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Native Americans Topic

 
Angelina Statue image, Touch for more information
By Steve Gustafson, February 5, 2010
Angelina Statue
GEOGRAPHIC SORT
1Texas (Angelina County), Lufkin — Angelina
On North Second Street at Howe Avenue on North Second Street.
In 1690, when Spain's Franciscan Fathers founded Mission San Francisco de los Tejas in East Texas, they found a young Indian girl living with her people beside a stream. The priests found her a willing ally for carrying the Catholic Faith to the . . . — Map (db m27249) HM
2Texas (Armstrong County), Claude — 4366 — Route of Coronado Expedition
On 1st Street (Highway 287) at Trice Street, on the left when traveling west on 1st Street.
Led by Francisco Vazquez de Coronado, this trail-blazing expedition set out from Mexico City in 1541 in search of Cibola, fabled 7 Cities of Gold. Finding only Indian pueblos, Coronado changed his course for Quivira, a supposedly wealthy Indian . . . — Map (db m96835) HM
3Texas (Armstrong County), Claude — 2263 — The Great Panhandle Indian Scare of 1891
On 1st Street (U.S. 287) at Trice Street, on the left when traveling west on 1st Street.
Although most Indians had left the Texas Panhandle by the 1880s, fear of Indian attacks was still prevalent among settlers who arrived in the next decade. On Jan. 29, 1891, rumors of approaching Indians spread throughout the entire region. For three . . . — Map (db m96838) HM
4Texas (Armstrong County), Goodnight — 55 — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
Near County Route 25 0.2 miles south of U.S. 287.
The legacy of Quanah Parker and Charles Goodnight is that former enemies can become good friends Arrow Sculptor: Charles A. Smith — Map (db m151421) HM
5Texas (Armstrong County), Wayside — 69 — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
On Wayside 0.1 miles east of Farm to Market Road 285.
1874 the Comanche, Kiowa & Cheyenne fought Col Mackenzie & 4th Cavalry Palo Duro Canyon 6 mi NW of Wayside Arrow sculptor: Charles A. Smith — Map (db m154185) HM
6Texas (Armstrong County), Wayside — 17440 — The Battle of Red River
Near State Highway 207 2.5 miles north of Farm to Market Road 285. Reported missing.
In the opening battle of the U.S. Army's 1874 Indian campaign against the Southern Plains Indian Tribes, a force of 744 soldiers under Col. Nerlson A. Miles fought a 5-hour running battle with the Cheyenne, Comanche and Kiowa 10 mi. E. of this . . . — Map (db m100514) HM
7Texas (Austin County), Industry — 1941 — Charles Fordtran(May 7, 1801-Nov. 1, 1900)
On SH 159 (State Highway 159) at Hofheinz Road, on the left when traveling west on SH 159.
In Jan. 1831 Charles Fordtran, a German of Huguenot descent, joined the colony of Stephen F. Austin. His first work was to survey land for Austin's partner, Samuel May Williams. He was given a league (4,428.4 acres) as his fee. Soon he brought in . . . — Map (db m146168) HM
8Texas (Bailey County), Enochs — 1103 — Coyote Lake
On FM 746, on the left when traveling south.
One of numerous natural salt lakes in the Texas Panhandle. Its waters, although brackish, have been welcome enough at various times to Indians, buffalo hunters, and thirsty cattle on hot, dry days. The lake, having a shoreline of over six and a . . . — Map (db m153245) HM
9Texas (Bailey County), Muleshoe — 48 — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
On Taylor Street north of West American Boulevard, on the right when traveling north.
Quanah and the Comanche followed Blackwater Draw an ancient trail the wind erased through time Arrow sculptor: Charles A. Smith — Map (db m151416) HM
10Texas (Bandera County), Bandera — 293 — Bandera Pass
On Hwy 173 10.6 miles north of SR 16, on the left when traveling north.
Celebrated Indian pass known from the earliest days of Spanish settlement · Identified with many a frontier fight and many a hostile inroad · Old ranger trail from the Medina to the Guadalupe River and the United States Army route between frontier . . . — Map (db m24384) HM
11Texas (Bandera County), Bandera — 718 — Captain Jack Phillips(1839-1876)
On Main Street (State Highway 16) at Pecan Street, on the right when traveling south on Main Street.
A Bandera County Deputy Sheriff, Capt. Jack Phillips, set out alone on Dec. 29, 1876, on an official visit to Sabinal Canyon. Indians attacked him at Seco Canyon Pass, 22 miles southwest of Bandera. Phillips raced for the nearest settlement. When . . . — Map (db m117712) HM
12Texas (Bandera County), Bandera — 3823 — Old Texas Ranger Trail
On Main Street (State Highway 16) at Pecan Street, on the right when traveling south on Main Street.
