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Native Americans Topic

 
Santa Fe de Toloca Marker, reverse side image, Touch for more information
By Mike Stroud, March 20, 2013
Santa Fe de Toloca Marker, reverse side
1 Florida, Alachua County, Alachua — F-325 — Santa Fe de Toloca
A Spanish Mission was established near here within sight of the Santa Fe River about A.D. 1606 by Franciscan missionaries. The river took its name from the mission, as did the modern town of Santa Fe. At one time, Santa Fe de Toloca was said to be . . . Map (db m64880) HM
2 Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville — A Cattle EconomyFive Centuries of Ranching on the Prairie
Hacienda de la Chua Organized cattle ranching at the prairie began here in the 1600s. You are standing at the site of the largest ranch in Spanish Florida, Hacienda de Ia Chua (right). Hacienda de la Chua was the main supplier of beef to St. . . . Map (db m126488) HM
3 Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville — Alachua Sink
The Alachua Sink, a named likely derived from the Potano word meaning “jug,” is the deepest of Paynes Prairie’s sinkholes and acts as a conduit for water entering the Floridan aquifer at a rate of up to 6 million gallons per day. . . . Map (db m126294) HM
4 Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville — 19 — Forced into ServiceFlorida De Soto Trail — August 13, 1539 —
It’s August 13, 1539… Hernando de Soto and his scouting party are passing through the Indian villages of Utinamocharra located just south of here – My army of more than 700 men follow behind. We will march quickly through . . . Map (db m126581) HM
5 Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville — F-264 — Hogtown Settlement/Fort Hogtown
(Front) Hogtown Settlement Near this site was located Hogtown, one of the earliest settlements in Alachua County. It was originally an Indian village which in 1824 had fourteen inhabitants. Hogtown settlement is also mentioned in . . . Map (db m150806) HM
6 Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville — F-165 — Spanish Cattle Ranching
Present-day Gainesville was the center of a large Spanish cattle ranching industry, founded on the labor of native Timuqua Indians, during the 1600s. LaChua, largest of the ranches, was a Spanish corruption of an Indian word, and in turn was . . . Map (db m72916) HM
7 Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville — F-316 — The Law School Burial Mound Reported permanently removed
100 yards west is an aboriginal burial mound built ca. A.D. 1000 by Alachua Tradition peoples, ancestors of the Potano Indians who lived in Alachua County in the 16th and 17th centuries. Initially several individuals were buried in a central grave, . . . Map (db m134742) HM
8 Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville — F-1002 — Timucua Burial Mound/Timucua People
(side 1) Timucua Burial Mound This earthen mound pays tribute to the ancestors of the Timucua Indians who lived and established villages near lakes and other sources of fresh water in north central Florida. Around 950 CE, following . . . Map (db m134740) HM
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9 Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville, Duckpond — We Remember Them With CompassionNaebahiono manta nahiabotanicano
Gainesville is part of the traditional homelands of the Potano people, a Timucua-speaking society. The Timucua people lived here since time immemorial. Indigenous peoples from other nations long inhabited the area around what is now called . . . Map (db m220713) HM
10 Florida, Alachua County, High Springs — 21 — Fear StrickenFlorida De Soto Trail — August 15, 1539 —
It’s August 15, 1539… Hernando de Soto and his scouts arrive at the Indian village of Cholupaha. It lies along the present-day Santa Fe River, which runs through here – My Men captured several Indians and questioned them . . . Map (db m126582) HM
11 Florida, Alachua County, Micanopy — Battle of Micanopy
The Battle of Micanopy The Battle of Micanopy took place on the morning of June 9, 1836. Seventy-five troops under the command of Major J.F. Heileman engaged a larger Seminole force headed by Osceola, numbering about 250 warriors. Two . . . Map (db m150458) HM
12 Florida, Alachua County, Micanopy — F-202 — Micanopy, Florida Reported permanently removed
