Fort Braden was established in 1839 as a military outpost during the Second Seminole War (1835-1842). At the end of the war the fort was abandoned, but the small farming community that had developed nearby continued. A school in the Fort Braden area . . . — — Map (db m79475) HM
Miccosukee United Methodist Church has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior Est. 1828 — Built 1876 — — Map (db m172646) HM
In 1778 the British mapped this once thriving community, originally called Mikasuki, with sixty houses, a square, 28 families and 70 gunmen. The village was first settled by Native Americans of Creek descent who were often in armed conflict with . . . — — Map (db m167466) HM
(Side 1)
Throughout the 1950s-1970s, large-scale, nonviolent demonstrations by audacious students attending Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU), Florida State University, and the University of Florida, as well as local . . . — — Map (db m135553) HM
Daily life for Spaniards at San Luis was not unlike that in other Hispanic communities. Shoemakers and tailors plied their trades. Off-duty soldiers drank wine, played at cards or dice, and stringed guitars or similar stringed instruments known as . . . — — Map (db m239318) HM
The Apalachee ball game was an integral part of native life. The game was dedicated to the native gods of rain and thunder and was played to ensure rain for crops.
The game involved 50 or more players and was quite violent, sometimes . . . — — Map (db m239526) HM
Defeating segregation took years of sustained struggle. A federal court ordered the integration of Leon County's public schools in 1967 more than 10 years after the local civil rights movement began. The legacy of those who fought for justice . . . — — Map (db m230698) HM
In 1656, the Spaniards chose this hilltop because of its clear view of the countryside. A powerful Apalachee chief offered to build a blockhouse for the Spanish military garrison and moved his village to San Luis. The blockhouse added a formal . . . — — Map (db m239259) HM
Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley (1928-1975)
Nathaniel Carlyle "Nat" Adderley (1931-2000)
Brothers Cannonball Adderley (alto saxophone) and Nat Adderley (cornet) were two of the most important jazz musicians in history. Born . . . — — Map (db m230644) HM
The Apalachee were a matrilineal society. Inheritance and authority were passed down through the mother's family. Related groups were also combined into clans with each member belonging to the mother's clan. After marriage, the husband relocated to . . . — — Map (db m239379) HM
The dwelling frame to your right represents the shape and size of a typical Apalachee home. Although the Apalachee were skilled carpenters, their own dwellings were relatively simple. Most activities were conducted outside, with homes reserved for . . . — — Map (db m239388) HM
Living on the hilltop where the plaza and public buildings were located was an honor most likely reserved for the village's leaders. They attended daily meetings in a council house where community affairs were discussed and planned.
By . . . — — Map (db m239272) HM
Apalachee militias provided the bulk of the province's military power. Apalachee received training in the use of firearms from Spaniards. They served as sentries, some held military titles, and they always outnumbered Spanish soldiers on raids. . . . — — Map (db m239355) HM
Site of decisive repulse of Federal forces by Confederate Militia in joint U.S. Army and Navy Operation to take St. Marks. The Army landing at lighthouse was prevented from getting to rear of St. Marks by Confederate opposition at Newport and . . . — — Map (db m13721) HM
Bernard F. Sliger President 1977-1991 Bernard F. “Bernie” Sliger served as FSU president from 1977 to 1991. In 1993 he returned to the helm as interim president and served in that capacity until 1994. During Sliger’s tenure, student . . . — — Map (db m187599) HM
In 1947, an American "Friendship Train" traveled around the United States collecting large amounts of food and supplies from donors for transport to the people of France and Italy. These countries were hit the hardest during WWII and in desperate . . . — — Map (db m211149) HM WM
Built in 1908 with funds donated by industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, this was the first Carnegie Library built on a Black Land-Grant college campus. Nathan Young, President of the State Normal College for Colored Students, with . . . — — Map (db m207495) HM
This waterfall celebrates the location of the Florida State Capital in October 1823 by Dr. William H. Simmons of St. Augustine and John Lee Williams of Pensacola. These men were commissioned by Governor William P. Duval to find a compromise location . . . — — Map (db m230632) HM
In 1915, construction began on the Dixie Highway system that linked Florida with the Midwest via highways running from Michigan through Tallahassee along Old St. Augustine Road toward Miami. In the 1920s, the number of auto tourists visiting Florida . . . — — Map (db m100888) HM
The introduction of Catholicism to the Apalachee at San Luis brought fundamental changes. From marriage to funeral practices, holidays to education, the church influenced nearly every aspect of daily life.