This winding, 100-mile trail from San Antonio to Kerrville was, during the 19th century, a strategic patrol road traveled by Texas Rangers to protect the surrounding area from hostile Indian attacks. During uneasy pioneer days roads such as . . . — Map (db m117711) HM
13Texas (Bandera County), Tarpley — 1097 — Cow Camp Massacre on Hondo Creek
On Farm to Market Road 462 2 miles south of County Highway 211, on the left when traveling south.
During the mid-1800s the Texas Hill Country was the site of many hostile encounters, some deadly, between pioneer immigrants whose permanent settlements ran counter to area Native Americans accustomed to unrestrained hunting and gathering. One . . . — Map (db m155608) HM
14Texas (Bastrop County), Bastrop — 9151 — Early History of the City of Bastrop
On Loop State Highway 150 at Park Road 1, on the right when traveling west on State Highway 150.
Long before white men arrived, this region was inhabited by Tonkawa and Comanche Indians. In 1691 the first Spanish explorers crossed this territory en route to east Texas. From their route, parts of “El Camino Real” (the King's . . . — Map (db m126751) HM
15Texas (Bastrop County), Bastrop — 9190 — The Gotier Trace
On Park Road 1 at Loop State Highway 150, on the right when traveling east on Park Road 1.
Originated in 1820s. Crossed the present counties of Austin, Washington, Fayette, Lee, Bastrop; joined San Felipe, capital of Stephen F. Austin's colony, with Bastrop. Marked by James Gotier, a settler who (with several in his family) died in an . . . — Map (db m126807) HM
16Texas (Bastrop County), Cedar Creek — Bluff Trail Overlook
Near Hyatt Lost Pines Road north of Texas Highway 71, on the right when traveling north.
The bluff stands 80 feet above the Colorado River at Wilbarger Bend. Josiah Wilbarger was an early settler whose family owned the land on the opposite side of the river during the 1800s. Josiah was one of a few Texans who were scalped and lived to . . . — Map (db m79096) HM
17Texas (Bastrop County), Elgin — 9171 — Site of the Home of Col. Robert M. Coleman — (1799 -1837) —
On Farm to Market Road 969 0.2 miles west of Upper Elgin River Road (County Route 127), on the right when traveling east.
Signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence Aide-de-camp to Gen. Houston at San Jacinto Commander of a regiment of Rangers 1836-37 Here his widow Mrs. Elizabeth Coleman and son, Albert V. Coleman were killed by Indians and . . . — Map (db m82688) HM
18Texas (Bell County), Salado — 15828 — Salado
On South Main Street (County Route 2268) at Royal Street, on the right when traveling south on South Main Street.
Salado was officially establish in 1859 when Col. E.S.C Robertson donated land for a townsite and for a college. Col. Hermon Aiken drew a plat for the town, which developed along its main street. However, there had been activity here long before . . . — Map (db m79922) HM
19Texas (Bexar County), Helotes — 2432 — Helotes
On Old Bandera Road south of Floore Drive, on the right when traveling north.
According to archeologists, human occupation of the Helotes area dates to about 7000 years before present, when small bands of Nomadic Indians who migrated seasonally in search of food and game camped in this vicinity. Early Texas Pioneer John . . . — Map (db m46922) HM
20Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — Comanche Lookout
Near Nacogdoches Road (Farm to Market Road 2252) at Toepperwein Road, on the right when traveling west.
At an elevation of 1340 feet, Comanche Hill is the fourth highest point in Bexar County. The hill lies on the southeastern edge of the Edwards Plateau and makes up the western edge of the Blackland Prairie. Throughout history this site has provided . . . — Map (db m157297) HM
21Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — Council House
On Main Plaza just north of West Market Street, on the right when traveling north.
Here stood the early Court House, City Council Room, etc., and where occurred the Indian Massacre in 1840, and where the Court was captured in 1842. De Zavala Daughters of the Heroes of Texas. 1924.Map (db m142413) HM
22Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — Founding of the Mission and Origin of Name
Near Alamo Plaza.
