Orlando in Orange County, Florida — The American South (South Atlantic)
The Historic Arms of Spain & Portugal
Photographed By Bradley Owen, March 14, 2024
1. The Historic Arms of Spain & Portugal Marker
c. 12,000 B.C. Paleolithic Cave Paintings at Altamira
с. 2,500 В.С. Copper and bronze-working center at Los Millares; Megalithic structures in western & southern Iberia
c. 700 B.C. While Celtic peoples enter northern Iberia, Phoenicians & Carthaginians establish cities in the South.
260 B.C. Rome conquers Cathaginian Spain but does not complete conquest of Iberia for two centuries.
117 A.D. Roman Empire reaches its greatest extent under the Spanish-born emperor Trajan.
406-418 Vandals, Suevi, Alans and finally West Goths (Visigoths) enter the Roman province of Hispaniae. The Goths establish their control over the whole of the peninsula.
c. 600 The Gothic ruling classes abandon the Arian heresy and convert to Catholicism.
711 Berber Tariq lands at Gibraltar. His Moorish army defeats the last Gothic King, Rodrigo. Within six years most of Iberia is overrun by Muslim forces.
718 Pelayo of Asturias checks Moors at Covadonga.
756 Abdar-Rahman 1, grandson of the deposed Umayyid caliph, establishes rule over Muslim Iberia.
777 Charlemagne's invasion turned back at Saragossa. Frankish County of Barcelona established.
899
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912-961 Adb ar-Rahman III declares Caliphate of Cordoba the greatest city of western Europe.
1009 After the humbling of Leon, Castile and Navarre by Al-Mansur, the Caliphate collapses into civil war and splinters into petty kingdoms (Taifas).
1033 Sancho III of Navarre, self proclaimed "Emperor of Spain" dies, leaving three sons as kings of Castile-Leon, Navarre and Aragon.
1086 Alarmed by the loss of Toledo to Alfonso VI of Castile-Leon, Muslim princes call on the aid of North African Almoravids.
1093 Henri of Burgundy is made Count of Portugal by Alfonso VI of Castile-Leon
1099 El Cid, Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, defends Valencia against the Almoravids.
1100-1200 Age of brilliant Muslim and Jewish scholars; e.g. Ibn Rushid (Averroes), Maimonides.
1130 Alfonso VII of Castile-Leon establishes school of translators introducing Arabic, Jewish and Greek learning into western Europe.
1137 Aragon & Catalonia unite under rule of Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona
1143 Alfonso Henriques, son of Henri of Burgundy, is recognized as King of Portugal
1212 The battle of Navas de Tolosa reduces Moorish holdings
Photographed By Bradley Owen, March 14, 2024
2. The Historic Arms of Spain & Portugal Marker
Marker is on the far left.
1243 University of Salamanca founded.
1252-84 Alfonso X, el Sabio, great patron of scholarship but ineffective ruler of Castile-Leon.
1282 Following the Sicilian Vespers, the crown of Sicily is offered to Pedro III of Aragon.
1290 Foundation of University of Lisboa, moved in 1308 to Coimbra.
1302-11 The Catalan Company, a body of mercenaries employed by the Byzantine emperor, defeat the Turks but turn on their Greek paymasters and seize the Duchy of Athens.
1340 Castilian and Portuguese forces defeat the Granada Moors and their Moroccan allies at the Salado River.
1348 The Black Death sweeps through Iberia, killing over a quarter of the population.
1366-69 Enrique of Trastámara, illegitimate son of Alfonso XI, contests the throne of Castile with his legitimate half-brother Pedro the Cruel.
1385 Portuguese defeat the Castilians at Aljubarrota, ensuring Portuguese independence.
1394-1460 Prince Henry (Enrique) the Navigator, brother of King Duarte, promotes exploration and discovery.
1479-1504 Union of Aragon and Castile in the person of their monarchs, Fernando & Isabel, "los Reyes Catolicos".
1480 The Spanish Inquisition is established.
1492 Granada is conquered; Columbus (Cristóbal Colón) crosses the Atlantic; Jews are expelled from Spain.
1494 Treaty of Tordesillas divides the world between Spain and Portugal.
1498 Vasco Da Gama voyages around Africa to India.
1500 Pedro Cabral lands in Brazil.
1503 The Great Captain, Gonzalvo de Cordova, defeats the French army at Garigliano.
1511 Alfonso de Albuquerque, Governor of Goa, seizes Malacca.
1516 Carlos of Hapsburg, son of Juanna La Loca, becomes King of Spain (Charles I). Three years later he is chosen as Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V).
1519 Magellan (Fernao Maghlaes) begins the first circumnavigation of the globe.
1519-22 Hernan Cortés conquers the Aztec empire.