A Timucua Indian village of the Potano tribe was located near here when the early Spanish Explorer Hernando De Soto led his expedition through the area in 1539. Botanist William Bartram visited Cuscawilla village nearby in 1774. The first permanent . . . Map (db m149338) HM
13 Florida, Alachua County, Micanopy — Second Seminole War
War on the Frontier The opening of the Second Seminole War began during the first week of December 1835. Seminole, along with their Black allies, attacked and burned hundreds of farms and homesteads in the Payne's Prairie region, the . . . Map (db m150459) HM
14 Florida, Alachua County, Micanopy — Seminole Heritage in Micanopy
Seminoles in Florida Between 1716 and 1763, under pressure from the colonial powers of Britain and Spain, two groups of Creek Indians from more northerly regions of Spanish La Florida (see map) arrived in the area of present-day Micanopy . . . Map (db m150457) HM
15 Florida, Baker County, Sanderson — Highway Through Time
Did you know the first people in North Florida lived here 10,000 years ago? 1562 Timucuans The Timucuans were the Native Floridians living in north and central Florida when the Europeans arrived in 1562. Powerful and . . . Map (db m159960) HM
16 Florida, Brevard County, Cape Canaveral — Cape Canaveral's Native Americans
The earliest evidence of human habitation on Cape Canaveral dates back about 6,000 years. Descendants of these first humans, the Ais, inhabited Cape Canaveral along with the nearby islands and the mainland. There are 95 recorded sites within the . . . Map (db m217573) HM
17 Florida, Brevard County, Cape Canaveral — F-857 — Carter-Fuller Mound Complex
Before modern construction a complex of six burial mounds occupied this location. They were built by the ancestors of the prehistoric Ais tribe, a group who occupied the Cape Canaveral area at the time of European contact. Based on pottery styles . . . Map (db m243353) HM
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18 Florida, Brevard County, Cape Canaveral — Early Cape Life
Beginnings of Settlement In the 1500s European explorers, slavers and missionaries first came to Cape Canaveral. Here they found a Native American population which had disappeared by 1730. The area remained sparsely populated until a . . . Map (db m217567) HM
19 Florida, Brevard County, Cocoa — F-69 — Hernandez Trail
One half mile to the west ran the Hernandez Trail used during the Seminole War. It connected forts along the East Coast to Ft. Dallas in Miami and across from Ft. Pierce and Ft. Capron to Ft. Brooke near Tampa. Brig. General Joseph M. Hernandez, . . . Map (db m72606) HM
20 Florida, Brevard County, Cocoa Beach — F-938 — The Thousand Islands
The Thousand Islands formed as the result of an ancient tidal inlet that breached this barrier island and flowed across modern-day Cocoa Beach. The indigenous Ais people, a fisher-gatherer society, lived along the inlet. Their oyster-shell middens . . . Map (db m112180) HM
21 Florida, Brevard County, Indian Harbor Beach — F-487 — Winter-Time Ais Indian Town of Pentoaya
In 1605 Florida's Spanish Governor Pedro de Ybarra sent Lt. Alvaro Mexia on a diplomatic mission to the Ais Indians. Mexia recorded his passage from St. Augustine down the coast to the principal Ais Indian town near present-day Vero Beach. At the . . . Map (db m82927) HM
22 Florida, Brevard County, Melbourne — F-800 — Pentoaya
The Ais Indian town of Pentoaya is thought to have been located atop the arc-shaped sand bluffs that surround the western edge of what is now Ballard Park. Pentoaya was an important prehistoric Indian settlement on the east coast of Florida, and was . . . Map (db m82819) HM
23 Florida, Brevard County, Merritt Island — First Buffalo HuntVeterans Memorial Center
Over three years from 2013-16, Navy veteran Jim McDole, of part Choctaw and Cherokee Heritage, carved this magnificent first buffalo hunt from a large block of fallon Chinese tallow. McDole was a homeless veteran during most of his labors. The . . . Map (db m164840) WM
24 Florida, Brevard County, Merritt Island — F-659 — Ulumay
The Ais were one of the most influential and powerful tribes in Florida when Spanish Army Lt. Alvaro Mexia mapped Ulumay Lagoon in 1605. He wrote in his diary “Here is the town of Ulumay, the first one of the province of Ais. In back of and . . . Map (db m72602) HM
25 Florida, Brevard County, North Merritt Island — F-566 — Haulover Canal