The San Antonio de Padua Mission was founded in San Antonio in 1716 by the Franciscan Father, Antonio Olivares, and after merging with the San Francisco Solano Mission in 1718, it was officially founded as the San Antonio de Valero Mission. The . . . — Map (db m9228) HM
23Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — Indian Quarters / Habitaciones de los Indios
In the early years, mission Indians lived in small detached houses called jacales. In 1755, eighty-four of these jacales lined "streets" in what is today the plaza. But after 1768, as conflicts with Apaches and Comanches increased, the . . . — Map (db m32738) HM
24Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — Mission Mill (and Millstone)
Mills were used to grind grain such as corn or wheat into meal or flour for use as food. The grain was poured into the hopper which funneled it through the eye in the top millstone. Water drove the waterwheel which turned the top millstone. The top . . . — Map (db m30749) HM
25Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — Mission San José / La Misión de San José
"It is truthfully the best of the Americas, and not in the like of the others; nor in all the frontier does the King have an outpost better constructed and easier to defend..." Fr. Juan Agustín de Morfi, 1777-78 Mission San José and its . . . — Map (db m33997) HM
26Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — Rose Window / Ventana de Rosa
No one knows why this intricate carving is now called "the Rose Window." Possibly dedicated to Saint Rose, its baroque beauty is entangled in many San Antonio legends that whisper of its mystery. The artistry lavished on the church wall . . . — Map (db m34069) HM
27Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — Ruins of the Habitations of the Friars and Indians
This is the ruins of the habitations of the friars and Indians; refrectory, kitchen and other regular offices. In the second patio there was a gallery with weaving rooms and rooms for storing materials and utensils. The habitations of the . . . — Map (db m30742) HM
28Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — San Antonio Missions / Las misiones de San Antonio
The missions of San Antonio were far more than just churches, they were communities. Each was a fortified village, with its own church, farm, and ranch. Here, Franciscan friars gathered native peoples, converted them to Catholicism, taught them to . . . — Map (db m33990) HM
29Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — San Antonio River Indian Springs
On N. Presa St. at Riverwalk Street on N. Presa St..
On this site are the springs used by the inhabitants of the ancient Indian village and later by Mission San Antonio de Valero and its adjoining pueblo. — Map (db m30555) HM
30Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — 18170 — Spanish and Mexican Land Grants
Near University Way at Verano Parkway.
The Texas A&M University-San Antonio Campus was built on land that once was conveyed by Spanish and Mexican land grants and traversed by several branches of El Camino Real de Tierra Afuera del Oriente (also known as El Camino Real de los Tejas . . . — Map (db m98241) HM
31Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — Spanish Mission and Military Post1724 - 1821
When these buildings were built, Texas was part of the Spanish colony of New Spain. The buildings were part of the Mission San Antonio de Valero, established by Franciscan missionaries in order to convert the Native Americans living in the vicinity . . . — Map (db m30774) HM
32Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — The AlamoA Story Bigger Than Texas — (Long Barrack) —
This is the Long Barrack, the oldest building in San Antonio. It was built in 1724 as a convento or residence for priests and was originally part of the Mission San Antonio de Valero, now known as the Alamo. Since then it has been used as a . . . — Map (db m30743) HM
33Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — The Church / La iglesia
"The church...is a large, beautiful gallery of three vaults with a very pretty cupola...for its size and good taste, it could be the parish church of a great town." Fr. Juan Agustín de Morfi, 1777-78 The church was central to the . . . — Map (db m34077) HM
34Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — The Confluence of Civilizations in the AmericasHemisFair'68 — San Antonio Fair, Inc —
There is something in the nature of man that will not tolerate the unexplored. Always he finds his perimeter of ground too small, and restless stirrings prod his feet until he has gazed from every peak. Following this elusive music hundreds of . . . — Map (db m30215) HM
35Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — The Convento / El convento
"From this roof one can hunt without risk, in comfort and with good success. I saw so many ducks, geese, and cranes in a nearby field that, as I said, they covered the ground, and so close to the house that it would be impossible to miss the . . . — Map (db m34065) HM
36Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — The Mission Period1716 - 1793
This region was inhabited by native peoples from early times. Among them were the Payayas, who lived along a river they called Yanaguana. On June 13, 1691, Franciscan Father Damián Massanet arrived and christened the river San Antonio de Padua in . . . — Map (db m31015) HM
37Texas (Bexar County), San Antonio — The San Antonio River
Near Lexington Avenue north of Avenue A, on the right when traveling north.
The San Antonio River begins four miles north of here, fed by springs that rise from the Edwards Aquifer deep below the Texas Hill Country. The river is also fed by tributaries along its winding, southeasterly course to join the Guadalupe River . . . — Map (db m119617) HM
38Texas (Blanco County), Johnson City — 6386 — Thomas C. and Eliza V. Felps
Born in Tennessee in 1836, Thomas C. Felps came to Texas in 1850 and to this area in 1856. He earned a living by freighting and joined the Blanco County Rangers during the Civil War. In 1863 he married Eliza V. White (b. 1846), a native of Ohio. . . . — Map (db m131395) HM
39Texas (Borden County), Gail — 18056 — Mushaway Peak(4 miles southeast)
On U.S. 180 at County Road 403, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 180.
Shown on maps as Mucha Que, Mucha Kowa, Muchakooga, de Cordova, or Signal Hill, this peak rises to an elevation of 2862 feet. Its name is of Native American origin. About 1872, it was the site of a village where Apaches and Comanches traded with . . . — Map (db m127256) HM
40Texas (Brazoria County), Jones Creek — 9569 — Battle of Jones Creek
On State Highway 36 at Gulf Prairie Road, on the right when traveling east on State Highway 36.
