Manzanar National Historic Site near Independence in Inyo County, California — The American West (Pacific Coastal)
"Waiting in a Breadline"
Manzanar
Three times a day, hungry people lined up outside a mess hall-in blistering heat and freezing cold, in heavy rain and during ferocious dust storms.
Once inside, "they plopped food on our metal plates," Lilly Kitamoto Kodama, who was a child in Manzanar, recalled. Among the foods she disliked was "this blobby blop of gooey stuff that was all green in color... it was canned spinach."
"There was enough to eat, but the quality and variety was sorely lacking," Wilbur Sato said. "We had to eat what was provided."
And too often, lamb was on the menu, Yoshinori Tamaki recalled. "We'd go see the menu in the morning. If there was lamb stew on the menu, we'd try to go somewhere else," he said. "We just couldn't stomach the lamb."
Many of the cooks were inexperienced. Teenager Frank Yamani earned $16 a month cooking large tubs of rice in the mess hall. "You had to cook that rice just right or else they're going to complain to you," he recalled. "The cook before, he burned the rice, and everybody complained. They couldn't eat it."
Food improved somewhat, but the rushed and noisy eating environment did not change.
One mother observed, "Even if we are in camps... some effort should be made to maintain a normal atmosphere. Lining up for meals, getting food slopped at us all on one plate is making many feel like hobos and tramps waiting in a breadline for a handout."
The US Army built this mess hall at Bishop Air Base in 1942. The National Park Service moved it to Manzanar in 2002 and restored it to match a Manzanar mess hall.
Erected by National Park Service.
Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Asian Americans • War, World II. A significant historical year for this entry is 1942.
Location. 36° 43.665′ N, 118° 9.051′ W. Marker is near Independence, California, in Inyo County. It is in Manzanar National Historic Site. It can be reached from Manzanar Reward Road west of U.S. 395. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 5001 US-395, Independence CA 93526, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Regionally, this marker is in California’s Sierra Nevada. It is also in the American Mountain West. Globally, it is in
North America, on the Ring of Fire, in the Pacific Rim, in the Western Hemisphere, in the Western World, and in the Anglosphere. Historically, it finds itself in what was once New Spain and also Mexicos Alta California.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker: Mess Halls of Manzanar (a few steps from this marker); Made in Manzanar (a few steps from this marker); Pressing Needs (a few steps from this marker); "Zeal for Cleanliness" (within shouting distance of this marker); Community Activities (within shouting distance of this marker); Enduring Humiliation (within shouting distance of this marker); "That's What You Call Survival" (about 400 feet away, measured in a direct line); Crowded Quarters (about 400 feet away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Independence.
Credits. This page was last revised on July 5, 2026. It was originally submitted on July 4, 2026, by Craig Baker of Sylmar, California. This page has been viewed 10 times since then. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on July 4, 2026, by Craig Baker of Sylmar, California.