Native Americans, explorers and settlers hauled or carried canoes and small boats over this narrow strip of land between Mosquito Lagoon and the Indian River. Eventually it became known as the “haulover.” Connecting both bodies of water . . . Map (db m108012) HM
26 Florida, Brevard County, Titusville — F-486 — Windover Archaeological Site
Discovered by accident in 1982, the Windover site is a burial place of Early Native Americans who inhabited this region 7,000 to 8,000 years ago. The burials were placed underwater in the peat of the shallow pond. This peat helped to preserve . . . Map (db m60342) HM
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27 Florida, Broward County, Fort Lauderdale — Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
On this spot, January 31, 1893, Frank Stranahan, the founder of this city, conducted a ferry across New River, established a trading post with the Indians and operated the first U.S. Post Office. Seven tenths of a mile west of this point . . . Map (db m100795) HM
28 Florida, Broward County, Fort Lauderdale — F-285 — Indian Haulover
Bahia Mar is the site of a haulover where Indians took their canoes from New River Sound into the Atlantic Ocean. A Second Seminole War fort named for Major William Lauderdale was built near here in 1838. It was active until the War ended in 1842. . . . Map (db m47419) HM
29 Florida, Broward County, Fort Lauderdale — Ivy Julia Cromartie Stranahan
Born at White Springs, Florida, on the banks of the Suwannee River, came to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1899 as the town's first school teacher. She married Frank Stranahan in 1900 and lived at the Indian Trading Post on New River, where she . . . Map (db m100385) HM
30 Florida, Broward County, Fort Lauderdale — 144 — Ivy StranahanRoad to the 19th Amendment — National Votes for Women Trail —
Suffragist, Educator, Philanthropist. Founding member Fort Lauderdale Woman's Club. Leader in Florida Equal Suffrage Association 1917-1920.Map (db m217789) HM
31 Florida, Broward County, Fort Lauderdale — F-722 — The First Fort Lauderdale
The prehistoric peoples of Fort Lauderdale, commonly known as the Tequesta, occupied camps as early as 500 BCE in the area now known as Sailboat Bend. By 1800, Seminole Indians and Bahamian and American settlers inhabited lands along New River. In . . . Map (db m100394) HM
32 Florida, Broward County, Fort Lauderdale — The Tequesta
The Tequesta Indians and their ancestors lived and traveled along the New River for at least 5000 years. The Tequesta were Native Americans that lived in Southeast Florida in an area that extended from Boca Raton to Key West encompassing the . . . Map (db m100444) HM
33 Florida, Broward County, Hollywood — Council Oak Tree
The Council Oak Tree Site reflects the Seminole Tribe of Florida's growth over the years and stands as a symbol of strength and stability. The Council Oak Tree was the site of the meetings that led to the creation of the Seminole Tribe of Florida . . . Map (db m100134) HM
34 Florida, Broward County, Pompano Beach — Indian Mound Park
Bird Sanctuary This mound was constructed as a place for ceremonial burial by prehistoric Indians about the year 1300 A.D.- It is believed that they were ancestors of the tribe known as the "TEQUESTA INDIANS" Given to the people of Pompano . . . Map (db m128278) HM
35 Florida, Broward County, Pompano Beach — F-849 — Pompano Beach Indian Mound
Side One: The Pompano Beach Indian Mound is a prehistoric sand burial mound that was used by the Tequesta tribe and their ancestors for burial of their dead. Located nearby was their associated village and midden dating as far back as AD . . . Map (db m100403) HM
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36 Florida, Calhoun County, Blountstown — F-120 — Blunt Reservation and Fields
This is the western boundary of a reservation set aside by the treaty of Fort Moultrie and given to John Blunt (Blount) one of the six principal chiefs of the Florida Indians. The Apalachicola River was the eastern boundary. The treaty was ratified . . . Map (db m78029) HM
37 Florida, Calhoun County, Blountstown — F-324 — Cochranetown - Corakko Talofv
(This is Florida's first bi-lingual marker. The second language is Apalachicola Muskogee/Creek.) Apalachicola Creek Indians permanently settled Calhoun County in 1815; wars forced them out of Alabama. A new Tribal Town was built by Chief Tuskie . . . Map (db m48489) HM
38 Florida, Charlotte County, Port Charlotte — Hickory Bluff Mound
