1 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1607 — John Smith —

The first permanent English colonists come to the New World in three small ships; the Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery. After settling at what is now Jamestown, Virginia Captain Smith becomes their leader. — — Map (db m112727) HM

2 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1631 — Transportation Walk —

America's first ferry-man Edward Converse is paid one or two pence a person, six pence per pig and extra monies to run the ferry at night across the Charles River between Boston and Charlestown. — — Map (db m112728) HM

3 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1775 — Transportation Walk —

America's First Submarine, the Turtle, is built by David Bushnell to break the British blockade of New York. The driver uses a hand driven propeller to move it beneath its target. — — Map (db m112730) HM

4 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1775 — Transportation Walk —

Daniel Boone follows the Warriors' Path and blazes the Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap. From 1775 to 1810, over 200,000 settlers move west through the Gap. — — Map (db m112731) HM

5 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1786 — Elias Hasket Derby —

The first American trading ship arrives at the port of Canton, China. Following the American Revolution, merchant Elias Derby's ships make 45 voyages to new markets in the East Indies and China. — — Map (db m112729) HM

6 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1804-1806 — Meriwether Lewis, William Clark —

Lewis, Clark and the Corps of Discovery seek the "shortest and most convenient route to the Pacific." Their versatile 55 foot keelboat can be rowed, poled, sailed or pulled up the Missouri River and carry 10 tons of supplies. — — Map (db m112732) HM

7 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1804-1806 — Sacagawea —

A Shoshone Indian woman, Sacagawea, accompanies Lewis and Clark as an interpreter and enables the expedition to purchase horses. Clark calls her his "pilot" through the Rockies. — — Map (db m112733) HM

8 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1806 — Thomas Jefferson —

Better roads link the nation and enable people and goods to move inland. In 1806, Thomas Jefferson signs the law authorizing the construction of the first federal highway, the National Road. — — Map (db m112734) HM

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9 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1817 — Transportation Walk — Reported unreadable

Captain Henry M. Shreve designs a shallow hull and high-pressure engine so steamboats can navigate upriver to Western Waters. His Washington makes the round trip between Louisville and New Orleans in 41 days. — — Map (db m112741) HM

10 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1825 — DeWitt Clinton —

The 363-mile Erie Canal, promoted by New York governor Clinton, opens. Settlers move west and the cost to move goods east decreases 90%. New York becomes the busiest port in America. — — Map (db m112743) HM

11 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1827 — Transportation Walk —

New York City's first public transportation route operates the 12-seat stagecoach Accommodation. By 1832, horses pull metal-wheel street railway cars on metal tracks. — — Map (db m112744) HM

12 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1830 — John B. Jervis —

Chief engineer Jervis designs the steam engine Experiment for the Mohawk & Hudson Railroad. The first free-swinging four-wheel front truck becomes the standard American design and enables speeds of 80 miles per hour. — — Map (db m112739) HM

13 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1830 — Transportation Walk —

Peter Cooper races his steam locomotive Tom Thumb against the horse-drawn B&O Railroad. Within a year, the B&O is an all-steam railroad. — — Map (db m112742) HM

14 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1830 / 1899 — Reported permanently removed

1830. There are 23 miles of railroad tracks in the United States. 1899. There are 186,000 miles of railroad tracks in the United States. — — Map (db m112750) HM

15 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1830 / 1899 —

1830. There are 23 miles of railroad track in the United States. 1899. There are 186,000 miles of railroad track in the United States. — — Map (db m213298) HM

16 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1833 — Joseph Walker —

Trappers gain early knowledge of routes through the West. After years in the mountains, Walker leads the first party overland to the Great Salt Lake and then the Yosemite Valley. — — Map (db m112745) HM

17 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1837 — Transportation Walk —

John Ericsson's steam driven screw propeller is more efficient than the paddle wheel and is still used today. In 1862 he applies this and other improvements to his design of the ironclad Monitor. — — Map (db m112748) HM

