Near Bobtown Road (State Road 80) 0.2 miles east of State Route 235, on the left when traveling east. Reported permanently removed.
On December 31, 1861, Union General George Thomas and his small army of about 3,000 men left Lebanon, Kentucky, and headed for this place, then known as Logan`s Crossroads. For his hardened troops, this 40-mile trek should have been a two or three . . . — — Map (db m55025) HM
Near State Road 235, 0.1 miles south of State Route 761, on the left when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
You are standing in the center of the area where most of the Mill Springs Battle took place on Sunday morning, January 19, 1862. This illustration depicts the scene from a birds eye viewpoint above and behind you. The Union line stood to your left, . . . — — Map (db m62985) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
After the battle Union troops hastily buried the dead. The Confederate dead were interred in shallow mass graves near where they fell in battle. Some of these graves were so shallow that the bodies in them began surfacing within 48 hours of burial. . . . — — Map (db m128956) HM WM
Near Kentucky Route 235 south of McGlothin Road, on the right when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
The Battle - Confederate Retreat
During the battle a small one room log cabin stood here (the foundation stones are still visible). Retreating Federal pickets made a brief but desperate stand in and around this cabin at the beginning of . . . — — Map (db m86151) HM
Near Route 235 south of McGlothin Road, on the right when traveling south.
Soon after the first shots of the battle were exchanged at Timmy's Branch, Confederate surgeons set up a field hospital in a small log house that stood here. Some of the wounded found their own way here; friends carried others. One of the last . . . — — Map (db m137141) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
Forgotten Men
In the years after the Battle of Mill Springs, the white oak tree that General Felix Zollicoffer's body had been placed under became known as the Zollie Tree. While the tree became a local gathering spot, no effort was made . . . — — Map (db m70008) HM
On Kentucky Route 235 south of Route 761, on the right when traveling north.
Mistaken Identity
About seven o'clock the morning of January 19, 1862, Confederate General Felix Zollicoffer rode across the road to your left. Near here, in the dim light and fog, he saw a mounted officer, Union Colonel Speed Fry. Both men . . . — — Map (db m137077) HM
Near State Highway 80, 0.3 miles east of State Highway 235, on the left when traveling east.
In November 1861, the Confederate army commanded by General Felix Zollicoffer arrived in Mill Springs, Kentucky, on the south side of the Cumberland River. A month later, Zollicoffer had moved 6,000 men to the north side of Cumberland and . . . — — Map (db m88447) HM
Near State Highway 80, 0.2 miles State Highway 235, on the left when traveling east.
Civil War Dead
An estimated 700,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Civil War between April 1861 and April 1865. As the death toll rose, the U.S. government struggled with the urgent but unplanned need to bury fallen Union . . . — — Map (db m88451) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
Alfred Edward Mathews, a renowned illustrator, created this drawing. We don't know if he participated in the battle, but it is obvious he was here. You are standing approximately where Mathews stood to sketch this scene. Compare the image to the . . . — — Map (db m137102) HM
On Kentucky Route 235, 0.6 miles south of Burton Road, on the left when traveling south.
Union General George H. Thomas placed cavalry here, at Timmy's Branch, on the road between his army and the Confederates. These men acted as an early warning system in case of a surprise attack. It was here that the first shots of the Battle of . . . — — Map (db m137142) HM
Near State Road 235, 0.1 miles south of State Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
For several years the Mill Springs Battlefield Association, with the help of professional archeologists, has located and mapped artifacts on the battlefield. The type of artifact, their placement, and density is used to determine the units present . . . — — Map (db m63059) HM
Near State Road 235, 0.1 miles south of State Road 761, on the left when traveling south.
Lieutenant Balie Peyton, Jr. All battles have their stories of heroism and devotion to duty. All battles have the tragic death of those too young. The story of Balie Peyton, Jr., at Mill Springs is one of those stories. Peyton's story lifts . . . — — Map (db m63039) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235 south of Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
You are near the center of the battlefield east of the road. Union and Confederate forces clashed violently here Sunday morning, January 19, 1862.
The Union line stood to your left, behind a split-rail fence at the edge of the woods (now part of . . . — — Map (db m137114) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
Captain Arthur M. Rutledge's Tennessee Light Artillery Battery was organized in Davidson County, Tennessee. Rutledge was a West Point graduate who went on to become the Chief of Ordnance in Polk's Army of Mississippi. Rutledge's Tennessee Light . . . — — Map (db m63121) HM
On Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
After the battle, Union soldiers hastily buried the dead. They interred many of the Confederates in shallow mass graves near where they fell. Some graves were so shallow that the bodies began surfacing just days afterward. With the army gone, local . . . — — Map (db m137098) HM
Near State Highway 80, 0.3 miles east of State Highway 235, on the left when traveling east.
Confederate Defense Line
Late in 1861, Confederates sought to prevent Union forces from occupying strategic points in Kentucky and Tennessee, to maintain rail shipments of vital Confederate supplies from Virginia south and west and to set . . . — — Map (db m88448) HM
On Kentucky Route 235, 0.8 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the right when traveling south.