Fought by Texan army of 23 men under Capt. Randal Jones (1786-1873), sent out 1824 by Stephen F. Austin to the Lower Brazos to fight cannibal Karankawa Indians. Scouts found the camp here. Attack at dawn found Indians ready with spears. Jones’ . . . — Map (db m90241) HM
41Texas (Brewster County), Alpine — 570 — Burgess' Water Hole
Near N. Harrison St..
Called San Lorenzo by Juan Domínguez de Mendoza, 1684. Later Charco de Alzate in honor of an Apache chieftain. After Civil War given name of Burgess' water hole honoring John W. Burgess, pioneer freighter, who here outwitted the Apaches. The . . . — Map (db m26390) HM
42Texas (Brewster County), Alpine — Early Spanish EntradasBig Bend Snapshot History
On U.S. 67/90 at Paso del Norte Road on U.S. 67/90.
1475 CE* 1492 - Columbus lands on San Salvador Island in the Caribbean West Indies 1497 - John Cabot, first known English party to land in North America, northeast Canada 1521 - Hernán Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire 1528 - Panfilo de Narváez . . . — Map (db m160836) HM
43Texas (Brewster County), Big Bend National Park — 994 — Comanche Trail
On U.S. 385.
You are now traveling the Comanche Trail blazed by Comanche Indians, en route from the western plains to Mexico, and traveled later by emigrants and soldiers. It extended south from the Horse Head Crossing of the Pecos by Comanche Springs . . . — Map (db m53931) HM
44Texas (Brewster County), Big Bend National Park — Rock Art at Hot Springs
Near Hot Springs Road 1.5 miles from Rio Grande Village Drive, on the left when traveling south.
When J.O. Langford homesteaded this section in 1909, he was moving into an area that had long been inhabited by native Americans. Walk this trail to view pictograph and petroglyphs created by prehistoric people hundreds or even thousands of years . . . — Map (db m53936) HM
45Texas (Brewster County), Marathon — 1258 — Double Mills
On U.S. 385, on the right when traveling south.
A natural watering place in prehistoric time, as evidenced by artifacts found here. Used later by Indians and Spaniards on roads from northern Mexico. As Maravillas Creek developed from a draw into water channel, old water hole vanished. About . . . — Map (db m53933) HM
46Texas (Brewster County), Marathon — 2003 — Fort Peña Colorado (Red Rock)
On Post Road.
Established in 1880 as a means of preventing Indian raids into Mexico. Raided by Apaches in 1881. Abandoned in 1893 after Western Texas had been permanently cleared of Indians. — Map (db m73723) HM
47Texas (Brewster County), Marathon — 3201 — Marathon
On U.S. 90.
Fort Peña Colorado, the last active fort in this area, on the old Comanche Trail, about 4 miles to the southwest was established in 1879. Marathon was founded in 1881. Named by an old sea captain, A.E. Shepard, for the Plain of Marathon, in . . . — Map (db m26436) HM
48Texas (Brewster County), Terlingua — Quicksilverthe Terlingua Mining District
On Farm to Market Road 170 0.7 miles west of SE Longdraw, on the right when traveling west.
Mercury, or Quicksilver, is derived from a red-colored ore known as cinnabar. Cinnabar (sample at left) was used by Native-Americans as a durable pigment, and there are many places in Big Bend where traces of ancient drawings . . . — Map (db m111500) HM
49Texas (Briscoe County), Quitaque — 673 — Camp Resolutionof the Texan Santa Fe expedition
On Ranch to Market Road 1065 0.4 miles south of Farm to Market Road 689, on the left when traveling south.
In an effort to establish a western trade route and expand Texas jurisdiction, Republic of Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar sent an expedition of merchants, along with a military escort, to Santa Fe in 1841. The group left Brushy Creek north of . . . — Map (db m155171) HM
50Texas (Briscoe County), Quitaque — 49 — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
On Main Street (State Highway 86) east of Cottonwood Street, on the right when traveling east.
Comanches traded with Comancheros SW in the Valley of Tears between Los Lingos and Cottonwood Creeks Arrow Sculptor: Charles A Smith — Map (db m151468) HM
51Texas (Briscoe County), Quitaque — 53 — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
On State Highway 86 0.2 miles east of County Highway 22, on the right when traveling east.
Comanche guides led early explorers Pedro Vial, Jose Mares & Francisco Armangual through this area 1787-1808 Arrow sculptor: Charles A. Smith — Map (db m155175) HM
52Texas (Briscoe County), Silverton — 50 — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
On TX 86, on the left when traveling east.
Comanches & their allies skirmished with Col. R.S. Mackenzie's 4th Cavalry West of Silverton, Sept. 26-27, 1874 Arrow Sculptor: Charles A.Smith — Map (db m151625) HM
53Texas (Burnet County), Burnet — 9719 — Holland Springs — (300 Yards West) —
On CR-340 0.1 miles south of 340A, on the right when traveling south.