In 1905, Clarence Bloomfield Moore (1852-1936), a wealthy, amateur archaeologist from Philadelphia excavated a mound located on the northern bank of the Peace River about one half mile north of this site. Moore found the sand burial mound containing . . . Map (db m152615) HM
39 Florida, Charlotte County, Punta Gorda — First White Man Dies in AmericaBahia del Espiritu Santo-1513
On this day, May 24, ships were sent to seek a mainland colony site and to sound and chart the newly found “Bay of the Holy Spirit” (Charlotte Harbor). For three weeks explorations continued, seldom by land. There were at least three . . . Map (db m95500) HM
40 Florida, Charlotte County, Punta Gorda — Howard Homestead/Solana Plat
Frederick William Howard of Kinderhook, New York, first settled near this site in November 1873. After their marriage, Frederick and his wife Anna established residence here in January 1874, along with their two nephews. Frederick hired men and an . . . Map (db m167522) HM
41 Florida, Charlotte County, Punta Gorda — Mound Cities By the Sea Reported missing
In Charlotte Harbor Ponce de Leon came upon an urban Indian culture over 200 years old! The Caloosas were "City dwellers" whose sea-oriented high, dry, airy rectangular dwelling mounds made pleasant and secure homesites. Skillful engineers, the . . . Map (db m167684) HM
42 Florida, Charlotte County, Punta Gorda — F-53 — Ponce de Leon at Charlotte Harbor Reported permanently removed
On his first voyage to Florida in 1513, Juan Ponce de Leon spent several weeks at or near the mouth of Charlotte Harbor. When attacked by Indians he returned to Puerto Rico. In 1521, Ponce de Leon, with two shiploads of colonists, returned to . . . Map (db m167594) HM
43 Florida, Charlotte County, Punta Gorda — Ponce de Leon Historical ParkDedicated to America's First Colony Reported missing
The first European settlement in what is now the United States was established on the shores of Charlotte Harbor by explorer Juan Ponce de Leon and a band of more than 200 soldiers, priests, farmers, artisans and monks. The colony lasted for about . . . Map (db m167676) HM
44 Florida, Citrus County, Floral City — Floral City's Travelers and Their Trails
[north-facing kiosk panel] Introduction Records of colonial explorers reveal a well-developed Native American trail linking the Tampa Bay area to the village of Alachua, 150 miles to the north. A Timucuan village existed along this . . . Map (db m168617) HM
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45 Florida, Citrus County, Floral City — 13 — What Lies AheadFlorida De Soto Trail — July 24, 1539 —
It’s July 24, 1539… Hernando de Soto’s army has set up camp at a nearby Indian village, Tocaste - I moved ahead with a small scouting party. Just north of the village, we discovered a broad road, which I believe may be the entrance . . . Map (db m126576) HM
46 Florida, Citrus County, Inverness — A Costly Florida War
More than 1,500 soldiers died and $20 million was spent in the Second Seminole War. It was the most costly of three conflicts between the U.S. and the Seminoles in Florida. Fought from 1835–1842, the war broke out when Seminoles resisted . . . Map (db m101818) HM
47 Florida, Citrus County, Inverness — 15 — Close to StarvationFlorida De Soto Trail — July 26, 1539 —
It’s July 26, 1539… An advance guard of Hernando de Soto’s army has moved through a nearby area and crossed the present-day Withlacoochee River - It took us two days to cross the river. The rest of our army soon followed. Weighed . . . Map (db m126578) HM
48 Florida, Citrus County, Inverness — Florida's First PeopleSeminole Heritage Trail
Prior to the Spanish arrival in the 1500s, there were hundreds of thousands of Native Americans living in Florida. Evidence of their diverse culture has been discovered in the mounds, earthworks, middens and other archaeological sites found . . . Map (db m132271) HM
49 Florida, Citrus County, Inverness — Fort CooperFlorida's Seminole Wars
Setting the Scene In the Spring of 1836, President Andrew Jackson ordered General Winfield Scott, commander of the U.S. Army in Florida, to punish and defeat the belligerent Seminoles. Gen. Scott devised a complicated plan in which three . . . Map (db m132055) HM
50 Florida, Citrus County, Inverness — Life Along the WithlacoocheeSeminole Heritage Trail
Adapting to Life in the Cove Necessities of Life Before the Seminole were forced to move to the Cove, they were farmers and ranchers who lived in sturdy log homes and based their wealth on large herds of cattle and extensive crops. Unlike the . . . Map (db m132276) HM
