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“Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History”
“Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History”
Roma in Starr County, Texas — The American South (West South Central)
 

National Historic Landmark District / The Plaza

Distrito Monumento Nacional / La plaza

 
 
National Historic Landmark District / The Plaza Marker image. Click for full size.
cmh2315fl via Flickr (CC BY-NC 2.0), December 26, 2020
1. National Historic Landmark District / The Plaza Marker
Inscription. National Historic Landmark District Roma's unique history and architecture have received national recognition through several historical designations. In 1972, 15 blocks were designated as the Roma Historic District and listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In 1993, the United States Secretary of the Interior designated the central core of Roma as a National Historic Landmark District, the highest level of recognition for historic properties in the United States. The National Historic Landmark (NHL) status is reserved for historic buildings, structures, sites, objects, or districts that represent an outstanding aspect of American history and culture. Fewer than 2,500 properties have received this designation. Roma's inclusion as an NHL recognizes the district's significance as the only intact settlement in the United States derived from the Spanish colonization efforts of Spanish military leader José de Escandón. Additionally, the district is a virtual “living catalog” of 19th century architecture and building technologies in the lower Rio Grande region, including the unique molded brickwork of Heinrich Portscheller, a Prussian immigrant to the area.

The Plaza In 1848, the García Sáenz family plotted the town on parts of their porciones, lands granted to their ancestors by the Spanish Crown.
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The original town plan consisted of 15 square blocks with a long, broad avenue perpendicular to the bluffs, which eventually functioned as a plaza. This central public space served as the center of commercial and social activity where businessmen sold and traded goods, and wealthy merchant families built their homes. The long, avenue-type plaza was less common than the typical city block-style plaza. However, it is more common in Texas and can also be seen in Rio Grande City and in Austin. Opposite the river, Nuestra Señora del Refugio Church was built at the other end of the plaza in 1856. From 1848 to 1900, the Vale-García, Cox, Ramírez, Guerra, and Sáenz families built walled family compounds with storefronts facing the plaza and living spaces above and at the rear. These buildings used wrought iron balconies imported from New Orleans, interiors imported from France, and molded brick to create ornate architectural designs made locally by a Prussian immigrant, Heinrich Portscheller.

Captions
(Top) Architectural Drawing of door on Sáenz Store, 1961. From Historic American Buildings Survey.
(Bottom) Advertisement for Roma town lots from Corpus Christi Star newspaper, 1849. From Portal to Texas History, UNT.

[Español]
Distrito Monumento Nacional La historia y arquitectura única de Roma han recibido un galardón
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nacional. En 1972, 15 cuadras fueron designadas como Distrito Histórico Nacional en el Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos (National Register of Historic Places). En 1993, el Secretario del Interior de los Estados Unidos designó la zona entro de Roma como distrito a nivel de Monumento Nacional (NHL), el galardón más alto en el país para sitios históricos. La designación NHL es reservada para edificios, structuras, sitios, objetos, o distritos que representan una parte importante de la historia y cultura de los Estados Unidos. Menos de 2,500 propiedades han recibido este galardón. El designado NHL reconoce la importancia del distrito derivada de los esfuerzos de su fundador, el colonizador José de Escandón y Helguera. Además, el distrito es virtualmente un museo vivo de la arquitectura y técnica de construcción del siglo XIX en la región del bajo río Bravo del Norte, incluyendo ejemplos del estilo singular de cornisas elaboradas con ladrillo moldeado del Maestro Heinrich Portscheller, un emigrante originario de Prusia.

La plaza En 1848, la familia García Sáenz diseñó el trazo de la ciudad en las tierras otorgadas a sus antepasados por el rey de España. El diseño urbano de Roma tenía 15 cuadras con una larga y ancha avenida que limita con el barranco y que, eventualmente, funcionó como plaza. La plaza se convirtió en un centro de actividades comerciales y sociales donde comerciantes vendían sus bienes, y las familias de ricos mercaderes construyeron sus casas. Éste tipo de plaza, larga y ancha, era más raro de otras plazas en colonias hispanas en las Américas, pero éste tipo es más común en Texas y es posible a ver en Rio Grande City y también in Austin. En 1856, en el lado de la plaza opuesto al río, se construyó la iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Refugio. De 1848 hasta 1900, las familias Vale-García, Cox, Ramírez, Guerra, Sáenz y otras, construyeron casas de uno y dos niveles con patios traseros encerrados por altas tapias. El primer nivel se destinaba para comercio y el segundo nivel para las habitaciones. Estos edificios lucieron balcones de hierro forjado traídos de New Orleans, y sus fachadas fueron diseñadas por Henrich Portscheller con cornisas de ladrillo geométricamente ordenado y moldeado.

Pies de foto
(Cima) Dibujo arquitectónico del año 1961 de la puerta de la tienda de Sáenz.
(Abajo) Advertencia para lotes en Roma del periódico Corpus Christi Star en el año 1849. (Marker Number 1.)
 
Topics and series. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Hispanic AmericansIndustry & CommerceRoads & VehiclesSettlements & Settlers. In addition, it is included in the National Historic Landmarks series list. A significant historical year for this entry is 1848.
 
Location. 26° 24.358′ N, 99° 1.094′ W. Marker is in Roma, Texas, in Starr County. Marker is at the intersection of Portscheller Street and Convent Avenue, on the right when traveling north on Portscheller Street. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Roma TX 78584, United States of America. Touch for directions.
 
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 13 miles of this marker, measured as the crow flies. Manuel Guerra Store (a few steps from this marker); First Chapel in Roma (about 400 feet away, measured in a direct line); The Mier Expedition (approx. 1.3 miles away); Mission Mier a Visita (approx. 3.8 miles away); San Agustín de Laredo a Visita (approx. 10.3 miles away); Mifflin Kenedy Warehouse (approx. 12.3 miles away); Historic Rio Grande City (approx. 12.4 miles away); Site of Old Rancho Davis (approx. 12.4 miles away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Roma.
 
 
Credits. This page was last revised on April 14, 2022. It was originally submitted on April 14, 2022, by Duane and Tracy Marsteller of Murfreesboro, Tennessee. This page has been viewed 103 times since then and 8 times this year. Photo   1. submitted on April 14, 2022, by Duane and Tracy Marsteller of Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
 
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Apr. 26, 2024