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18 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1840-1950 — Reported permanently removed

Enslaved and free African-Americans were the primary railroad builders in the South before and after the Civil War. For generations, railroad companies employed more African-Americans than any other industry in the U.S. — — Map (db m112740) HM

19 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1840-1950 —

Enslaved African Americans and free Blacks were the primary railroad builders in the antebellum South before and after the Civil War. Railroad companies employed more Blacks than any other industry. — — Map (db m170381) HM

20 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1860 — Johnny Fry —

For 19 months, until the telegraph replaced it, the Pony Express provides the fastest mail service to California. Fry rides the first leg in and out of St. Joseph, Missouri. The mail reaches Sacramento in 10 days. — — Map (db m112747) HM

21 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1865-1869 — Reported permanently removed

Chinese were hired to do the dangerous work of blasting and laying ties over the treacherous High Sierras. Comprising nearly 80% of Central Pacific's workforce, their contributions made possible the Transcontinental Railroad. — — Map (db m112738) HM

22 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1865-1869 —

Chinese and Irish immigrants built about 2,000 miles of track. The 12,000 Chinese were nearly 80% of Central Pacific's workforce. Their hard work and ingenuity to tunnel through the Sierras made possible the Transcontinental Railroad. — — Map (db m170380) HM

23 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1869 — Theodore Judah — Reported permanently removed

Theodore Judah's lobbying and surveying efforts are rewarded when the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads are joined at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. — — Map (db m112749) HM

24 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1869 — Theodore Judah —

Theodore Judah's lobbying and surveying efforts are rewarded when the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads are joined at Promontory Point, Utah. — — Map (db m170383) HM

25 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1873 — Transportation Walk —

At 4 in the morning, Andrew Smith Hallidie successfully tests the cable car in San Francisco, the first to be put in regular service. Moving cables pull the cars up and down steep hills. — — Map (db m112753) HM

26 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1886 — Transportation Walk —

The first successful electric trolley is established in Montgomery, Alabama. Rapidly adopted, trolleys enable the upper middle class to move to the suburbs. Today, some American cities are choosing fast, clean and commercial light rail systems. — — Map (db m112751) HM

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27 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1891 — Transportation Walk —

Many inventors apply their skills to horseless carriages. John Lamberi produces America's first gasoline powered car. Only later will cars be mass-produced. — — Map (db m112755) HM

28 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1895 — J. Frank Duryea —

J. Frank Duryea wins the first auto race in America. He and his brother found the first company in America to sell gas-powered cars. — — Map (db m112752) HM

29 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1897 — 25th Infantry Bicycle Corps —

Twenty African-American soldiers cycle 1,400 miles from Ft. Missoula, Montana to St. Louis, Missouri in 40 days to test the new "safety" bicycle as a transportation alternative to the horse. — — Map (db m112754) HM

30 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1898 — John Holland —

Holland launches the first practical submarine. Purchased by the Navy in 1900 as the USS Holland (SS-1), it uses a gasoline engine on the surface and is battery-powered under water. — — Map (db m112756) HM

31 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1900 / 1920 —

1900 Americans own 8,000 cars but there are only 10 miles of concrete paved roads. 1920 Americans own 8 million cars. Roughly 10% or 369,000 miles of roads are surfaced. — — Map (db m112771) HM

32 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1901 — Transportation Walk — Reported unreadable

Oscar Hedstrom designs the first American-made motorcycle the Indian for the Hendee Manufacturing Co. — — Map (db m112758) HM

33 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1903 — Orville Wright / Wilbur Wright —

Wilbur becomes interested in mechanical flight in 1896. After experimenting with gliders, he and Orville develop and patent principles of airplane control that are still used today. — — Map (db m112759) HM

34 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1903 — Transportation Walk —

Orville Wright pilots the first powered flight, lasting 12 seconds. The heavier-than-air plane takes off from the ground, flies 120 feet, and reaches an altitude of 10 feet. He and his brother Wilbur each make two flights that day. — — Map (db m112760) HM