51 Florida, Citrus County, Inverness — Lonely Outpost in a Hostile LandSeminole Heritage Trail
The Siege of Fort Cooper
A Hastily Built Defense In March 1836, General Winfield Scott launched a campaign to surround the Seminole in the Cove with an army of approximately 5,000 men. While marching to Fort Brooke in Tampa they stopped . . . Map (db m132281) HM
52 Florida, Citrus County, Inverness — 14 — Surprise AttackFlorida De Soto Trail — July 25, 1539 —
It’s July 25, 1539… Captain Moscoso is leading Hernando de Soto’s army north, from the village of Tocaste, to support De Soto’s scouting party… Passing near a large lake, we were met by messengers sent by De Soto. They told us the . . . Map (db m126577) HM
53 Florida, Citrus County, Inverness — The Seminole in the Cove of the WithlacoocheeSeminole Heritage Trail
Seminole Migration Story of Survival The Seminole are descendants of the Muscogee group consisting primarily of Creek Indians from Georgia and Alabama. In the early 1700s, various bands of Creeks and other Muskogean peoples began to migrate . . . Map (db m132273) HM
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54 Florida, Citrus County, Inverness — War Comes to the CoveSeminole Heritage Trail
The Second Seminole War Begins
A Year of Victory for the Seminole In the early 1830s pressure to remove Florida's Indians grew intense. Seminole leaders signed treaties in 1832 and 1833 that called for the tribe to relocate within three . . . Map (db m132277) HM
55 Florida, Collier County, Naples — F-87 — Big Cypress Swamp
Once, occupied by the Caloosa Indians and the Spanish, it was the last refuge of the Seminoles. The region is drained in a north-south direction by creeks, rivers, sloughs and swamps. Abounding in wildlife, trees, plants, shrubs and flowers, most of . . . Map (db m194947) HM
56 Florida, Collier County, Naples — Landmark Cypress № 8 — "Asteenahoofa"Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary
In the early 1800s, the Seminole tribe sought and found refuge deep in the bald cypress forests of Southwest Florida during the Seminole Wars. This tree bears the Seminole name for big cypress, Asteenahoofa. It is straight, solid and free of . . . Map (db m164916) HM
57 Florida, Collier County, Naples — F-791 — The Naples Canal
The Naples Canal was a monumental prehistoric construction achievement. It was 4,150 feet long (0.8 miles) and bisected an area between the Gulf of Mexico and Naples Bay. The Naples Canal was dug perhaps as early as A.D. 200 by local American . . . Map (db m127697) HM
58 Florida, Collier County, Ochopee — F-259 — 1936 Seminole Conference
On February 22, 1936, this pine hammock was the site of a conference attended by about 275 Seminoles and several representatives of state and local governments. Florida's New Deal governor, David W. Sholtz (1933-37), had aided the state's economic . . . Map (db m190699) HM
59 Florida, Columbia County, Fort White — 22 — A Chief is SeizedFlorida De Soto Trail — August 17, 1539 —
It’s August 17, 1539… When Hernando de Soto’s scouts sight the abandoned Indian village of Caliquen, Cavalry Captain Baltasar de Gallegos is ordered to move ahead – My men and I were sent to check for food and supplies. When . . . Map (db m127006) HM
60 Florida, Columbia County, Lake City — 23 — A Bargaining ChipFlorida De Soto Trail — September 10, 1539 —
It’s September 10, 1539… Conquistador Hernando de Soto has come to Uriutina, a deserted Indian village near here. We have feasted upon the bounty of food left behind by the fleeing villagers. Messengers sent by Chief Uzachile have . . . Map (db m126584) HM
61 Florida, DeSoto County, Fort Ogden — F-256 — Fort Ogden
As white settlers moved into Florida, demands increased for the removal of the Seminole Indians to a western reservation. The Seminoles failed to cooperate, and in 1835 the conflict known as the Second Seminole War began. By 1841, the Indians . . . Map (db m72605) HM
62 Florida, Dixie County, Horseshoe Beach — F-439 — The Jackson TrailFlorida Heritage Site
On December 26, 1817, U.S. Secretary of War John C. Calhoun directed General Andrew Jackson to protect citizens trying to settle in Florida. Jackson arrived in Florida with the largest army ever to invade the state to date -- 2,000 Creek Warriors . . . Map (db m61566) HM