Indians had probably visited these clear, cool springs for centuries when, in 1847, Henry E. McCulloch established a Ranger camp here, on Hamilton Creek. A year later, Samuel E. Holland (1826-1917), a Georgian, decided while visiting the camp that . . . — Map (db m27533) HM
54Texas (Burnet County), Burnet — 9724 — Longhorn Caverns
Near Park Rd 4 S.
Rich in history and folklore. A young geologic formation, only a few million years old. Bones of elephant, bison, bear, deer, other animals have been found here. When white men came to area in 1840's, Indians knew the caverns; Rangers once found and . . . — Map (db m27594) HM
55Texas (Burnet County), Burnet — 9757 — Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wolf
Near CR-103 just west of U.S. 281.
Jacob Wolf (1812-1874) and wife Adeline Faulkner Wolf (1814-1870) came from Tennessee to Texas about 1850. Obtaining land grant in Burnet County, they settled at Dobyville, and were pioneers, supplying their own provisions, buildings, medicines, and . . . — Map (db m27738) HM
56Texas (Caldwell County), Lockhart — 9783 — Battle of Plum Creek
On Route 183, on the right when traveling north.
The harsh anti-Indian policies of President Mirabeau B. Lamar and Mexican efforts to weaken the Republic of Texas stirred Indian hostilities. Hatred increased after the Council House Fight in San Antonio, March 19, 1840, where 12 Comanche chiefs . . . — Map (db m64063) HM
57Texas (Calhoun County), Port Lavaca — 18201 — Original Mission Refugio
On State Highway 35 1.6 miles west of State Highway 185, on the left when traveling west.
In 1791, Spaniard priests Manuel De Silva and Joseph Francisco Mariano Garza endeavored to spread the doctrines of Christianity among the native tribes along the Gulf Coast, now called Karankawa, with the added benefit of giving Spain a foothold . . . — Map (db m117448) HM
58Texas (Calhoun County), Port Lavaca — 3091 — Site of the Town of Linnville
On Farm to Market Road 1090 1.8 miles west of Texas Highway 35, on the right when traveling north.
. . . — Map (db m75088) HM
59Texas (Callahan County), Baird — Baby Treaty Oak
Near 4th Street (Business Interstate 20) at Market Street, on the right when traveling west.
Planted on April 26, 2003, this oak tree is a direct offspring from the famous Treaty Oak in Austin, Texas where Stephen F. Austin is reputed to have signed the treaty establishing the boundary between the Native Americans and the first Anglo . . . — Map (db m80851) HM
60Texas (Carson County), Panhandle — 54 — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
On US 60, on the right when traveling east.
Quanah Parker Comanche Chief. Honored in Red River war exhibit Carson County Square House Museum Arrow sculptor: Charles A. Smith — Map (db m154107) HM
61Texas (Castro County), Dimmitt — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
On East Bedford Street east of Broadway, on the right when traveling east.
Comanches used Running Water & Frio Draws in this area as trailways for hunting & trade with Comancheros Arrow Sculptor: Charles A Smith — Map (db m99773) HM
62Texas (Chambers County), Wallisville — 9083 — Joseph Blancpain's French Trading Post
On Feeder Road to Intersate-10 0.3 miles west of Wallisville Liberty Road, on the right when traveling east.
French trader Joseph Blancpain established a trading post in this vicinity in August 1754. He had been living in Natchitoches, Louisiana, where he was the owner of a mercantile store. With a small group of men, Blancpain arrived in August and . . . — Map (db m117185) HM
63Texas (Chambers County), Wallisville — 9127 — Mission Nuestra Señora de la Luz
On Feeder Road to Interstate 10 0.3 miles west of Wallisville Liberty Road, on the right when traveling east.
. . . — Map (db m117187) HM
64Texas (Chambers County), Wallisville — 9128 — Mission Nuestra Senora de la Luz del Orcoquisac and Presidio San Agustin de Ahumada
On Feeder Road to Interstate 10 0.3 miles west of Wallisville Liberty Road, on the right when traveling east.
Two of the most misfortune-ridden outposts of Spain in Texas, “Our Lady of the Light” mission and its auxiliary fort, were founded near here in 1756 to guard against French encroachment from the east. The two friars who were to . . . — Map (db m117186) HM
65Texas (Cherokee County), Alto — 12568 — Chief Bowles' Last Homesite
On U.S. 69 at County Road 2405, on the right when traveling south on U.S. 69.
In 1836, General Sam Houston negotiated a treaty with the Cherokees in Texas allowing possession of the lands they occupied in east Texas. The leading figure among the Cherokees at that time was Duwali (also known as Bowl, Chief Bowles and Bold . . . — Map (db m40654) HM
66Texas (Cherokee County), Alto — 6971 — Mound Prairie
On State Highway 21 6.2 miles west of Marcus Street (U.S. 69), on the right when traveling east.
Bulging out of the earth a few yards from this point, three prehistoric Indian mounds interrupt the prevailing flat terrain. Long overgrown with grass, the mounds and adjacent village (covering about 100 acres) constitute one of the major aboriginal . . . — Map (db m121333) HM
67Texas (Cherokee County), Alto — 15628 — Site of Mission San Francisco de los Tejas
On State Highway 21 0.2 miles east of County Road 2807, on the left when traveling east.
Originally established as Mission San Francisco de los Tejas in 1690 by Franciscan missionaries for the purpose of Christianizing and civilizing the Neches and other Indians of the region. Reestablished in 1716. Abandoned temporarily due to French . . . — Map (db m121257) HM
68Texas (Cherokee County), Alto — 6860 — Site of Neches Indian Village
On State Highway 21, on the right when traveling east. Reported permanently removed.
Here at the opening of the 18th century stood a village of the Neches Indians. Their name was given to the river and later to a mission, San Francisco de Los Neches, established near by. With the Cherokees, the Neches Indians were expelled from . . . — Map (db m121335) HM
69Texas (Cherokee County), Alto — 6646 — Site of the Delaware Indian Village
On State Highway 21 1.4 miles west of Marcus Street (U.S. 69), on the right when traveling east.
Noted as interpreters and messengers of peace, the Delawares were chiefly instrumental in bringing other tribes to the General Treaty at Bird's Fort (in the present county of Tarrant) in 1843. — Map (db m121258) HM
70Texas (Cherokee County), Jacksonville — 6965 — Love's Lookout
Near U.S. 69 near Lookout Valley Road.
On this nine mile long ridge there are two historic lookout points which command a view of 30 to 35 miles. Between this site, with an elevation of 713 ft., and Point Lookout (1/4 mi. NW), lies a narrow valley. An Indian trail and later a pioneer . . . — Map (db m31698) HM
71Texas (Cherokee County), Rusk — 6627 — Cherokee County
On East Sixth Street (U.S. 84) west of Henderson Avenue, on the left when traveling west.
Cherokee County has a rich and varied history. Spanish and French explorers of the seventeenth century found Tejas and Hasinai Indians living in this area, and Spanish missions were established in the region. Driven out of the United States, . . . — Map (db m40634) HM
72Texas (Cherokee County), Rusk — 6847 — Little Bean's Cherokee Village
On U.S. 84 0.2 miles west of Farm to Market Road 347, on the right when traveling west.
In the winter of 1819-1820 Chief John Bowles led about sixty Cherokee families from Arkansas to East Texas. Near this site a small settlement of about six families was established by a Cherokee leader named Little Bean. They remained until 1839, . . . — Map (db m128988) HM
73Texas (Coke County), Blackwell — 2637 — Indian Rock Shelters
On U.S. 277 0.2 miles south of McDonald Road, on the right when traveling north.
Throughout this area during the last several centuries, rock ledges gave protection to Lipan, Kickapoo, Comanche, and Kiowa Indians. In one typical shelter archeologists found evidence of 3 periods of occupation, plus numerous intricate petroglyphs . . . — Map (db m77615) HM
74Texas (Coke County), Robert Lee — 4671 — Natural Landmark Shelving Rock(8 mi. W. on Private Land)
On Farm to Market Road 2034 at Walnut Road, on the right when traveling west on Road 2034.
Archeological findings at an overhanging rock ledge on Walnut Creek show that the spot, midway between the Colorado and North Concho Rivers, was for hundreds of years campsite or village of nomadic Indians who sought the shelter, running water, . . . — Map (db m95932) HM
75Texas (Coke County), Robert Lee — 4558 — Sanco(Originally Located 1 Mile East)
On Sanco Loop 2.1 miles east of Texas Highway 208, on the right when traveling west.
On site of prehistoric Indian camps, in area where in 1850's Fort Chadbourne soldiers often skirmished with Indians.      One of the first settlements and second pioneer post office (established 1888) in county.      Named for the Comanche Chief . . . — Map (db m82994) HM
76Texas (Collingsworth County), Wellington — 27 — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
Near U.S. 83, on the left when traveling north.
Comanches once hunted Buffalo on Salt Fork of the Red and Buck Creek in present day Collingsworth Co. Arrow Sculptor: Charles A Smith — Map (db m152673) HM
77Texas (Colorado County), Columbus — 4199 — The Rangers of Austin's Colony
On Spring Street, on the right when traveling west.
By March 1822, Stephen F. Austin had attracted about 150 colonists to Texas. The pioneers faced many hardships, including concern for their protection form Indians along the Colorado and Brazos rivers. In December of that year, Trespalacios, the . . . — Map (db m29767) HM
78Texas (Colorado County), Columbus — 15368 — Tumlinson Family
On Spring Street, on the right when traveling west.
