas. Under command of Col. W.S. Fisher, he crossed the Rio Grande and was captured. A survivor . . . — — Map (db m29382) HM
On this site in 1861-65, the William R. Alexander Distillery met a wartime need in Texas.
May 28, 1862, Governor Francis R. Lubbock closed all Texas distilleries, to save grain. Army calls for medicinal liquor (for opiate and stimulant purposes) . . . — — Map (db m29344) HM
Milton Wesley Damron (1825-1887), an early settler and Salado public servant, was born in Tennessee and came to Texas as part of the Mercer Colony. He arrived in the 1840s and shortly afterwards married Sarah Pennington. When original settlement . . . — — Map (db m29350) HM
A graduate of the medical department of Kentucky's Transylvania University, South Carolina native Dr. Welborn Barton (1821-1883) came to Texas in the late 1840s. After two years of practicing medicine in Bastrop County, he returned to South . . . — — Map (db m29349) HM
Before migrating to Texas, A. J. Rose made a fortune in the 1849 California Gold Rush. In 1857 he and his wife Sallie (Austin) brought their family from Missouri to Travis County, Texas. Later they settled in San Saba County, where Rose ran a mill . . . — — Map (db m29345) HM
A native of Georgia, Robert B. Halley brought his family to this area about 1853. With partner T.J. Eubanks, he operated a liquor distillery and a flour and grist mill on the Lampasas River. Halley served as Bell County Commissioner in 1859 and as . . . — — Map (db m29374) HM
Twelve Oaks, 1867-69. Greek Revival mansion built of stone from adjacent land, for B.D. McKie, Texas doctor who fought and was wounded in Mexican and Civil wars.
Restoration by parents of Lt. Henry Clay DeGrummond, Jr. World War II combat hero, . . . — — Map (db m29343) HM
Civil War Dead
An estimated 700,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Civil War between April 1861 and April 1865. As the death toll rose, the US government struggled with the urgent but unplanned need to bury tallen Union . . . — — Map (db m163714) HM
The administrative government of Bexar County, besides being the oldest in Texas, is distinguished by having served under nine governments. The community served under Spanish rule from May, 1718, until January, 1811, when it was taken over by . . . — — Map (db m53972) HM
Came to Texas 1829. Served in Battles of Anahuac and San Jacinto in Texas War for Independence and the Indian, Mexican and Civil Wars. Born Natchez, Miss., Married Mary Ann Sawyer 1850. Prominent in Civic and Public Affairs.
Recorded - . . . — — Map (db m163736) HM
Created by Texas Secession Convention, Jan. 1861. A committee of 15 men to prevent public disorder and - in the face of open hostility from Governor Sam Houston - enforce secession convention mandates.
On Feb.18,1861, in what might well have . . . — — Map (db m176130) HM
This cemetery is located within part of a 40-acre grant of land given to the city of San Antonio by the King of Spain. The property was later subdivided into twenty-nine separate cemeteries by city aldermen, and this area was designated as City . . . — — Map (db m30150) HM
Brought about as Texas moved to expel 2600 Federal troops – a step necessary after secession. Frontier fighter Ben McCulloch with 400 volunteers forced surrender negotiations at headquarters of Gen. Twiggs a block and a half from here, by 4 . . . — — Map (db m30326) HM
Address by President Lincoln at the Dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery November 19, 1863.
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the . . . — — Map (db m177355) WM
Secretary 1st Texas Senate, Legislator 1849. Speaker of House 1854-1856. Served campaigns against Comanches. Lieutenant, Cavalry, Mexican War 1846. Confederate presidential elector 1861. Brigadier General State Militia 1861. Appointed same rank . . . — — Map (db m163775) HM
Native South Carolinian, pioneer doctor and editor, Republic of Texas Congressman, twice State Senator, Jack Hay's adjutant in War with Mexico, fearless Ranger Captain in border and Indian campaigns, Confederate colonel, Mayor of Austin and . . . — — Map (db m163782) HM
In a 2-story stone building, afterwards a hotel, Vance House.
Established as administrative offices for U.S. Army during the Mexican War, 1846-1847.
