Summit of Mount Defiance

Summit of Mount Defiance. . , Marker #1: , Two historic waterways converge at Ticonderoga. Long before the region became important to European powers, Native Americans made a portage here for carrying canoes and gear between Lake George and Lake Champlain. The five-mile-long La Chute River flows out of Lake George, (behind the mountain to your left), and joins Lake Champlain in the estuary below. The river, whose name means “the falls” in French, powered a French sawmill during construction of Fort Carillon (renamed Ticonderoga by the British in 1759) in the mid-18th century, and an impressive array of mills and factories in the 19th century. , Marker #2: , The Fort Ticonderoga peninsula reaches east towards Mount Independence on the Vermont shore to form a choke point. Here, two waterways from the south converge, flowing north to the Saint Lawrence River. Whoever controlled this passage controlled travel between New York and Nouvelle France (Canada). American troops connected the two fortified positions with a floating bridge built during the winter of 1776-77. East Creek, on the far side of Mount Independence, protected retreating American troops from a flanking German attack in July of 1777, allowing them to regroup and fight again at Hubbardton and Bennington. , Marker #3: , From the vantage point on this mountain top, Robert Rogers and his Ranger scouts reconnoitered the strength of Fort Carillon (Ticonderoga) during the Seven Years’ War when the French and British struggled for control of North America. Lake Champlain served as the highway for military transport into the heart of the country. Both nations understood that control of the lake was the key to success., Mount Defiance is owned and preserved by Fort Ticonderoga, a private, not-for-profit educational institution open to the public since 1909., Marker #4: , Lake Champlain reaches another twenty-five miles south to Whitehall, where American shipwrights constructed a small fleet of ships during the summer of 1776. Sailors rowed the finished hulls to Ticonderoga, stepped their masts against the cliff at Mount Independence on the Vermont shore, and installed fittings and rigging in the shelter of Fort Ticonderoga. This first American navy lost to a superior British force at Valcour Island, but held the British off long enough to force them back to Canada for the winter., Mount Independence is preserved through the partnership of Fort Ticonderoga and the State of Vermont. . This historical marker was erected by Fort Ticonderoga National Historic Landmark. It is in Ticonderoga in Essex County New York