Throughout the day, the church bells . . . — — Map (db m239520) HM
“Colonel Scott proceeded to place the troops in line… In the early dawn the enemy advanced in force across the pass, firing rapidly, but after a short contest were driven back by a mingled fire of musketry and canister.” ”During . . . — — Map (db m157202) HM
(south)In Loving Memory 1861-1865 Defenders of Natural Bridge Lest We Forget (east) This monument erected under authority of an act of the legislature of Florida of 1921 as a just tribute of the people of Florida to commemorate the . . . — — Map (db m157200) HM WM
In October 1940, hundreds of laborers began clearing swampland for temporary quarters for Dale Mabry Army Air Base, named in honor of a young Tallahassee dirigible pilot who died in 1922 after serving in World War I. In 1941, America entered World . . . — — Map (db m79561) HM
Dale W. Lick served as president of Florida State University from 1991 to 1994. He led the implementation of the first Capital Campaign at FSU; construction of the University Center, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and FSU London Study . . . — — Map (db m173933) HM
Dr. J. Stanley Marshall came to Florida State University in 1958 from the State University of New York at Cortland, where he held a professorship in physics. His first assignment was to establish a department of science education and to design . . . — — Map (db m173868) HM
Dr. John Gorrie designed a refrigeration machine to treat malaria and yellow fever patients in Apalachicola. He received the first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration in 1851. Artist: Steven Weitzman Year: Completed 2006 Medium: Terrazzo . . . — — Map (db m173776) HM
“If you can’t fly then run, then walk, if you can’t walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward.” —Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
In 1952, Reverend Charles Kenzie "C.K." Steele moved with his family . . . — — Map (db m230426) HM
"Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed." -Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929 - 1968) was an African American Baptist minister, activist, . . . — — Map (db m230574) HM
In 1849, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to graduate from medical school in the U.S. She faced adversity throughout her career, leading the way to diversity in medical practice today. Artist: Steven Weitzman Year: Completed 2006 Medium: . . . — — Map (db m173775) HM
Most of the Apalachee who were not killed outright or enslaved moved north into British territory. Others migrated west to Pensacola and Mobile. A small number moved eastward eventually settling around St. Augustine. Once dispersed in 1704, the . . . — — Map (db m239362) HM WM
The light of freedom still burns brightly in our world today because
of the service and sacrifice of America’s men and women in uniform.
Our Nation’s servicemen and women have fought the forces of tyranny and
won victories for liberty, . . . — — Map (db m154150) WM
The light of freedom still burns brightly in our world today because
of the service and sacrifice of America’s men and women in uniform.
Our Nation’s servicemen and women have fought the forces of tyranny and
won victories for . . . — — Map (db m154522) WM
Ante-bellum mansion constructed of brick shipped from New York to port of St. Marks. Completed in 1843. Fine fan lights and pleasing window placements. Circular stairway. Rare old furnishings. — — Map (db m67031) HM
The land upon which Goodwood Mansion was constructed was part of the original land grant rewarded to the Marquis de Lafayette for his service during the Revolutionary War. Hardy Croom of North Carolina, a planter and recognized naturalist, purchased . . . — — Map (db m67032) HM
Hickory Hill Cemetery is the main burial ground for African-American families that lived and worked on Welaunee Plantation. Welaunee was established by Udo Fleischmann, a banker and sportsman and member of the Fleischmann baking goods manuafacturing . . . — — Map (db m167465) HM
Hippocrates, Greece 460-370 B.C., taught the scientific basis for medical practice and gave modern medicine its ethical ideals. Artist: Steven Weitzman Year: Completed 2006 Medium: Terrazzo Commissioned in 2005 with funds provided by Florida’s Art . . . — — Map (db m173774) HM
The Rhodes Scholarship is at the pinnacle of student achievement worldwide. Outpacing other Florida universities, Florida State University has produced two Rhodes Scholars since 2006. Garrett Johnson (2006 Rhodes Scholar) and Joseph O’Shea (2008 . . . — — Map (db m173931) HM
Honoring the Confederate and Union Soldiers who were killed in action or later died from their wounds. Battle of Natural Bridge March 6, 1865 CSA Captain Henry K. Simmons • Cpl. Matthew B. Hawkins • J.B. Ellis • John Grubbs • Eli Triplett USA . . . — — Map (db m157203) WM
On March 17, 1960, a county judge sentenced seven Florida A&M University students and one high school student to pay $300 or spend 60 days in jail for “sitting in” at the Woolworth lunch counter. They chose jail over bail. Their courage sparked a . . . — — Map (db m230666) HM
The Leon County Jail once stood on this very spot. Law enforcement imprisoned local activists here for peacefully challenging segregation. Many of them chose to stay in jail instead of paying bail. Their willingness to suffer unjust punishment . . . — — Map (db m230646) HM
James Buchanan taught at Florida State University from 1951-56. An economist renowned for his work on public choice theory, Buchanan won the 1986 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science for his development of the contractual and constitutional . . . — — Map (db m173669) HM