John (1776-1823) and Elizabeth Plemmons (1778-1829) Tumlinson were born in Lincoln County, North Carolina and lived in Tennessee, Illinois, and Arkansas before coming to Texas with their seven children as members of Austin's Old Three Hundred . . . — Map (db m29965) HM
79Texas (Comanche County), Comanche — 989 — Comanche County
On West Central Avenue (U.S. 67/377) near Texas Highway 36, on the right when traveling west.
First settled in 1854 by five families, the county, created and organized 1856, was named for Comanche Indians, Lords of Texas frontier, who were losing hunting grounds to settlers. First county seat was Cora. Comanche has been county seat . . . — Map (db m98274) HM
80Texas (Comanche County), Comanche — 1911 — Fleming Oak
On Central Avenue (U.S. 67/377) at Houston Street, on the right when traveling west on Central Avenue.
Camped here in 1854 with his father, young Martin V. Fleming hid behind this tree and saved himself when hostile Indians rode through the grove. Years later paving contractors started to cut the oak, but were stopped by "Uncle Mart" with his . . . — Map (db m72294) HM
81Texas (Comanche County), Comanche — 2635 — Indian Raid in Comanche
On Central Avenue (U.S. 67/277) at Houston Street, on the right when traveling west on Central Avenue.
One of boldest depredations in Texas history, made in May 1861, during the "Bright Moon." A braying mule wakened town after nearly all horses were stolen. Citizens spent rest of night molding bullets. Pursuit began at dawn, under command of . . . — Map (db m72295) HM
82Texas (Comanche County), Comanche — The Bison (American Buffalo)
On North Austin Street at West Central Avenue, on the left when traveling north on North Austin Street.
The buffalo were essential to the plains Indians. Native Americans used the bison for food and clothing, shelter, tools and ceremonial implements - nearly everything to survive physically and spiritually. Before their near extermination, an . . . — Map (db m125929) HM
83Texas (Cooke County), Gainesville — 1054 — Cooke County C.S.A. / 2nd Frontier Regiment
On West California Street (Farm to Market Road 51) west of Frontage Interstate 35 Frontage Road, on the right when traveling west.
Front Cooke County C.S.A. Military, defense center in Civil War. Cooke voted 231 to 137 anti-secession, yet nine military units served Confederacy from here. In constant danger of Federal or Indian attack. Col. Wm. . . . — Map (db m121778) HM
84Texas (Cooke County), Oak Ridge — 2097 — Gainesville
Near U.S. 82 east of Parkside Circle when traveling west.
Founded 1850. Named for Gen. Edmund P. Gaines, who in 1836 aided Republic of Texas. Military supply headquarters during Civil War. Important in defense against Indian attacks and invasion. Center for agriculture, industry, oil. Home of famed . . . — Map (db m97591) HM
85Texas (Cooke County), Oak Ridge — 5316 — The Cross Timbers
Near U.S. 82 at Pauls Lane when traveling east.
Two long, narrow strips of timber extending parallel to each other from Oklahoma to Central Texas; form a marked contrast to adjacent prairie. The more fertile East Cross Timbers begin here in Cooke County. Area was famous pioneer landmark as well . . . — Map (db m97590) HM
86Texas (Cooke County), Valley View — 2958 — Kiowa Raid of 1868(SW Part of County)
On Interstate 35 at milepost 490, 2.8 miles north of East Obuch Street (Farm to Market Road 922), on the right when traveling north.
On Jan. 5-6, 1868, Chief Big Tree and 150 to 200 Kiowas raided Willa Walla Valley, Clear Creek and Blocker Creek. Burned homes; killed 13 people; scalped one woman alive. Captured 10 women and children; 3 escaped, 2 were ransomed. Raiders reached . . . — Map (db m121774) HM
87Texas (Coryell County), Evant — 369 — Benjamin F. Gholson(Nov. 17, 1842 - April 3, 1932)
Near Langford Cove Road at Sheldon Road, on the right when traveling south.
Born in Falls County. Son of early Texas settlers Albert G. and Elidia Anderson Gholson.      After 1858-1859 service with Texas Rangers, he re-enlisted in company under Capt. J.M. Smith, and in 1860 aided in the rescue of Cynthia Ann Parker, . . . — Map (db m89697) HM
88Texas (Cottle County), Paducah — 7 — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
On 7th Street north of Richards Street, on the left when traveling north.
Quanah's tie to Paducah: cousin Charlie Hart – chore boy, trusted friend & Burnetts' Ranch manager Arrow sculptor: Charles A. Smith — Map (db m155161) HM
89Texas (Crane County), Crane — 755 — Castle Mountain(2 mi. East)
On U.S. 385 7.2 miles south of 6th Street, on the left when traveling south. Reported missing.