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63 Florida, Dixie County, Old Town — F-55 — Oldtown
Inhabited by the Upper Creeks, Oldtown, often called Suwanee Oldtown, was one of the largest Indian villages in northern Florida. In Andrew Jackson's punitive expedition into Florida in April, 1818, Oldtown was captured. Most of the renegade Indians . . . Map (db m17712) HM
64 Florida, Duval County, Jacksonville, Fort George Island — Jean Ribaut
Jean Ribaut and a party of Huguenots landed the morning of May 1, 1562 on this island. Here they knelt in prayer, beseeching God's guidance and commending the natives to his care. This was the first Protestant prayer in North America.Map (db m40024) HM
65 Florida, Duval County, Jacksonville, St. Johns Bluff — The River of MayFort Caroline National Monument — Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve —
"[H]aving landed [on the River of May's shore]... we saw the chief of that country, ... he ... showed such enthusiasm that he almost lost his composure. He came up to us... repeating ...'friend, friend.'" Captain René de Laundonnière, 1564 . . . Map (db m46555) HM
66 Florida, Duval County, Jacksonville, St. Johns Bluff — Timucuan FriendsFort Caroline National Monument — Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve —
"[The Timucuans] brought us grains of roasted maize,... smoked lizards or other wild animals... and various kinds of roots, some for foods, others for medicine. And when they discovered that we were more interested in metals and minerals, they . . . Map (db m46571) HM
67 Florida, Duval County, Jacksonville, St. Johns Bluff — Timucuan PreserveFort Caroline National Monument — Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve —
Bound by the Nassau River, the Atlantic Ocean, and the St. Johns River, the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve seeks to protect much of the water and undeveloped land you see from here. Salt marsh, coastal hammock, tidal creeks, and sea and . . . Map (db m46576) HM
68 Florida, Duval County, Jacksonville, Urban Core — Ossachite
Site of the ancient Timuquan Indian town of Ossachite from earliest times until about 1700 Jacksonville Historical Society 1931Map (db m148637) HM
69 Florida, Escambia County, Pensacola — 33 — De Soto Trail / A Port with Promise
(Left panel) De Soto Trail 1539-1540 You are standing along the historic route of the conquistador Hernando de Soto and his expedition through the Florida Native American territories in his quest for gold and glory. . . . Map (db m126595) HM
70 Florida, Escambia County, Pensacola — Don Manuel Gonzalez
A native of Spain, Don Manuel Gonzalez joined the army at Madrid and was sent to New Orleans. After his discharge he was granted passage through the Choctaw and Creek Nations to Pensacola. At Pensacola, he was a successful cattle rancher. He opened . . . Map (db m80051) HM
71 Florida, Escambia County, Pensacola — F-313 — Hawkshaw
(Side 1) The Hawkshaw site has supported prehistoric and historic occupations which span a period of nearly 2,000 years. It was inhabited around A.D. 150 by groups of Native Americans whom archaeologists call the Deptford Culture. Scientific . . . Map (db m72238) HM
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72 Florida, Escambia County, Pensacola — Maritime Prehistory — Pensacola Maritime Heritage Trail —
Archaeology has helped us learn a lot about life in prehistoric Pensacola. Although little archaeological evidence exists from Pensacola's earliest Paleoindian residents, sites from later periods reveal a strong reliance on the marine landscape. . . . Map (db m177091) HM
73 Florida, Escambia County, Pensacola — Site of Panton Leslie & Co's
Indian trading post established during the English occupation 1763-1783 and burial place of Alexander McGillivray. Born Ft. Toulouse, Ala. 1746 Died Pensacola, Fla. 1793 Made Chief of Creek Nation 1776 Commissioned British . . . Map (db m170763) HM
74 Florida, Escambia County, Pensacola Beach — Apache Prisoners
In 1886 the U.S. Army exiled 400 Apaches from the Southwest to Florida and sent most of them to Fort Marion in St. Augustine. Several Pensacola citizens, however, petitioned the government to imprison Geronimo, a medicine man and warrior, and 15 . . . Map (db m86084) HM
75 Florida, Flagler County, Flagler Beach — Bulow Ville Plantation House