Robert Schrieffer won the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics, with John Bardeen and Leon Neil Cooper, for developing the first successful microscopic theory of superconductivity. In 1992, Florida State University appointed Schrieffer as a university . . . — — Map (db m173668) HM
John Thrasher became the 15th president of Florida State University following a successful career in business and law, including distinguished service in the U.S. Army and the Florida Legislature. Under President Thrasher’s leadership, Florida . . . — — Map (db m230181) HM
Konrad Bloch was co-recipient with Feodor Lynen of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology for discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism — how cholesterol is made in the body. Bloch held . . . — — Map (db m173666) HM
In the 1600s, Spanish Florida's Royal Road Connected
St. Augustine with the Missions of North Florida
From the time St. Augustine was established in 1565. Spanish military and religious authorities began extending their reach beyond . . . — — Map (db m239365) HM
It’s October 11, 1539…
Near here, Captain Juan Añasco of Hernando de Soto’s army has entered the Apalachee village of Aute -
The village is deserted, but we have found a small supply of corn. My men captured several Indians. One is . . . — — Map (db m126592) HM
Lucy Moten School was built in 1932 at Florida A&M University (FAMU) with support from the Julius Rosenwald Fund and General Education Board. For more than 70 years, the school served as a training facility for African-American educators. The . . . — — Map (db m137656) HM
Local store owners refused to allow African Americans to sit and eat at their lunch counters. In February 1960, Tallahassee activists began holding peaceful “sit ins" at Woolworth’s and McCrory's. They risked their safety to expose the immorality of . . . — — Map (db m230652) HM
By outward appearances, life in the Spanish village was European in nature. However, since Spanish soldiers commonly married Apalachee women, native wives continued some Indian traditions in their homes. Apalachee women perceived marriage to . . . — — Map (db m239322) HM
A campus gathering place for more than a century and site for commencement for nearly five decades, this green was dedicated in 1990 to Mina Jo Powell (B.S., 1950, M.S., 1963). Powell, a member of the final class to graduate on the site, was a . . . — — Map (db m230850) HM
Mission San Luis de Talimali was among the largest and most important missions in Spanish Florida. Its parishioners were Apalachee Indians who were descendents of those people whose village Hernando de Soto appropriated during the winter of . . . — — Map (db m79564) HM
Beginning in 1702, British Carolina Governor James Moore began a full-scale attack on Spanish Florida aimed at St. Augustine and the missions along the Atlantic coast. Early in 1704, Moore mounted a campaign against Apalachee.
The strongly . . . — — Map (db m239357) HM WM
The Mode L. Stone Building, home of the College of Education, was constructed in 1978 and named for the educator who arrived at Florida State in 1946 and served as dean of the College from 1956 to 1967. A 26,000-square-foot addition was completed . . . — — Map (db m173934) HM
Munree Cemetery was created in the early 1900s as a burial place for African Americans who lived and worked on plantations in the Welaunee area. The exact origin of the name is unknown, but may have originated from Monrief, the name of a former . . . — — Map (db m199861) HM
In this area, the St. Marks River disappears into sinkholes several times and reappears as springs. Here, it flows underground through a cavern and reappears 150 feet to your right. This has formed a land bridge which has been used by wild . . . — — Map (db m157204) HM
Apalachee rulers requested Spanish friars as early as 1607 when epidemics and the threat of foreign attacks brought about a loss of faith in their traditional customs and leadership. From 1633 to 1635 at least 5,000 Apalachee were baptized by two . . . — — Map (db m239250) HM
Missionaries sent by the South Carolina Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church held services for the Centreville community settlers at this site in the early 1820's. John Slade, known as the "Father of Methodism in Florida," organized the . . . — — Map (db m79535) HM
Paul Dirac was an outstanding theoretical physicist whose work was fundamental to the development of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Erwin Schrödinger in 1933 for contributions to . . . — — Map (db m173665) HM
It took three years of economic and political pressure to desegregate Tallahassee’s downtown lunch counters. Afterward, in 1963 activists turned their attention to the city's segregated movie theaters. Hundreds of students protested, and law . . . — — Map (db m230697) HM
Robert Mulliken, a physicist and chemist, brought Florida State University its first Nobel Prize. While serving as Florida State University Distinguished Research Professor of Chemical Physics, Mulliken was awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize in Chemistry . . . — — Map (db m173667) HM
Until the late 1960s in Tallahassee, laws and customs dictated where African Americans could live, eat, play, attend school, and who they could marry. Defying the color line was dangerous. Nonetheless, many people in our community used nonviolence . . . — — Map (db m230662) HM
Harold “Harry” W. Kroto, one of the co-recipients of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, has been Francis Eppes Professor in Florida State University’s Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry since 2004. With Richard Smalley and Robert Curl, he was . . . — — Map (db m173670) HM
Understanding the importance of history, a spirit house connects the past with the present. It allows individuals of all generations to experience and learn about the strength and resolve of the former Smokey Hollow Community, a segregated . . . — — Map (db m230589) HM