About 3,000 ft. elevation. Since 17th century, a landmark in travel from Texas points to Mexico and California. According to tradition, named by Spaniards for resemblance to ancient castles. Has associations with stories of lost trains of gold and . . . — Map (db m73300) HM
90Texas (Crane County), Crane — 2871 — Juan Cordona Lake(11 Miles Southwest)
On West 6th Street (State Highway 329) east of South Sue Street, on the right when traveling east.
A natural salt deposit, known and used for the past 300 years. On land grant from Mexico to Juan Cordova; name, misread on maps, is now unique to lake. Apaches were encountered here by explorers in 1683. From days of early settlers, Mexicans . . . — Map (db m118270) HM
91Texas (Crosby County), Crosbyton — 2477 — Henry Clay Smith(1836-1912) — High Plains Pioneer —
On West Main Street at South Berkshire Avenue, on the right when traveling east on West Main Street.
First to set up a post office and to farm in Crosby County; first to break land and drill a water well on High Plains. At start of Civil War, he was miner at Pinos Altos, New Mexico and joined in moves to take gold and silver mines for South. . . . — Map (db m105193) HM
92Texas (Crosby County), Crosbyton — 3190 — Main Supply Camp on Historic Mackenzie Trail(3 mi. SE)
On U.S. 82 at Farm to Market Road 2591, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 82.
Trail followed by Gen. Ranald Mackenzie, U.S. 4th Cavalry in 1871 frontier campaign. He camped at Dewey Lake after brush with Indians. In 1872, he was again ordered to ferret out the Comanches. From his main supply camp on Brazos River . . . — Map (db m105160) HM
93Texas (Crosby County), Crosbyton — 5267 — Texas Ranger Campsite(one mile north)
On U.S. 82 at Farm to Market Road 2591, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 82.
Law and order for Plains area began here in 1879 with creation of Camp Roberts, first ranger station in Panhandle. Company C of the newly formed Frontier Battalion of Texas Rangers was located here and commanded by Capt. G. W. Arrington, Civil War . . . — Map (db m105161) HM
94Texas (Culberson County), Van Horn — 7936 — Figure 2 Ranch
On State Highway 54 30 miles north of Interstate 10, on the left when traveling north.
The lands which now lie within the boundaries of the Figure 2 Ranch were occupied in the 19th century by nomadic Native American tribes. One of the last battles between Texas Rangers and Apache Indians occurred in the mountains west of this site in . . . — Map (db m52722) HM
95Texas (Culberson County), Van Horn — 7926 — Van Horn Wells(One-Half Mile West)
On U.S. 90 10.5 miles south of Interstate 10, on the right when traveling south.
Only dependable water supply in miles of arid terrain. Used by Indians for centuries. Named for either Maj. Jefferson Van Horne (who passed here en route to establish fort at El Paso, in 1849), or for Lt. J.J. Van Horn (stationed here to fight . . . — Map (db m73296) HM
96Texas (Dallas County), Coppell — Houston Campsite Oak
On Park Road south of W Bethel Road when traveling south.
In 1843, Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas, and fellow travelers camped under this and other oak trees at these springs and met with local Indian tribes, attempting to negotiate a peace treaty. The treaty, signed several months . . . — Map (db m147427) HM
97Texas (Dallas County), Duncanville — 6814 — Penn Springs
On Penn Springs Drive at W. Danieldale Road, on the left when traveling south on Penn Springs Drive.
This area was an important early campsite and watering spot for Indians and pioneer settlers. Two springs formed a natural pool which served as a landmark for wagon trains and cattle drives on the Shawnee Trail. In the 1850s the site was settled . . . — Map (db m154570) HM
98Texas (Dallas County), Richardson — McKamy Spring
On Brick Road 0.2 miles north of East Spring Valley Road, on the right when traveling north.
Before any European or American settlers entered Texas, Native American tribes passed through the Richardson area and likely camped around what is now known as McKamy Spring. These tribes met with settlers, one of the friendliest being the Yoiuane . . . — Map (db m127290) HM
99Texas (Deaf Smith County), Hereford — 43 — Quanah Parker Trail
On E Park Street, on the right when traveling west.
Comanches & Kiowas hunted Summer and Fall in this area due to its good water, tall grass & wild game Arrow sculptor: Charles A. Smith — Map (db m155114) HM
100Texas (Deaf Smith County), Hereford — 44 — Quanah Parker TrailTexas Plains Trail Region
On East 3rd Street, on the left when traveling east.
Comanches Kiowas & other Indians left tepee rings & arrowheads near Tierra Blanca & Palo Duro Creeks Arrow sculptor: Charles A. Smith Foundation Provided by Dan & Sharon Eytcheson – Owners Hereford Heritage Funeral Home Project by . . . — Map (db m155115) HM

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Nov. 25, 2020