At this site on Feb. 16, 1861, Gen. David E. Twiggs surrendered $1,600,000 in Federal . . . — — Map (db m132554) HM
Started here by early Spanish settlers; for making powder to hunt meat and resist Indians. Used charcoal made of wood of Hill Country. From bat guano in such caves as Longhorn Caverns, got saltpeter. Sulphur came by ox-cart or wagon from Mexico. . . . — — Map (db m163405) HM
Near this site - noted camping spot 5 miles from city. Used by U.S. Army, Mexican War, 1846-48. Often scene of summer picnics and political speeches, 1850's.
On surrender to Confederate Texans of all federal troops in state, it was site of . . . — — Map (db m176124) HM
A native of South Carolina; came to San Antonio in 1835; was guide for Ben Mailam and other leaders in first attack on San Antonio by Texas Army, Dec. 1835. As Bexar Delegate, Maverick signed Texas declaration of Independence at . . . — — Map (db m30608) HM
Organized Nov. 1862, by act of Texas Legislature, incorporated 1863. Had store at this site. Its $44,000 capital included $8,000 subscribed by the city for its needy and for families of Confederates away in the Civil War. Aim of group was to keep . . . — — Map (db m30210) HM
National Cemetery
San Antonio National Cemetery was established in 1867 on land the city gave to the federal government. The 2-acre parcel occupied a hill about a mile east of the city plaza. By December 1868, the cemetery was enclosed by . . . — — Map (db m163670) HM
Originally housed at the Alamo, the arsenal was established at this location in 1858. The facility initially included an office building, magazine, and commanders quarters. A portion of the San Pedro Acequia (ca. 1730) carried water across the . . . — — Map (db m118552) HM
(monument text) (1833-1903) Educator Attorney Public Servant Soldier Merchant Banker (plaque text): Thomas Claiborne Frost (1833 – 1903)
Born in Jackson County, Alabama in 1833, T. C. Frost graduated from Irving College . . . — — Map (db m63694) HM WM
Thomas Claiborne Frost (1833-1903) came to Texas from Alabama in 1855 to teach at Austin College, Huntsville. Admitted to the Bar in 1856, he served as a Texas Ranger before setting up a law practice in Comanche County. He was a delegate to the . . . — — Map (db m30223) HM
Soldier, Statesman and Indian fighter. In his native Georgia, a Legislator and Mayor of City of Atlanta. General in Cuban Liberation Forces, 1850.
On reaching Texas 1856, joined State Troops fighting Indians. Elected 1859 to State . . . — — Map (db m161844) HM
The great great grandson of Patrick Henry; served army of the Confederacy before buying tract in Texarkana about 1873. Captain Henry was elected to Texas Senate in 1876. Built first brick home in city; donated site for Methodist church. A leading . . . — — Map (db m160827) HM
The John A. Wharton Camp of Confederate Veterans purchased cemetery land June 27, 1898 and more in 1903 and 1927. The total is about 15 acres. 37 Confederate veterans are buried here.