Side 1
During the American War of Independence, the Marquis de Lafayette came from France to the United States to offer not only his personal services as a major general in the Continental Army but also some $200,000 of his private fortune . . . — — Map (db m146795) HM
The Tallahassee to St. Marks railroad began operations in 1837. It was owned by the Tallahassee Rail Road Company, incorporated in 1834. The road was single track, twenty-three miles long, and had mule drawn cars. In 1839 a steam locomotive was . . . — — Map (db m125460) HM
On May 26, 1956, two female Florida A&M University students broke the law by refusing to move to the back of a crowded bus. The police arrested them. Tallahassee's African American community responded by boycotting city buses for seven months until . . . — — Map (db m230657) HM
DeSoto wintered here (1539-40). In 1633, the Spaniards established a chain of forts and missions to convert Apalache Indians. These were destroyed by the British in 1704 and the area reverted to wilderness. This site was selected as the capital of . . . — — Map (db m129288) HM
Tallahassee
National Cemetery
Dedicated to the memory of
all the patriotic men and women
who answered their country’s call to service.
Barack H. Obama
President of the United States
Robert A. McDonald . . . — — Map (db m211171) WM
Amvets Tallahassee Post 1776
And
Amvets National Service Foundation
Dedicated this carillon as a living
memorial to America's veterans who
served their country honorably
for the cause of freedom
Tallahasee National Cemetery . . . — — Map (db m211178) WM
Its specific identity lost to time and the Suwannee River, the Luraville Locomotive is one of the nation's oldest "iron horse" steam locomotives. Most likely built between 1850 and 1855, the oft-modified 10-ton, wood-burning American 4-4-0 steam . . . — — Map (db m67648) HM
The council house at San Luis was one of the largest historic Indian structures in the southeastern United States.
Council houses were the focus of Apalachee religious and ceremonial activities, including dances, rituals, and preparations for war. . . . — — Map (db m239260) HM
Cassina, commonly called black drink, was a dark brew loaded with caffeine. It was popular with Spaniards and Apalachee alike.
Black drink could only be served in the council house unless the chief granted special permission to serve it . . . — — Map (db m239269) HM
Front
North Florida’s urban clubs and rural roadhouses, including clubs that have operated at this historic Bradfordville location, have played an important role in the history of the Gulf Coast “chitlin circuit” for touring . . . — — Map (db m79458) HM
The cemetery at San Luis is located beneath the floor of the church. Since all the residents of San Luis were Christians, a great number of them were buried in the church cemetery. As in other aspects of life, rank had its privileges. Important or . . . — — Map (db m239557) HM
The Civil Rights Foot
Soldiers of Tallahassee
The following civil rights activists were "foot soldiers" ordinary people who put their lives and livelihoods on the line for justice. Tallahassee honors these leaders and . . . — — Map (db m238409) HM
You are standing on the edge of the main plaza of the village of San Luis. The path you are following traces the edge of the plaza that was the central hub of commerce and activities for the mission. Traditionally, both Spaniards and Apalachee built . . . — — Map (db m239528) HM
"Smokey Hollow was our home, the place from which we went forth with lessons and discipline...ready for life. It prepared our feet and minds to leave...but not our hearts!" - Elmer Ash, former resident
“Our parents insisted that we had to . . . — — Map (db m230813) HM
"Smokey Hollow prepared me for life. I learned to overcome the bad times that took place with the good times.” - Mary Hartsfield, former resident
From it’s founding in the 1890s through the 1960s, Smokey Hollow was an African . . . — — Map (db m230846) HM
"We grew up together. We had nothing else and nobody else. We had each other, and I think it made us all one." -Lester Oliver, former resident
The "Spirit Houses" in front of you are in the shape of a "shotgun" house, one of . . . — — Map (db m230807) HM
The first healthcare facility in Florida for African-Americans was the Florida A&M College (FAMC) Hospital, known as the Florida A&M University (FAMU) Hospital after 1953. The school's original two-story, 19-bed wooden sanitarium was built in 1911 . . . — — Map (db m79624) HM
The Florida State University campus is the oldest continuously used site of higher education in the state of Florida. In 1851, the Florida Legislature authorized the establishment of two state seminaries, one east and one west of the Suwannee River. . . . — — Map (db m79549) HM
The friars lived in the convento (friary) where they used their time away from the church to read and improve their knowledge of the Apalachee language through native interpreters. They also traveled to outlying villages that had no friars . . . — — Map (db m239518) HM
The Integration Statue stands as a celebration of hardships and successes of a group of young men and women with a vision to make FSU a center of learning for all people. It was designed to recognize the many brave young idealists who fought for . . . — — Map (db m173827) HM
On March 3, 1540…
Led by Hernando de Soto, the army departed these Apalachee lands to continue their expedition northward. They crossed the present-day Flint River and then traversed the Mississippi River several times –
From here, . . . — — Map (db m126596) HM
The agricultural wealth of Apalachee Province made the native inhabitants one of the most powerful and prosperous tribes in Florida.
