Tayshas to Texas

Tayshas to Texas. . Two Prominent Tribes , The ancestors of the Caddo lived in North Texas, practicing agriculture up to 2,500 years ago. These people lived a sedentary lifestyle, staying in one location while tending their crops and raising their families. The main crops harvested were called the Three Sisters - squash, maize, and beans. These three crops grew very well together; the maize stood as a tall support, the beans kept the soil fertile, and the squash protected the other plants from pests and shaded the soil from the sun., The Comanche have only lived in this area since the 1740s. They preferred to live a nomadic lifestyle on the plains of North Texas. Always staying mobile, Comanche hunters tracked tasiwoo, what we call bison, as their main food source. Every part of the bison was used; tools were made from bone and clothing was crafted out of hide., Other prominent peoples native to Texas include the Apache, Kiowa, Wichita, Jumano, Coahuiltecan, and Karankawa., Where Did They Go? , To avoid the Texas Revolution in 1835, many Texas Caddo began relocating themselves to reservations in Oklahoma. By 1855, most had left Texas. It was finally time for their people to abandon the land they called Tayshas (Tejas), a Caddoan word meaning "those who are friends.", In 1859, the United States government began relocating Comanches in North Texas to a large reservation in Oklahoma. The Comanche resisted this move and many were left to their own devices. Those who stayed in Texas found themselves in conflict with settlers and U.S. soldiers. By 1870, nearly all of the surviving Comanches in Texas had been relocated to Oklahoma., Quanah Parker, The Last Chief of the Comanches, to the Delegates of the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention on December 17, 1906:, "My people are citizens of the United States, and my people keep the right way, they go to school and teach school; I wish you delegates will look after my people - look after my Indians. My delegates look after my people, look after my Indians. My Indians, just the same as you people are citizens of the United States., Quanah Parker after becoming Chief of the Comanche, ca. 1890., Captions , (Photo #1) The Three Sisters , Squash, maize, and beans were grown together as a tria by Native Americans across North America. , (Photo #2) Buffalo Hunt on the Southwestern Plains , Comanche hunter on horseback taking down a bison. , (Photo #3) Caddo Village , A typical Caddo village after relocation, bearing resemblance to their traditional architecture. Located near Anadarko, Oklahoma. Photograph by William S. Souje, ca. 1870. , (Photo #4) Six Tribal Leaders , Left to Right: Little Plume (Piegan), Buckskin Charley (Ute), Geronimo (Chiricahua Apache), Quanah Parker (Comanche), Hollow Horn Bear (Brute Sioux), and American Horse (Oglala Sioux). Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, ca. 1900.