Marktbreit in Kitzingen, Bavaria, Germany — Central Europe

Ehemalige Synagoge und jüd. Schule
⎯⎯⎯
Former Synagogue and Jewish School

Photographed by Andrew Ruppenstein, August 25, 2023

1. Ehemalige Synagoge und jüd. Schule / Former Synagogue and Jewish School Marker

Inscription. Click to hear the inscription.

Erbaut 1717 als Synagoge mit Mikwe (jüdisches Ritualbad) und jüdischer Schule mit Lehrerwohnung. Umfassend erneuert 1885. Zerstörung der Inneneinrichtung am 10. November 1938. Nach dem 2. Weltkrieg umgestaltet. Auf der Rückseite des Gebäudes erhalten: Eingangsportal, Fassadenschmuck, Gedenkstein für die jüdischen Gefallenen des 1. Weltkrieges.

(English translation:)
Built in 1717 as a synagogue with a mikveh (Jewish ritual bath) and a Jewish school with a teacher's apartment. Comprehensively renovated in 1885. Destruction of the interior on November 10, 1938. Redesigned after World War II. Preserved at the back of the building: synagogue entrance portal, facade decorations, and memorial for the Jewish fallen soldiers of the First World War.

Topics and series. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Education • Religion & Religious Structures. In addition, it is included in the Synagogues series list. A significant historical date for this entry is November 10, 1938.

Location. 49° 39.991′ N, 10° 8.681′ E. Marker is in Marktbreit, Bayern

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(Bavaria), in Kitzingen. It is at the intersection of Pförtleinsgasse and Pfarrgasse, on the left when traveling north on Pförtleinsgasse. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: Pförtleinsgasse 10, Marktbreit BY 97340, Germany. Touch for directions.

Regionally, it is in Europe,

the European Union,

Atlantic Europe,

Central Europe,

the Schengen Area,

Western Europe,

and the Western World.

Historically, it finds itself in what was once the Roman Empire

and specifically also the Holy Roman Empire.

Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker: Marktbreit Holocaust Memorial (within shouting distance of this marker); Evangelisches Schulhaus / Protestant School (within shouting distance of this marker); Ehemalige Synagoge / Former Synagogue (within shouting distance of this marker); Bürgerhaus 18. Jahrhundert / 18th Century Patrician House (about 120 meters away, measured in a direct line); Hotel “Löwen” / “Lion” Hotel (about 150 meters away); Bürgerhaus 19. Jahrhundert / 19th C. Patrician House (about 150 meters away); Malerwinkelhaus / “Painter’s Angle” House (about 180 meters away); Buhleitentor / “Buhleiten” Gate (about 180 meters away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Marktbreit.

Also see . . . Marktbreit (Kreis Kitzingen) Jüdische Geschichte/Synagoge. Alemannia-Judaica website entry:
Marktbreit (in Jewish sources, Bratt) Lower Franconia. Jews are first mentioned in 1487 and were expelled in 1553. They settled again from 1636 and in 1642 received a general letter of protection from the emperor granting them religious freedom and other rights which promoted the development of the community into one of the most important in the principality, with the seat of the chief rabbinate

Former Synagogue and Jewish School and Marker image. Click for full size.

Photographed by Andrew Ruppenstein, August 25, 2023

2. Former Synagogue and Jewish School and Marker

The marker is visible here on the corner of the gray building in the center.

established there until 1806. From the late 17th century, Court Jews were active. Among the prominent families were the Wertheimers, Oppenheimers, and Astruques. The Wertheimers built a synagogue in Marktbreit and Samson Wertheimer was the chief agent of the Viennese court. Also in the late 17th century Prince Ferdinand restricted Jewish residence to 14 families (which remained in force until 1862). From 1806, with annexation to Bavaria, the community was under the aegis of the Wuerzburg district rabbinate, serving as its seat for a time. The Jewish population reached a peak of 320 in 1890 (total 2,385) and then declined steadily to 127 in 1933, with the communities of Obernbreit, Marktsteft and Gnodstadt attached to it. A Jewish public school was opened in 1920. Under Nazi rule, the economic boycott quickly undermined Jewish livelihoods. Nevertheless, between 1933 and 1939 the community was active in education, culture, and social welfare. On Kristallnacht (9-10 November 1938), the Jewish public school and synagogue were vandalized, including 12 Torah scrolls, 11 Jewish apartements were destroyed, and six men were sent to the Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camps. Afterwards all the Jews were evicted from their homes and ghettoized in the community center. In 1933-42, 54 additional Jews moved to Marktbreit and a total of 146 left, 83 of them emigrating. Of the remaining Jews,

Former Synagogue and Jewish School - Bachgasse side image. Click for full size.

Photographed by Andrew Ruppenstein, August 25, 2023

3. Former Synagogue and Jewish School - Bachgasse side

As noted on the marker, although the building was redesigned and renovated after the Second World War, certain elements were retained at the rear of the building. Visible here through the gate in the passageway off of Bachgasse are the synagogue facade and entrance, the memorial for the fallen Marktbreit Jewish soldiers from World War I, and a memorial for the Jewish Marktbreit residents who perished as a result of the Holocaust.

23 were deported to Izbica in the Lublin district (Poland) via Wuerzburg on 24 March 1942 and nine were sent to the Theresienstadt ghetto in September 1942. (Submitted on October 15, 2023.)

Credits. This page was last revised on October 24, 2023. It was originally submitted on October 15, 2023, by Andrew Ruppenstein of Lamorinda, California. This page has been viewed 129 times since then and 11 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3. submitted on October 15, 2023, by Andrew Ruppenstein of Lamorinda, California.

Ehemalige Synagoge und jüd. Schule⎯⎯⎯Former Synagogue and Jewish School

Ehemalige Synagoge und jüd. Schule
⎯⎯⎯
Former Synagogue and Jewish School