Mit-Rahineh in Badrshein, Giza Governorate, Egypt — مصر (Northeast Africa)

Memphis

Since 3300 BC or earlier

Photographed by James Hulse, October 8, 2024

1. Memphis Marker

Inscription. Click to hear the inscription.

To talk about Egypt without mentioning Memphis is like talking about Italy without reference to Rome. This UNESCO World Heritage site was the first capital of Egypt, founded by King Meni (Menes) who united Upper and Lower Egypt. The city of Memphis was originally called Inbu-hedj (the White Walls).

Memphis was also the birthplace of Egypt as we know it today. The Latin name for the city's famous Temple of Ptah (Aegyptus from Egyptian Hut-Ka-Ptah) is the origin from which the name Egypt itself derives. The city's strategic placement at the head of the Nile delta moved over time to follow the river's changing course. Eventually, the head of the delta moved further north, leading to the creation of Egypt's new Islamic capital of Fustat, ancestor of modern Cairo.

Just like modern Cairo, Memphis was once a cosmopolitan city with temples, settlements and palaces, some of which still remain. We owe many of these monuments to King Ramesses II, a prolific builder who is responsible for some of what can be seen here today. Come inside our museum and take a look!

Arabic:

منف ۳۳۰۰ ق. م أو قبل ذلك
أن نتحدث عن مصر دون ذكر مدينة منف كأن نتحدث عن إيطاليا دون الإشارة إلى روما. هذه المدينة التي صنفتها اليونسكو تراثا عالميا كانت العاصمة الأولى لمصر، أسسها الملك "مينا" الذي وحد مصر العليا والسفلى في مملكة واحدة، وسميت وقتها إنب حج أي الجدار الأبيض.

تعتبر منف مهد الحضارة في مصر القديمة. اشتقت كلمة إيجبت" التي تطلق على مصر في العديد من اللغات الأجنبية من الكلمة اللاتينية "إيجيبتس" كناية عن الأسم المصري القديم لمعبد بتاح" في منف حوت -كا - بتاح". أما موقع المدينة الإستراتيجي على رأس الدلتا فقد تغير مع تغير مسار نهر النيل وتحرك أكثر نحو الشمال حيث أنشئت أول عاصمة إسلامية لمصر هي مدينة الفسطاط، نواة القاهرة الحديثة.

كانت منف حاضرة عالمية في مصر القديمة تماما كما هي القاهرة

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اليوم. يعود الفضل في تشييد العديد من هذه المباني إلى الملك رمسيس الثاني الذي أكثر من بناء المعابد والمساكن والقصور التي ما زال آثار بعضها قائمة حتى اليوم. تعال إلى داخل المتحف وألق نظرة.

Erected by USAID, AERA and University of of York.

Topics. This historical marker is listed in this topic list: Anthropology & Archaeology. A significant historical year for this entry is 3300 BCE.

Location. 29° 50.977′ N, 31° 15.265′ E. Marker is in Mit-Rahineh, Giza Governorate, in Badrshein. It is on Tariaq Bedon Esm half a kilometer east of Mariotia Road. The marker is located on the grounds of the Ruins of Memphis archaeological site. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: Tariaq Bedon Esm, Mit-Rahineh, Giza Governorate 33649-32, Egypt. Touch for directions.

Regionally, it is in Africa,

specifically in North Africa,

in the Middle East,

on the Red Sea,

and in a coastal Mediterranean country.

Historically, it finds itself in what was once the Byzantine Empire,

the Ottoman Empire,

a British colony,

and the Roman Empire.

Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 5 kilometers of this marker, measured as the crow flies: Excavations at Kom El-Fakhry (here, next to this marker); Apries Stela (within shouting distance of this marker); Step Pyramid Complex (approx. 4.1 kilometers away); Enclosure Wall (approx. 4.2 kilometers away); Colonnade Entrance (approx. 4.2 kilometers away); South Court (approx. 4.2 kilometers away); The Step Pyramid / الهرم المدرج (approx. 4.2 kilometers away); The Southern Tomb (approx. 4.2 kilometers away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Mit-Rahineh.

Also see . . . Memphis, Egypt. Wikipedia

Memphis, or Mennefer, was the ancient capital of Inebu-hedj, the first nome of Lower Egypt that was known as mḥw ("North"). Its ruins are located in the vicinity of the present-day village of Mit Rahina (Arabic: ميت رهينة), in markaz (county) Badrashin, Giza, Egypt.

Along with the pyramid fields that stretch across a desert plateau for more than 30 kilometres (19 mi) on its west, including the famous Pyramids of Giza, Memphis and its necropolis have been listed as a World Heritage Site. The site is open to the public as an open-air museum.

(Submitted on November 8, 2025, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas.)

Memphis Marker (left side) image. Click for full size.

Photographed by James Hulse, October 8, 2024

2. Memphis Marker (left side)

The colossal statue of Ramses II image. Click for full size.

Photographed by James Hulse, October 8, 2024

3. The colossal statue of Ramses II

The view of the standing Ramses II statue in the Memphis archeological site image. Click for full size.

Photographed by James Hulse, October 8, 2024

4. The view of the standing Ramses II statue in the Memphis archeological site

The view of archaeological artifacts in the Memphis archaeological site image. Click for full size.

Photographed by James Hulse, October 8, 2024

5. The view of archaeological artifacts in the Memphis archaeological site

Credits. This page was last revised on November 8, 2025. It was originally submitted on November 6, 2025, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas. This page has been viewed 63 times since then and 39 times this year. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on November 7, 2025, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas. 3, 4, 5. submitted on November 8, 2025, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas.