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Monti in Roma in Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale, Latium, Rome, Italy — Central Italy (Tyrrhenian Coast)
 

Foro di Augusto (2 a.C.)

Il Tempio di Marte Ultore

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Forum of Augustus (2 B.C.)

The Temple of Mars Ultor

 
 
Foro di Augusto (2 a.C.) / Forum of Augustus (2 B.C.) Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed by James Hulse, June 24, 2023
1. Foro di Augusto (2 a.C.) / Forum of Augustus (2 B.C.) Marker
Inscription.  Italian:
Al centro del lato orientale del Foro di Augusto si ergeva il Tempio di Marte Ultore (dal latino Ultor Vendicatore). La sua costruzione si deve a Ottaviano Augusto, che aveva fatto voto di dedicare un santuario a Marte alla vigilia della battaglia di Filippi, combattuta nel 42 a.C. insieme a Marco Antonio contro Bruto e Cassio per vendicare l'uccisione di Giulio Cesare, suo zio e padre adottivo. Il Tempio fu inaugurato nel 2 a.C. Da sculture antiche conosciamo l'aspetto del frontone. Al centro erano le statue di Marte e Venere, ritenuti i progenitori dei Romani e della Gens Iulia, la famiglia di Cesare e di Ottaviano Augusto. Ai lati della coppia divina si trovavano le personificazioni della Fortuna, della Dea Roma, del Palatino, del Tevere e la statua di Romolo, mitico fondatore della Città nel 753 a.C. e suo primo re. Il gruppo statuario trasmetteva un messaggio di legittimazione della presa di potere della Gens Iulia, che, secondo la leggenda, discendeva da Iulo Ascanio, figlio di Enea, a sua volta figlio di Venere. Da Iulo Ascanio discendeva anche Rea Silvia, che concepì Romolo con il dio
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Marte, il tempio fu completamente demolito, tranne le tre colonne esterne ancora in piedi e il basamento, per recuperare marmi e altri materiali da costruzione già all epoca del regno del re ostrogoto Teoderico (493-526). Tra IX e X secolo sul basamento si insediò primissimo nucleo del monastero di San Basilio, ingranditosi con il tempo e poi passato tra XII e XIII secolo al Cavalieri di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme (detti poi di Rodi, oggi di Malta). Nel 1566 complesso fu donato da papa Pio V (1566-1572) a un gruppo di monache domenicane: furono costruiti un nuovo monastero e una nuova chiesa, che occupò l'area del Tempio di Marte e che fu dedicata alla Vergine Annunziata. La gran parte di queste strutture fu demolita tra 1924 e 1932, per liberare i resti monumentali di epoca romana. Molti frammenti marmorei rinvenuti all'epoca sono visibili presso il Museo dei Fori Imperiali.

Didascalie
(Foto #1) Veduta ricostruttiva del Foro di Augusto con il Tempio di Marte Ultore (Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali)
(Foto #2) Veduta ricostruttiva del Foro di Augusto (Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali)


English:
The Temple of Mars Ultor (Mars the Avenger) occupied the centre of the eastern side of the Forum of Augustus. It was dedicated by Octavian Augustus in 42
The Temple of Mars Ultor and Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed by James Hulse, June 14, 2023
2. The Temple of Mars Ultor and Marker
B.C. on the eve of the battle of Philippi fought together with Mark Antony against Brutus and Cassius to avenge the assassination of Julius Caesar, his uncle and adoptive father. The Temple was inaugurated in the year 2 B.C. Ancient reliefs display the fronton which bore in the center the statues of Mars and Venus as the ancestors of the Romans and the Iulia family, to which both Julius Caesar and Octavian belonged. To the sides of the divine couple there were the personifications of Fortune, Rome, Palatine, the Tiber and the image of Romulus, the mythical founder of Rome in 753 B.C. and its first king. The significance of this group lies in the legitimization of power for the Iulia family who, according to the legend, descended from Iulus Ascanius, son of Aeneas, son of Venus. From Iulus Ascanius descended also Rhea Silvia, who had conceived Romulus with Mars. The Temple was completely destroyed around the times of the Ostrogoth king Theodoric (493-526) in order to reuse the marble and other construction materials. They were spared only the three columns still standing and the podium. In 9th and 10th century on the podium settled the very first nucleus of the monastery of St. Basil. Between the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th, the monastery became the property of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (later called of Rhodes, today Knights
The view of the marker along the pathway image. Click for full size.
Photographed by James Hulse, June 24, 2023
3. The view of the marker along the pathway
of Malta
). In 1566 the complex was donated by Pope Pius V (1566-1572) to a group of Dominican nuns: they built a new monastery and a new church, which occupied the area of the Temple of Mars and was dedicated to the Virgin of the Annunciation. Most of these structures has been demolished in 1924-1932 to recover the Roman ruins. Many fragments of sculptures found at the time are on display at the Museum of the Imperial Fora.

Captions
(Photo #1) Reconstructive view of the Forum of Augustus with the Temple of Mars Ultor (Superintendency of Cultural Heritage for the City of Rome)
(Photo #2) Reconstructive view of the Forum of Augustus (Superintendency of Cultural Heritage for the City of Rome)

 
Erected by Roma and Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.
 
Topics. This historical marker is listed in this topic list: Anthropology & Archaeology. A significant historical year for this entry is 42 BCE.
 
Location. 41° 53.651′ N, 12° 29.193′ E. Marker is in Roma, Lazio (Latium, Rome), in Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale. It is in Monti. It is on Via Alessandrina just north of Via dei Fori Imperiali, on the right when traveling north. The marker is located along the pathway. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Roma, Lazio 00184, Italy. Touch for directions.

Regionally, it is in Europe, the European Union, the Schengen Area, a coastal Mediterranean country, and the Western World. Historically, it finds itself in what was once the Byzantine Empire and specifically also the Roman Empire.

Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking
The Temple of Mars Ultor from the marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed by James Hulse, June 14, 2023
4. The Temple of Mars Ultor from the marker
distance of this marker: I Fori Imperiali Dal Medioevo a Oggi / The Imperial Fora From the Middle Ages to the Present (within shouting distance of this marker); a different marker also named Foro di Augusto (2 a.C.) / Forum of Augustus (2 B.C.) (within shouting distance of this marker); Foro di Traiano (112-113, d.C.) / Forum of Trajan (112-113 A.D.) (within shouting distance of this marker); Fori Imperiali/ The Imperial Fora (within shouting distance of this marker); Foro di Traiano (112-113 d.C.) / Forum of Trajan (112-113 A.D.) (about 90 meters away, measured in a direct line); Foro di Cesare / Forum of Caesar (about 120 meters away); Foro di Nerva / Forum of Nerva (about 120 meters away); Strutture Medievali e Moderne (XII-XX Secolo) / Medieval and Modern Structures (12th-20th Century) (about 120 meters away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Roma.
 
 
Credits. This page was last revised on March 11, 2025. It was originally submitted on March 9, 2025, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas. This page has been viewed 109 times since then and 6 times this year. Photos:   1, 2, 3, 4. submitted on March 11, 2025, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas.
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Jun. 8, 2026