35 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1908 — Elmer Sperry —

Sperry develops a gyrostabilizer then gyrocompass, then the gyroscopic-guided automatic pilot, which keeps ships, airplanes, and now spacecraft on course. — — Map (db m112761) HM

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36 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1911 — Charles Kettering —

Kettering perfects a workable electric starter at his lab in Dayton. First installed in 1912 Cadillacs, it means the end of difficult and dangerous hand cranking; and enables more women to drive. — — Map (db m112768) HM

37 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1911 — Harriet Quimby —

Journalist Quimby becomes the first American woman to receive a pilot's license, and also the first woman to make a nighttime flight and fly the English Channel. — — Map (db m112770) HM

38 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1913 — Transportation Walk — Reported unreadable

While Mercedes have been made since 1908, Ford initiates mass production of cars the Model T rolls off the new assembly line. The line's efficiency will make cars affordable to working people. — — Map (db m131715) HM

39 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1919 — Transportation Walk —

Alexander Graham Bell and Casey Baldwin experiment on a boat that runs above water on wing-like structures called hydrofoils. Model HD-4 sets a water speed record of 70 mph. — — Map (db m112769) HM

40 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1922 — Transportation Walk —

William and Frank Fageol manufacture the Safety Coach, the first purpose-built bus, for inter-city travel. In 1927, their Twin Coach, the first dual-motored streetcar type urban transit bus, uses the whole length to carry passengers. — — Map (db m112773) HM

41 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1923 — Garrett Morgan —

Morgan is granted the first US patent for a traffic signal to regulate vehicles and pedestrians in urban areas. The inexpensive, manually operated devise is used throughout North America. — — Map (db m112772) HM

42 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1925 — Transportation Walk —

When planes are unable to fly, dogs still get through. Twenty dog drivers participate in the Serum Run, a relay which brings diphtheria serum to affected Alaskan villages. — — Map (db m112776) HM

43 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1926 — Robert Goddard —

Among his many firsts, pioneer of space flight Robert Goddard constructs and launches the first liquid fuel rocket. — — Map (db m112774) HM

44 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1927 — Charles Lindbergh —

Lindbergh makes the first non-stop, solo transatlantic flight. It takes 33 hours and 30 minutes in the specially built Spirit of St. Louis. He wins the $25,000 Orteig prize. — — Map (db m112775) HM

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45 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1932 — Amelia Earhart —

On the fifth anniversary of Lindbergh's flight, Earhart becomes the first woman and second person to make the solo flight across the Atlantic. Her Vega lands in Ireland after 14 hours 50 minutes. — — Map (db m112777) HM

46 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1932 — Transportation Walk — Reported unreadable

Viktor Eckengest longest designs a cab over engine back. Trucks can carry more cargo despite length limitations and the engine is more accessible for servicing. — — Map (db m131717) HM

47 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1937 — A. Phillip Randolph —

Pullman porters make the trip comfortable for long distance train travelers. Randolph organizes the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925 and wins its first major contract with the Pullman Company in 1937. — — Map (db m112943) HM

48 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1947 — Chuck Yeager —

Test pilot Capt. Chuck Yeager flies the Bell X-1 jet Glamorous Glennis at Mach 1.06, the first time a plane exceeds the speed of sound. — — Map (db m131690) HM

49 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1956 — Transportation Walk —

The first containerized shipment travels from Newark, New Jersey to Houston, Texas. Loading full trailer bodies onto ships rather than loading and unloading the cargo revolutionizes shipping. — — Map (db m112716) HM

50 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1956 — Dwight Eisenhower —

President Eisenhower signs bills authorizing the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. 42,500 miles of new high-speed limited access highways create a nationwide transportation network. — — Map (db m113623) HM