The Bulow Ville plantation house was built in the early 1820s and believed to have resembled the mansion shown. The two and a half story building faced Bulow Creek and had a veranda on all sides. The first floor walls were coquina covered with . . . Map (db m191597) HM
76 Florida, Flagler County, Marineland — Coquinafor Building & Broth
What’s That Rock on the Beach? What is that rock growing out of the beach sand? This is Coquina (ko-key-nah), Spanish for “little shell.” Coquina rock is a mixture of shells and quartz sand. It was formed by nature hundreds . . . Map (db m153622) HM
77 Florida, Flagler County, Marineland — Middens And Mounds
Prehistoric Garbage Piles The Native Americans that lived here for thousands of years are known only from the middens and mounds they left behind. Imagine if there were no big trucks to haul your garbage away. What if you simply tossed your . . . Map (db m153634) HM
78 Florida, Flagler County, Palm Coast — Joseph HernandezMala Compra Plantation Archaeological Site
Joseph Hernandez was a significant person in early Florida, with a fascinating life. Part of it was spent at his Mala Compra Plantation, and the main buildings were located on this site. Planter Joseph Hernandez acquired three . . . Map (db m208294) HM
79 Florida, Flagler County, Palm Coast — The Seminoles at Mala CompraMala Compra Plantation Archaeological Site
Seminoles Become Residents of Florida Groups of lower Creeks began moving into Florida from central Georgia about 1715. Fifty years later they had established a separate identity as Seminoles. Seminoles were not a united tribe but a group . . . Map (db m209524) HM
80 Florida, Franklin County, Carrabelle — The Legend of Tate's Hell
Jebediah Tate was a superstitious farmer that lived northwest of Carrabelle in Sumatra Florida. His only son was born just before the war and he named him Cebe. Jebediah was a Civil War veteran, and his wife was half Cherokee Indian. He bought 160 . . . Map (db m122000) HM
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81 Florida, Franklin County, St. George Island — F-319 — William Augustus Bowles
During a storm in 1799, the schooner Fox ran aground off the eastern end of St. George Island. On board was William Augustus Bowles, a British citizen and self-styled leader of the Creek-Cherokee nation. Bowles was bringing gunpowder and bullets, he . . . Map (db m52650) HM
82 Florida, Franklin County, Sumatra — F-202 — "Milly Francis"
(obverse) Francis the Prophet, whose Indian name was Hillis Hadjo, was an important Creek chief who was forced to leave his home in the Alabama Territory at the end of the Creek War of 1813-14. He established a new town on the Wakulla River . . . Map (db m114624) HM
83 Florida, Gadsden County, Chattahoochee — Chattahoochee Landing Mound Group
This prehistoric mound is the largest of seven that once stood here at River Landing Park. Believed to date from the Fort Walton time period (A.D. 900-A.D. 1500), its original appearance was that of a flat-topped pyramid. Archaeologists believe that . . . Map (db m110893) HM
84 Florida, Gadsden County, Chattahoochee — Ellicott's Camp and ObservatoryGeorge Washington's Commissioner of Limits
The 1795 Treaty of San Lorenzo defined the international border dividing Spanish Florida from the newly formed United States. No one who signed the treaty had ever seen it, but the point of land formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and . . . Map (db m230733) HM
85 Florida, Gadsden County, Chattahoochee — Karen's MoundRestoring A Lost Landscape
Chattahoochee River Landing Park-An Apalachicola River Heritage Destination This restored mound helps you visualize the original appearance of the seven prehistoric mounds that archaeologists believe stood here. Native Americans started . . . Map (db m216211) HM
86 Florida, Gadsden County, Chattahoochee — Nicoll's OutpostWar of 1812 British Fort
British troops arrived here in June 1814 as the War of 1812 entered its closing months. Initially, they worked to recruit and train Native American (Red Stick Creek, Seminole, Miccosukee, and Yuchi) warriors as auxiliaries. The Apalachicola River . . . Map (db m231607) HM
87 Florida, Gadsden County, Chattahoochee — Nicolls' Outpost
Atop this large prehistoric mound stood Nicolls' Outpost, a British fort of the War of 1812. Built in the fall of 1814, it was a rectangular earthen redoubt with a surrounding stockade and was armed with two small cannons. Garrisoned by 180 white . . . Map (db m79455) HM
88 Florida, Gadsden County, Chattahoochee — F-241 — Site of Ellicott's Observatory
