Wheeling in Ohio County, West Virginia — The American South (Appalachia)
The Athenaeum
"Lincoln's Bastille"
The Athenaeum, once the biggest building in Wheeling, stood here. It was constructed in 1854, with three stories supported by cast-iron roof and floor beams. It served as an adjunct of the nearby Baltimore and Ohio Railroad station, to encourage travelers to stop in the city. The upper floor housed a theater, which attracted many of the best performers of the antebellum period, including Maggie Mitchell and the famous Shakespearian actor Edwin Booth, a brother of President Abraham Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth. A popular play performed at the Athenaeum was Uncle tom's Cabin, which was based on Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel of the same name.
With the outbreak of the Civil War, the U.S. government took over the lower two floors and detained Confederate sympathizers and prisoners of war until they could be transferred to Camp Chase in Columbus. It became known as "Lincoln's Bastille." Several prisoners escaped during the years that followed.
In September 1863, the entire building was converted to a prison. A hospital, bake house, fuel house, and exercise yard surrounded by a twenty-foot wall were constructed on the property. Thereafter, many Union soldiers convicted by courts-martial were incarcerated there. The prison hospital became overcrowded, and in March 1864, the patient were transferred to Wheeling Hospital in North Wheeling. This action allowed the prison to be further enlarged. In September 1865, the prison was closed, and the Athenaeum was returned to its owners.
On October 10, 1868, the structure burned completely in Wheeling's largest fire. As a result the city organized its first fire department.
Erected by West Virginia Civil War Trails.
Topics and series. This historical marker is listed in this topic list: War, US Civil. In addition, it is included in the West Virginia Civil War Trails series list. A significant historical month for this entry is March 1864.
Location. 40° 3.832′ N, 80° 43.305′ W. Marker is in Wheeling, West Virginia, in Ohio County. Marker is at the intersection of 16th Street (West Virginia Route 2) and Market Street, on the right when traveling east on 16th Street. Across the street from West Virginia Independence Hall on the campus of West Virginia Northern Community College. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 1704 Market Street, Wheeling WV 26003, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. A different marker also named The Athenaeum (here, next to this marker); Baltimore and Ohio Passenger Station (a few steps from this marker); B & O Railroad (a few steps from this marker); Old Custom House (a few steps from this marker); Wheeling Custom House (a few steps from this marker); Francis H. Pierpont (a few steps from this marker); Old Garibaldi (within shouting distance of this marker); To The Defenders of the Union (within shouting distance of this marker). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Wheeling.
Also see . . . Wheeling's Athenaeum 1854-1868. West Virginia Historical Society Quarterly, Volume XVII, Number 2 April, 2003. (Submitted on January 1, 2014, by Allen C. Browne of Silver Spring, Maryland.)
Photographed By Devry Becker Jones (CC0), April 22, 2022
Credits. This page was last revised on April 24, 2022. It was originally submitted on January 1, 2014, by Allen C. Browne of Silver Spring, Maryland. This page has been viewed 947 times since then and 125 times this year. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on January 1, 2014, by Allen C. Browne of Silver Spring, Maryland. 3. submitted on April 24, 2022, by Devry Becker Jones of Washington, District of Columbia. 4. submitted on January 1, 2014, by Allen C. Browne of Silver Spring, Maryland. • Bernard Fisher was the editor who published this page.