1531-34 Francisco Pizarro conquers Inca empire.
1539 Ingatius Loyola founds the Society of Jesus.
1557 Portugal establishes permanent trade center with China at Macao.
1558 Charles I abdicates in favor of his son Felipe (Philip II), who inherits Spain, the Netherlands, Milan, Naples and the overseas colonies. The Imperial holdings are inherited by the Austrian Hapsburgs.
1567 The Netherlands revolt against Spanish rule.
1571 Don Juan of Austria destroys the Turkish fleet at Lepanto of Greece, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi founds Manila.
1578 Battle of Alcazar Qivir. The Moroccans crush the Portuguese army in North Africa, killing King Sebastian and the flower of Portuguese nobility.
1580 Felipe II of Spain makes good his claim to the crown of Portugal.
1588 The Armada fails to conquer England, Spanish forces fail to suppress Dutch revolt.
1605 Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra pens "Don Quijote".
1609 The Moriscos (forcibly converted Muslims) are expelled from Spain following their revolt in 1570.
1618-48 The "Invincible Spanish Infantry" participates in the Thirty Years War in support of the Austrian Hapsburgs.
1640 Portugal successfully revolts against Spain, Joao of Braganza elected King.
1645-54 Portuguese Colonists from Brazil expel Dutch Invaders from Northeast Brazil and Angola.
1700 Philippe of Anjou becomes Felipe V of Spain, the first Bourbon on the Spanish throne. 1704 Britain seizes Gibraltar.
1755 Great Earthquake destroys Lisbon. Tens of thousands die.
1759-67 Jesuits expelled from Portuguese and Spanish domains.
1807 Napoleon places his brother, Joseph, on the Spanish throne; Spain and Portugal occupied by French forces: Portuguese Royal family flees to Brazil.
1808 Popular uprising in Spain against French occupation leads to capture of French army at Baylen by Spanish insurgents.
1810-26 Spanish Colonies in America successfully revolt and gain independence.
1812 The Cortes of Cardiz proclaims liberal constitution.
1820 The restored Bourbon monarch, Fernando VII, reneges on promises of constitution. Troops mutiny under Colonel Rafael Riego and march on Madrid. Their constitutional government is top-pled 3 years later by a French interventionist army.
1822 King Joao VI returns to Portugal. Brazilian Nationalists deciare his son, Don Pedro, emperor of Brazil.
1834-39 First Carlist War in support of claimant in Spanish Bourbon male line and against Liberal centralization.
1876 First Spanish Republic yields to Constitutional Monarchy under Alfonso XII.
1895-98 Insurrection in Cuba leads to war with United States.
1908-10 Assassination of King Don Carlos 1. Proclamation of Portuguese Republic.
1921 Abd-el-Krim defeats Spanish army in Rif War.
1923-30 Dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera.
1931 Alfonso XIII flees Spain and second Republic is formed.
1936-39 Civil War in Spain between forces of Right (supported by Germany and Italy) and Left (supported by volunteers and Russia).
1939-75 Dictatorship of General Francisco Franco, el Caudillo.
1974 Army coup in Lisbon reestablishes democracy in Portugal and ends Colonial Wars.
1976-78 Following the death of Franco, Juan Carlos is declared King and new constitution is approved by plebiscite.
Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Exploration • Government & Politics • Settlements & Settlers • Wars, Non-US.
Location. 28° 28.386′ N, 81° 28.316′ W. Marker is in Orlando, Florida, in Orange County. Marker can be reached from Universal Boulevard north of Hollywood Way, on the left when traveling north. Marker is located in front of the Historic Families - Heraldry Souvenir Store in the Universal Islands of Adventure Theme Park. Entry to the park requires a paid admission fee. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 6000 Universal Boulevard, Orlando FL 32801, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. The Historic Arms (here, next to this marker); The Historic Arms of Ireland (here, next to this marker); a different marker also named The Historic Arms of Ireland (a few steps from this marker); a different marker also named The Historic Arms (a few steps from this marker); a different marker also named The Historic Arms of Spain & Portugal (a few steps from this marker); The Hemisphere Dancer (approx. 0.3 miles away); Lew R. Wasserman (approx. 0.3 miles away); Historical Hollywood Landmark (approx. 0.4 miles away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Orlando.
Regarding The Historic Arms of Spain & Portugal. Marker includes a compilation of Spanish and Portuguese surnames and a variety of coat of arms.
Credits. This page was last revised on March 23, 2024. It was originally submitted on March 16, 2024, by Bradley Owen of Morgantown, West Virginia. This page has been viewed 60 times since then. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on March 23, 2024, by Bradley Owen of Morgantown, West Virginia.