This is the site of the Confederate Hospital used by Confederate surgeons after the Battle of Mill Springs. The site is being preserved with the help of a Federal grant from the Land and Water Conservation Fund, administered by the National Park . . . — — Map (db m55459) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Route 761.
Beneath this mound rest in sleep that
knows no waking, more than one hundred
Confederate soldiers from Tennessee,
Mississippi, and Alabama, who were killed
in the Battle of Fishing Creek, Jan. 19, 1862.
We know not who they were but . . . — — Map (db m167912) WM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
"Every one for himself was the motto." Much of the Confederate Army retreated through this area. They headed south along the Mill Springs Road toward their camps and fortifications just this side of the Cumberland River. Mississippi . . . — — Map (db m63098) HM
On Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
Shortly before daylight on January 19, 1862, the lead elements of the Confederate column encountered Union pickets—a guard detachment—at Timmy's Branch about a mile south of here. The Confederates fired on the Union troops, who retreated . . . — — Map (db m137097) HM
On Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
Felix K. Zollicoffer: Brig. Gen. Felix K. Zollicoffer, CSA, died here, Jan. 19, 1862, in Battle of Logan's Crossroads (Mill Springs). This Tenn. native was veteran of Seminole War, editor of Nashville Banner, and 3-term U.S. congressman. In heavy . . . — — Map (db m55189) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
"If it gets too hot for you, shut your eyes my boys - forward!" - Major Gustave Kammerling, 9th Ohio (photo inset) Union Colonel Robert McCook, commanding the Union 3rd Brigade ordered one of the few successful bayonet charges of the Civil . . . — — Map (db m62973) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235 south of Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
It was midmorning and the battle was raging when directly across the road Union Colonel Robert McCook ordered the 9th Ohio Infantry to charge the enemy. It was one of the few successful bayonet charges of the Civil War and was instrumental in . . . — — Map (db m137109) HM
Near State Highway 235, 0.1 miles south of State Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
On this spot fell Gen'l Felix K. Zollicoffer of Tennessee, Jan. 19, 1862. Lieuts. Bailie Peyton Jr., H.M.R. Fogs and more than 150 of their Confederate associates in the Battle of Fishing Creek, here died with Gen'l Zollicoffer for right as they saw . . . — — Map (db m43876) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Road 761, on the left when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
Note: this marker is weathered and partly illegible. Some words are inferred and others are indecipherable. George Henry Thomas was born in Southampton County, Virginia, July 31, 1815. At the age sixteen he was forced to flee his home along . . . — — Map (db m62970) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235 south of Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
Colonel Speed Fry, commanding the 4th Kentucky Infantry (U.S.), pulled his men back to a split-rail fence on a hill east of the road. As the Union soldiers deployed, the Confederates regrouped in the ravine. They had learned that Confederate General . . . — — Map (db m137112) HM
Near State Highway 80, 0.2 miles east of State Highway 235, on the left when traveling east.
Battle of Mill Springs
Confederate forces established a defense line across southern Kentucky in fall 1861. Union and Confederate armies fought small-scale actions in the area, but the Battle of Mill Springs was the first major engagement. . . . — — Map (db m88450) HM
Near State Road 235, 0.1 miles south of State Road 761, on the left when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
About 7 A.M. Confederate General Felix Zollicoffer rode forward to reconnoiter. Near this spot, in the dim light and fog, he saw a mounted officer, Union Colonel Speed Fry of the 4th Kentucky U.S. Volunteers. Both men mistakenly assumed the other to . . . — — Map (db m62934) HM
On Mill Springs-Battlefield Road, 0.3 miles south of Muskett Road, on the right when traveling south.
The evening of January 19, 1862, Union forces pursuing the beaten Confederates halted at a small log school nearby. The Confederates had used the school as a headquarters for their pickets before the battle. Union soldiers rested here as they . . . — — Map (db m137143) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.3 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
Rutledge's Battery, a Confederate artillery unit, fired from this position during the Battle of Mill Springs. This gun is a reproduction of those the battery used—1841 model six-pounder smoothbore cannons.
Captain Arthur M. Rutledge, a . . . — — Map (db m137119) HM
On Sellars Road at Mill Springs-Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling east on Sellars Road.
The Confederate army arrived in Mill Springs in November 1861. For some time, Confederate General Felix K. Zollicoffer's pleas for more men and supplies were ignored. Finally, his superior sent the steamboat Noble Ellis up from Nashville . . . — — Map (db m156154) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
A small building that housed a blacksmith shop stood in this area at the time of the Battle of Mill Springs. According to local tradition, the blacksmith who worked there mined shale, low grade coal, from the ground near his shop. There are several . . . — — Map (db m63097) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
Shortly before daylight about 6:00 A.M., the struggling Confederate column encountered Union pickets at Timmy's branch one and one half miles south of here and exchanged the first shots of the battle. Alerted by the gunfire, the Union camps (a mile . . . — — Map (db m70012) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235 south of Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
George Henry Thomas
Virginian George H. Thomas commanded the Union army at the Battle of Mill Springs. Because he was from a prominent slave-holding family many, including President Abraham Lincoln, initially questioned his loyalty. His . . . — — Map (db m137104) HM
On Kentucky Route 235, 0.3 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
The Confederates west of the road fled in disarray after the 9th Ohio Infantry executed a successful bayonet charge. The pursuing Federals turned the tide on the east side of the road and the entire Confederate line broke. The 16th Alabama Infantry . . . — — Map (db m137140) HM
Near State Road 235, 0.1 miles south of State Road 761, on the left when traveling south.