51 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1956 — Gladys B. West —

Dr. Gladys B. West paved the way for the Global Positioning System (GPS) that has revolutionized global society. She is a pioneer in the use of complex mathematical programming to generate accurate models of the earth's shape. Dr. . . . — — Map (db m213297) HM

52 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1958 — Transportation Walk —

The Boeing 707 enters commercial service and an era of increased passenger travel begins. It is the first jet aircraft to provide commercial service carrying over 180 passengers. — — Map (db m112717) HM

53 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1960 / 2000 —

1960. Americans own over 61 million cars. There are 1,230,000 miles of paved roads. 2000. More than 130 million cars are registered. There are over 2,500,000 miles of paved roads. — — Map (db m113624) HM

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54 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1962 — John Glenn, Jr. —

John Glenn. Jr. makes three orbits of earth during America's first manned orbit of space flight in the Mercury Atlas 6 Friendship 7. — — Map (db m113621) HM

55 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1966 — Transportation Walk —

Pan Am's Juan Trippe works with Boeing to develop the wide-body 747. Jumbo jets like the 747 can carry up to 490 passengers and reduce the cost of long distance travel. — — Map (db m112720) HM

56 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1969 — Transportation Walk —

Neil Armstrong commands the Apollo 11 and becomes the first man to land a craft and walk on the moon. — — Map (db m112721) HM

57 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1970 / 2000 —

1970. Airlines carry 172 million passengers in the United States. 2000. Airlines carry almost 615 million passengers in the United States. — — Map (db m113622) HM

58 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1972-1978 — Ivan Getting, Bradford Parkinson —

Getting and Parkinson devise the Global Positioning System. It uses satellite signals, control stations and GPS receivers to pinpoint location in consumer cars and boats as well as commercial and military craft. — — Map (db m113619) HM

59 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1977 — Paul MacCready —

His 70 pound Gossamer Condor, powered by cyclist Bryan Allen maneuvers a figure eight on a closed course and stays aloft for 7 minutes, 2.7 seconds, winning the $95,000 Kremer Prize. — — Map (db m113620) HM

60 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 1983 — Sally Ride —

Dr. Ride, the first American woman in space, takes part in the 7th Space Shuttle mission. The reusable spacecraft carry out 113 missions between 1983 and 2003. — — Map (db m113618) HM

61 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 2003 — Transportation Walk — Reported damaged

Dean Kamen introduces the battery operated self-balancing Segway Human Transporter. It carries people and small cargo 12 mph over a variety of terrains. — — Map (db m221971) HM

62 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 2004 — Burt Rutan / Michael W. Melvill / Brian Binnie —

The SpaceShipOne rocket and glider reaches a record altitude of 368,000 feet. Its second flight in two weeks wins it the $10 million Ansari X-Prize offered to inspire private development of manned space flight. — — Map (db m113617) HM

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63 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — 2005 — Transportation Walk — Reported damaged

Alternative fuel vehicle device options for clean fuel and energy independence. This includes solar cars, electric cars and busses, and gas and electric hybrids. — — Map (db m180185) HM

64 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — April 1, 1967 — Transportation Walk — Reported unreadable

"In a nation that spans a continent, transportation is a web of union."—Lyndon B. Johnson on the new Department of Transportation begins operations. It oversees how transportation affects safety, property, economic growth, trade, the . . . — — Map (db m112719) HM

65 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Arch Bridge — Transportation Walk —

One of the strongest bridge types, the arch bridge was used extensively by the Romans. The arch carries the weight of the roadway and vehicular traffic to supports at each end. — — Map (db m113615) HM

66 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Cable Stayed Bridge — Transportation Walk —

The cables connect structure supporting the roadway and traffic to the tower, stiffening or staying the bridge and enabling the tower to carry the required load. — — Map (db m113616) HM

67 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Cantilever Bridge — Transportation Walk —

Cantilever bridges carry heavy loads. The structure is built out symmetrically from each pier. The landward side is anchored and the other side may support an intermediate truss or be joined to the next cantilever. — — Map (db m112781) HM