On Feb. 11, 1919 F. E. Acton, Y. M. Edwards, E. G. Ward, W. . . . — — Map (db m50164) HM
Established in the 1890's by John A. Wharton Camp, U. C. V.; burial ground for Confederate veterans and families. After increase of acreage, use of cemetery was extended to public. Veterans of 4 wars; 1900 hurricane victims as well as prominent . . . — — Map (db m110259) HM
Kentucky native Albert Sidney Johnston graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1826. He was assigned to posts in New York and Missouri, and served in the Black Hawk War in 1832. He resigned his commission in 1834 to return to . . . — — Map (db m91921) HM
Home site of
General Albert Sidney Johnston
Texas patriot - Confederate hero
Erected by San Jacinto Chapter
Daughters of the Republic of Texas
and
Robert E. Lee, Oran M. Roberts and
Jefferson Davis Chapters
United Daughters of the . . . — — Map (db m129402) HM
Built in Confederate Texas in 1861-1862. Furnished essential salt to army and civilians. Raided by landing parties of Federals from Gulf ships, Nov. 27, 1862, lost buildings, 22 kettles, 4 large boilers. 10 tons of salt in hide bags was partly . . . — — Map (db m173948) HM
Bates' Fourth Regiment Texas Volunteers
Thirteenth Texas Infantry
Brown's Thirty-Fifth Texas Cavalry
On October 5, 1861, in Columbia, Texas (now East
Columbia), men from this area organized the
"Columbia Blues". They were mustered into . . . — — Map (db m161542) HM
Near site of Dance Gun Shop. Started on Brazos River in 1850 by brothers J.H., George, and David Dance. Shop produced guns which helped arm the Confederacy during Civil War, 1861-65. The firearms were noted for precision. Shop also made machinery . . . — — Map (db m49712) HM
John Greenville McNeel came to Texas in 1822 with his parents and brothers. Each of the men received land grants from the Mexican government as members of Stephen F. Austin's "Old Three Hundred" colony. Located near this site was the Ellerslie . . . — — Map (db m9453) HM
Born in Missouri. Rode a mule to Texas in 1831 to join his uncle, Stephen F. Austin, Father of Texas. A private in Texas War for Independence. Legislator, congressman, member of Texas Secession Convention. Enlisted as a private in the Civil War, but . . . — — Map (db m53084) HM
Settlement of this area began as a result of railroad development through north Brazoria County in 1882. First known as Mark Belt, the townsite was platted in 1894 and named Pearland because of the abundance of pear orchards in the vicinity. An . . . — — Map (db m50134) HM
Named for a Mexican general. Early as 1532 a thriving village. Port of entry in Republic of Texas. Strategic fort in Civil War. Industrial area, cattle and cotton shipping point, 1870-1900. Fashionable summer colony, 1884 and afterwards. Largely . . . — — Map (db m96307) HM
Historic and key Texas port of entry located near here. During the Civil War was fortified by troops and 8 gun batteries at the mouth of the Brazos River, to provide shelter and landing facilities for blockade runners; to protect rich farmlands; and . . . — — Map (db m10331) HM
The sidewheel steamer "Acadia", owned by Canadians, set out on her maiden voyage in Dec. 1864 for Nassau, Havana, and Vera Cruz. Loaded with food, hardware, and clothing, she braved the Federal blockade to bring the goods to suffering Texans. . . . — — Map (db m181333) HM
Nearby island, resort for fishermen, hunters, small boats. During the Civil War, 1861-65, used by such captains as H.C. Wedemeyer, a peacetime shipbuilder, as base for operations defying Federal blockade.
Ships loaded with cotton entered . . . — — Map (db m96293) HM
Furnished horses, equipment and clothing for county men in the Civil War.
Levied war taxes on property, exempting lands or estates of Confederate soldiers.
After surveying to determine needs of the families of Brazos soldiers, appropriated . . . — — Map (db m119642) HM
The Civil War and its aftermath greatly affected Brazos County. War halted progress of the Houston & Texas Central Railway and made Millican a boomtown. After the war, the railroad created a new town, Bryan City, and brought a need for men and . . . — — Map (db m170303) HM
Came to Texas from Tennessee in 1839, and joined "minute men" protecting north frontier from Trinity to Brazos River. Moved to Brazos County; served 1842-1853 in County offices: Deputy Clerk, County Clerk, Surveyor, Chief Justice. Taught school, . . . — — Map (db m119644) HM
Eli Seale 1793-1857
Elias (Eli) Seale was born in North Carolina in 1793. He served as a fifer in the War of 1812 in Mississippi, and in 1835 moved with his three brothers and his family from Alabama to Texas. He received his Mexican . . . — — Map (db m170484) HM