At the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783, Florida was returned to Spain after twenty years of British control. Controversy soon arose over the exact location of the boundary between Spanish Florida and the state of Georgia. In 1795, . . . Map (db m79444) HM
89 Florida, Gadsden County, Chattahoochee — The Chattahoochee Landing Mound Group
River Landing Park is sacred ground. A major culture flourished here more than 1,000 years ago, building a complex of at least seven platform mounds. The largest of these earthworks stands before you. Construction of the mounds began nearly 2,000 . . . Map (db m231609) HM
90 Florida, Gadsden County, Chattahoochee — The First Seminole War
The First Seminole War erupted when U.S. soldiers attacked the Lower Creek village of Fowltown near today's Bainbridge, Georgia, on November 21-23, 1817. Native American and Maroon (escaped slave or Black Seminole) warriors retaliated by . . . Map (db m230902) HM
91 Florida, Gadsden County, Chattahoochee — The Scott Battle of 1817
A bloody battle fought on this site more than 200 years ago helped assure that Florida would become part of the United States. Angered over an attack by American soldiers on the Lower Creek village of Fowltown near today's Bainbridge, Georgia, . . . Map (db m231593) HM
92 Florida, Glades County, Moore Haven — Billie Bowlegs (III)chufí hajo — 1862 - 1965 — Reported missing
In the Ortona cemetery, eight miles west of here, lie the remains of a noble citizen of the Seminole Tribe of Florida, a faithful representative of his people and a true friend of the white man.Map (db m218232) HM
93 Florida, Hamilton County, White Springs — “There’s an art to everything you do”Stephen Foster Folk Culture Center State Park
In the Upper Suwannee River Valley folks continue to make items for decorative and daily use. As local quilter Nancy Morgan says, "There's an art to everything you do." From christening dresses to gourd birdhouses, handmade items reflect the values, . . . Map (db m230356) HM
94 Florida, Hamilton County, White Springs — The Residents of White Springs
Florida's native Timucuan Indians lived for hundreds of generations in what is now north Florida and southeast Georgia. Beginning in the 1580s, they were organized into mission villages by Spanish Franciscan priests. While exploitation and . . . Map (db m44609) HM
95 Florida, Hamilton County, White Springs — F-24 — White Springs
These sulphur springs were thought to have medicinal properties and were considered sacred by the Indians. Warriors wounded in battle reputedly were not attacked when they came here to recuperate. Settlers moved into the vicinity in 1826 and the . . . Map (db m13675) HM
96 Florida, Hardee County, Zolfo Springs — Seminole Indian Battle
One of the Last Battles fought with the Seminole Nation ended here on June 16, 1856 with Defeat of the Indians by Soldiers from Ft. Meade.Map (db m61059) HM
97 Florida, Hernando County, Bayport — F-789 — Bayport's Early Historic Period/Post Civil War Era
Bayport's Early Historic Period During the First Spanish Period (1565-1763) Florida served as a military defense port. In 1763, under British control, agricultural commerce became important. Control of Florida returned to Spain in 1783. In . . . Map (db m93297) HM
98 Florida, Hernando County, Bayport — F-788 — The Bayport Area Before Human Occupation/Bayport's First People
(side 1) The Bayport Area Before Human Occupation The fossilized remains of many prehistoric animals and plants are buried in the Bayport area. During the Eocene Period, 45 million years ago (MYA), the Gulf covered this region. . . . Map (db m93296) HM
99 Florida, Hernando County, Brooksville — F-802 — Chocochatti
The first colony of Muskogee-speaking Upper Creek Indians from Alabama was established nearby in 1767. British surveyor/naturalist Bernard Romans identified the settlement as "New Yufala, planted in a beautiful and fertile plain." It later became . . . Map (db m93307) HM
100 Florida, Hernando County, Istachatta — 12 — Pressing OnwardFlorida De Soto Trail — July 23, 1539 —
It’s July 23, 1539… Conquistador Hernando de Soto and his advance guard of 12 horsemen have just passed the small Indian village of Vicela… I have decided not to stop here. We must press on further north and reach the chiefdom of . . . Map (db m126575) HM

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Mar. 29, 2024