Colonel Speed Fry (photo inset) For much of the battle the Union defense line was behind a rail fence at the top of the hill. Colonel Speed Fry of the Union 4th Kentucky said that his men there came "under a galling fire from the enemy, who . . . — — Map (db m63068) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
The commander of the 10th Indiana Volunteer Infantry wrote, "The way by which the enemy had retreated gave evidence that they had been in haste to reach their den. Wagons, cannon, muskets, swords, blankets, etc. were strewn all along the road . . . — — Map (db m63186) HM
Near State Road 235, 0.1 miles south of State Road 761, on the left when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
After the initial contact between the Union and Confederate forces in the foggy half light of the winter morning, Colonel Speed Fry, commanding the 4th Kentucky Infantry (US), pulled his men back to a rail fence on a hill east of the Mill Springs . . . — — Map (db m62999) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
After Confederate General Felix Zollicoffer was fatally wounded at the Battle of Mill Springs on January 19, 1862, his men placed his body under a white oak tree. In the years that followed, the tree became known as the "Zollie Tree."
Forty . . . — — Map (db m137096) HM
On Route 235, 1.7 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
Clearly visible in front of you is the roadbed of the original Mill Springs Road. Feel free to walk the old road to the creek, where you can see the original crossing. Near the creek, between the present road and the original road, is one of the few . . . — — Map (db m55464) HM
On Kentucky Route 235, 0.4 miles south of Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
These properties make up the site on which the Confederate Army attacked and retreated during the Battle of Mill Springs. These sites are being preserved with the help of a Federal grant from the Land and Water Conservation Fund administered by the . . . — — Map (db m55781) HM
Near Kentucky Route 235, 0.1 miles Kentucky Route 761, on the left when traveling south.
The Last Minutes of the Battle
Union commander General George H. Thomas described the last minutes of the battle: "The 12th Kentucky . . . and the Tennessee brigade reached the field to the left of the Minnesota regiment, and opened fire on . . . — — Map (db m137115) HM
On Mill Springs Battlefield Road, 3 miles south of Kentucky Route 235, on the right when traveling south.
Beech Grove
In late 1861, Confederate Gen. Felix Zollicoffer advanced into Ky. from Jamestown, Tn. Zollicoffer ordered seizure of area ferry boats to cross his army to the north side of the Cumberland River. Unable to locate adequate boats, . . . — — Map (db m136797) HM
Near Mill Springs Battlefield Road, 3 miles south of Kentucky Route 235, on the right when traveling south.
"Their fort was admirable situated on a high piece of ground three-quarters of a mile from the Cumberland River, surrounded with a breastwork and rifle pits, with embrasures for cannon and as strong a position as could be found." — . . . — — Map (db m69982) HM
On Mill Springs Battlefield Road, 2.3 miles south of State Route 235, on the right when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
The Battle - Evening January 19, 1862 The Federal forces pursuing the beaten Confederates halted here near a small log school. This school building had been used by the Confederates as a headquarters for their pickets during their occupation of . . . — — Map (db m55629) HM
On Mill Springs Battlefield Road at Sellars Road (County Route 1523D) when traveling south on Mill Springs Battlefield Road. Reported permanently removed.
Night of January 10-20, 1862 Confederate General Zollicoffer's pleas for more men and supplies to meet the strong Union force he expected went mostly unheeded. General Albert Sidney Johnston did, however, send a river steamer, the Noble . . . — — Map (db m55880) HM
Near Mill Springs Battlefield Road, 3 miles south of Kentucky Route 235, on the right when traveling south.
By late December, General Felix Zollicoffer had decided to winter his command at Beech Grove. "The time has come," he wrote, "when huts must be constructed to protect the forces of the Brigade against inclement weather. Commanding officer . . . — — Map (db m69970) HM
On Mill Springs Battlefield Road, 3 miles Kentucky Highway 235, on the right when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
"The position ... is a fine basis for operations in front." - Felix K. Zollicoffer Inset photo on left of Gen. Felix K. Zollicoffer In November 1861 Gen. Felix Zollicoffer sent engineer officers Capt. Thomas Estill and Capt. Victor Von . . . — — Map (db m55778) HM
On Mill Springs-Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling south.
In December 1861, less than a month after the Confederate army arrived in Mill Springs, General Felix Zollicoffer moved most of his army6,000 menacross the Cumberland River to Beech Grove. Soldiers built earthworks and constructed quarters for . . . — — Map (db m137144) HM