On November 17, 1835, after Francis Smith convinced the people of Cincinnati, Ohio, to aid the cause of the Texas Revolution, the Ohioans began raising funds to procure two cannons and their attendant equipment for Texas. Since the United States . . . — — Map (db m170471) HM
Native of Missouri. Member of prominent family who were Texas statesmen, planters, developers. Grandson of Moses Austin, who obtained from Mexico charter for American Colony in Texas, but died before making settlement. Nephew of Stephen F. . . . — — Map (db m119643) HM
Millican was Texas' northernmost railroad terminus when the war between the states began in 1861. It became a vital Confederate shipping point for the area extending to the Red River on the north and to the frontier settlements in the west. The . . . — — Map (db m190131) HM
Side A:
County Named for Texas Confederate Colonel Henry P. Brewster 1816-1884South Carolinian came to Texas, 1836 - Attorney General, State of Texas, 1847-49. When South seceded he was instrumental in recruiting post office . . . — — Map (db m44612) HM
Iowa born family came to Texas 1839. Gained experience with Indians in central Texas while father was Indian agent. Led reservation Indians in campaigns against Comanches. As Ranger company captain in 1855 he killed the noted Comanche Chief Peta . . . — — Map (db m50296) HM
Typical of those who served the South and then moved into new counties of Western Texas. Surveyor, Indian agent, soldier, legislator, Justice of the Peace. Born in Tennessee. Moved to Texas 1838. Fought in Mexican War. Though 43 when Civil War . . . — — Map (db m46613) HM
Born in Missouri. Served in Texas Rangers, 1860-61, and in Civil War, 1862-65. He was a Corporal in last Confederate Army surrendered east of the Mississippi. After the war, he lived in McLennan, Coryell, and Briscoe Counties. Married twice, he had . . . — — Map (db m100014) HM
On Feb. 23, 1861, citizens voted for secession, 422 to 84. On March 1, the "Burleson Guards" organized and offered its services to the state. Most "Guards" were mustered into Co.G, 2nd Texas Infantry Regt., and others served in Walker's Texas . . . — — Map (db m125671) HM
Noted pioneer leader. Member Virginia House of Delegates (1844-45). Piloted to Texas (1854) a mile-long wagon train of 200 people, who built Salem Baptist Church - reminder of their Virginia home.
Broaddus debated the Hon. Sam Houston at . . . — — Map (db m125652) HM
In 1906 Somerville hosted the annual reunion of the Hood's Texas Brigade Association, a group established in 1872 for veterans of the celebrated Confederate unit. For two days, June 27-28, 74 veterans were honored with a celebration which included . . . — — Map (db m74293) HM
(Marker Front)
Home County of Texas Confederate
General Adam R. Johnson
Joined C. S. Army 1861. Cavalry scout with Gen. Nathan B. Forrest 1861-62. Commanded Partisan Rangers 1862-64 executing daring exploits behind enemy . . . — — Map (db m27537) HM
Entomologist Ferdinand Lueders made the earliest recorded discovery of this cave in 1821. Notorious in the Civil War era, the hole is believed to have been the dumping ground for up to 17 bodies, including those of pro-Union Judge John R. Scott . . . — — Map (db m168003) HM
(Northwest Face of Memorial)
In Memory of
Our Soldiers
(Southeast Face of Memorial)
Tell it as you may
It never can be told,
Sing it as you may
It never can be sung
The story of the glory
Of the men who wore . . . — — Map (db m91554) WM
Many currents of the mainstream of Texas history flow in this onetime port. Pineda explored the coast in 1519 and La Salle planted a settlement near here in 1685. Once an Indian trading point, it was a major seaport from 1844 to 1875. Texas . . . — — Map (db m120708) HM
Many of the graves in this cemetery reflect the hardships encountered by residents of Indianola, one of Texas' leading 19th century ports. The earliest marked grave is that of a child, William Woodward. His death occurred in 1852, a year when . . . — — Map (db m182610) HM
On March 3, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed an Act calling for all able-bodied men to join the National Forces. William Barnes joined the Union Army the following February. He was stationed in Norfolk, Virginia and six months later was . . . — — Map (db m182612) HM
In November of 1863, in the midst of the Civil War, the Union Army arrived in Calhoun County. Union and Texas troops rarely met on the field of battle in Texas, as most of the war was concentrated in the east and south of the country. The Union . . . — — Map (db m120714) HM
As part of the U. S. Naval initiative to control Texas Confederate ports, the gunboats "Clifton" and "Westfield" turned to the town then known as Lavaca after easily taking Galveston and Indianola. On October 31, 1862, under a flag of truce, . . . — — Map (db m173656) HM