68 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Covered Wagon Wheels — Transportation Walk —

From the 1840s to the 1860s, settlers and gold rushers walk overland trails 15 to 20 miles a day beside covered ox-drawn wagons carrying up to 2500 lbs. of household goods and supplies. — — Map (db m113612) HM

69 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Expanding Gate Valve —

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration To advance the safe transportation of energy and other hazardous materials Expanding Gate Valve Utilized on a filter skid in a liquid petroleum gas system in Texas City, Texas . . . — — Map (db m112726) HM

70 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Flight Path —

Look up, and every few seconds you'll see a plane taking off or landing from Washington Reagan National Airport, as they have since the 1940s. Due to its shorter runway, the airport is limited to smaller jet planes like 737s and 757s. — — Map (db m146987) HM

71 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Four Bicycles and a Three-Wheeler —

Marked, designated bike lanes on streets in most major cities, in suburbs and towns, are a response to increased cycling for fun, fitness and convenient, fuel-saving commuting. — — Map (db m112722) HM

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72 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Landing Gear and Wheels —

Many people fly for the first time after the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 results in lower fares and the growth of commuter airlines offering new routes through a hub-and-spoke system. — — Map (db m112725) HM

73 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Railroad Freight Car Truck and Tracks —

In 1831, American inventor John Stevens is the first to use wooden ties and develops the easily fastened T-shaped rail still used today. — — Map (db m112746) HM

74 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Ship's Propeller / Airplane Propeller / Truck Wheel — Transportation Walk —

Ship's Propeller The helical blades of the ship's propeller force water backward. The reaction drives the ship forward. Additional drive is provided by the suction created on the forward face of the screw blades. Airplane . . . — — Map (db m112922) HM

75 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Ships' Wheels — Transportation Walk —

Starting in the 18th century, helm wheels begin to replace tillers for turning ships' rudders, making steering easier. — — Map (db m113747) HM

76 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Single Bit Bollard —

Completed under the direction of George W. Goethals, the 51-mile Panama Canal opens to shipping in 1914 and shortens the voyage from New York to San Francisco by 7,873 miles. — — Map (db m112762) HM

77 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Suspension Bridge — Transportation Walk —

Suspension bridges span the widest openings. Cables stretched over high towers conduct the weight of roadway and traffic to the anchorages at each end. — — Map (db m112737) HM

78 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Three Gas Pumps — Transportation Walk —

Increased automobile use and interstate trucking companies spur the growth of the largest of roads in the world. Rural areas are linked to major economic centers. — — Map (db m112718) HM

79 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Transportation Corridor —

In the 1890s streetcars ran along M Street, a major east-west artery. Today cars, trucks and busses fill the street. — — Map (db m112757) HM

80 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Urban Design —

In Pierre L'Enfant's design for the new city of Washington, broad diagonal avenues, named after states, radiate from key buildings like the Capitol and White House. They cross the regular grid of east-west streets, identified by letters, and . . . — — Map (db m112779) HM

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81 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — USS Sequoia / USS Memphis / Skipjack / Canal Barge / USS Constitution — Transportation Walk —

USS Sequoia Presidents relax and entertain, work and negotiate on presidential yachts. The last yacht to serve, the USS Sequoia, is used by Presidents Franklin Roosevelt through Gerald Ford and was retired in 1977. . . . — — Map (db m113626) HM

82 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southeast Washington, Navy Yard — Wright Brothers' 1903 Flyer / Lockheed Vega / P-51 Mustang Fighter / Bell-47 Flyer / Global Flyer — Transportation Walk —

Wright Brothers' 1903 Flyer "I got on the machine at 10:35 for the first trial increasing in speed to probably 7 or 8 miles. The machine lifted..." —Orville Wright's Diary, December 17, 1903 Lockheed Vega Amelia Earhart . . . — — Map (db m113625) HM