The fertile soils and dense population were also what attracted Spaniards to the region and led to the . . . — — Map (db m239249) HM
(left panel) The Luraville Locomotive is a rare example of the early American wood-burning “Iron Horses,” which helped carve the United States out of the wilderness in the pre-Civil War era.
The Eight-wheeled, 10-ton engine . . . — — Map (db m131838) HM
Side 1
In 1633, the province of Apalachee in Spanish Florida received its first full-time resident missionaries. The Franciscan Mission of San Pedro y San Pablo de Patale which was located about one hundred yards north of this marker was . . . — — Map (db m79569) HM
The Prime Meridian Marker is the beginning point of all private property descriptions in the State of Florida and is located here in Cascades Park. The marker is the point at which the meridian parallel and the baseline parallel intersect. This . . . — — Map (db m231008) HM
From the 1650s when San Luis was first established, its military garrison had some type of casa fuerte or blockhouse. However, a full-scale fort was not constructed until the 1690s when the threat of British attack became imminent.
The . . . — — Map (db m239353) HM
Side 1
Founded as The Weekly True Democrat by John G. Collins, March 3, 1905. Milton A. Smith purchased the newspaper in 1908. On April 6, 1915, he made it "The Daily Democrat." Lloyd C. Griscom, became owner in 1929. It was purchased by . . . — — Map (db m146837) HM
Side 1
Florida's capital has never been without an alert, vigorous press. Tallahassee's first newspaper, the Florida Intelligencer, was founded on February 19, 1825, nine months before the city was incorporated. The Tallahassee . . . — — Map (db m79518) HM
During the tenure of T.K. Wetherell The Florida State University enrolled the most academically talented students in the history of the university, increased the number of doctoral degrees awarded, set new records for research dollars and . . . — — Map (db m238620) HM
Relatively easy access to the St. Marks River port of call enhanced San Luis' trading industry. Supplies could be unloaded at St. Marks River and, using small boats, could be brought to within 1.5 miles of the mission. Similarly, surplus goods . . . — — Map (db m239253) HM
Prior to European contact, the Apalachee used bone stone, shell, clay, plant fibers, and wood for most of their needs. The Spanish traded manufactured goods to the Indians. Iron tools, popular among the Indians for their durability, replaced bone, . . . — — Map (db m239378) HM
It’s October 5, 1539
Hernando de Soto’s army has reached the nearby village of Calahuchi -
We passed through fertile lands covered in large fields of corn - maize. While we marched, Apalachee warriors moved through the . . . — — Map (db m126589) HM
Capturing Tallahassee was not General Newton’s primary objective even though the capital lay just eighteen miles north of St. Marks. His plan was to take St. Marks and the fort there, destroying the railroad, bridges, and other property in the area. . . . — — Map (db m157201) HM
Mission San Luis was one of more than 100 mission settlements established in Spanish Florida between the 1560s and 1690s.
Between 1656 and 1704, more than 1400 Apalachee Indians and Spaniards lived at the mission. San Luis was a principal village . . . — — Map (db m239247) HM
On May 26, 1956, two Florida A&M University (FAMU) students, Wilhelmina Jakes and Carrie Patterson boarded a crowded Tallahassee city bus and sat in the only seats available, in the front next to a white female passenger. The bus driver ordered them . . . — — Map (db m79553) HM
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