In February 1863, local inventor E. G. Singer developed and tested a torpedo with a unique spring action ignition system on the shores of Lavaca Bay. With nine other Lavaca citizens including Singer's financial partner Dr. J. R. Fretwell and . . . — — Map (db m172433) HM
Named for the nearby tidal lake of the same name, the community of Green Lake began to develop in the late 1840s, although records indicate there were some settlers in the area before that time. A group of wealthy planters from Kentucky migrated to . . . — — Map (db m61292) HM
Constructed in 1858, this three-story hexagonal lighthouse was originally located in Matagorda Bay, at the southern tip of Half Moon reef. The beacon served as an aid to ships trading in Port Lavaca and the nearby town of Indianola (14 mi. SE). . . . — — Map (db m53111) HM
Artillery batteries in Lavaca returned fired on two Union gunships that fired first on the small town October 31, 1862. Accurate fire from the shore batteries forced the gunboats, Clifton and Westfield, to move outside the range of the smaller . . . — — Map (db m173657) HM
Founded in the aftermath of a Comanche raid on the nearby settlement of Linville, the town of Lavaca (the cow) was established in 1840. The busiest port in the Matagorda Bay area and a major center for over-land export of cattle and other goods, . . . — — Map (db m53110) HM
Burials in this historic cemetery began in the 1840s, with several mass graves dating from an 1849 cholera epidemic. Pioneer families and their descendants, as well as prominent state, county, and city officials, are also interred in the community . . . — — Map (db m182147) HM
Chartered in 1850, the San Antonio & Mexican Gulf Railroad was one of the first railroads in Texas. San Antonio investors hoped it would open trade from the Gulf. As the line was built westward from Port Lavaca, wagons loaded with goods met the . . . — — Map (db m181220) HM
Camp Pecan
C.S.A.
This Civil War camp of the Texas Frontier Regiment was located 21 mi. southeast. Established in 1862 as one of a line of posts a days horseback ride apart. The number of men guarding the frontier were few. Trouble . . . — — Map (db m80810) HM
A native of Illinois, William Jeff Maltby gained fame as a frontiersman, veteran of the Mexican War and American Civil War and Texas Ranger. Maltby began his Texas exploits about 1850, building frontier forts for the U.S. Army. He retired to . . . — — Map (db m79083) HM
The last land engagement of the Civil War was fought near this site on May 12-13, 1865, thirty-four days after Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox.
Col. Theodore H. Barrett commanded Federal troops on Brazos Island 12 miles to the east. . . . — — Map (db m35271) HM
If you were an American of Hispanic descent during the Civil War, which side would you choose?
Your answer might depend on status, wealth, livelihood, or location. Altogether, more than 20,000 Hispanic soldiers fought in the Civil War. Many were . . . — — Map (db m164601) HM
You are currently standing north of the core battlefield area. To listen to the historical narrative of the battle and learn more about ongoing preservation efforts of the cultural and natural resources located in this National Historic Landmark, . . . — — Map (db m164595) HM
At this site the last battle of the Civil War, known as Palmito Hill, was fought by Confederate troops under Colonel John S. (Rip) Ford and Union Forces on May 13, 1865, 34 days after Lee's surrender at Appomattox. — — Map (db m118442) HM
These palmetto piling are the remains of the Boca Chica Crossing of the railroad from Boca Chica Inlet to White's Ranch on the Rio Grande. Begun by General Francis H. Herron, U.S.A., in 1864 and completed in 1865 by General Philip H. Sheridan for . . . — — Map (db m164594) HM
Hundreds of Union and Confederate troops fought the last land battle of the Civil War here on May 12 and 13, 1865, more than a month after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to U.S. General Ulysses S. Grant in Appomattox, . . . — — Map (db m164596) HM
You are currently standing north of the core battlefield area. Before you lies the site of last land battle of the American Civil War—May 12-13, 1865. Tune to Channel 1610 AM to listen to a historical narrative of the battle and to learn more . . . — — Map (db m164599) HM
Back in 1865, the weary soldiers fighting over this rough terrain probably gave little thought to the price of cotton. But their commanders did.
Throughout the war, wagonloads of the South's "white gold” streamed into the Rio Grande Valley . . . — — Map (db m164600) HM
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