Parma Heights in Cuyahoga County, Ohio — The American Midwest (Great Lakes)

A Celebration of Bicentennial of the Bill of Rights

1771 - 1991

Photographed by Craig Doda, March 7, 2026

1. A Celebration Of Bicentennial Of The Bill Of Rights Marker

Inscription.

A Celebration of Bicentennial of the Bill of Rights. , Early in 1990, Parma Heights was asked by the Cleveland Bar Association to be one of three suburban communities to participate in a years-long celebration marking the 200th anniversary of Bill of Rights. A group of 25 citizens mostly from Parma Heights, served on a committee to plan and implement a variety of celebrations in recognition of this important anniversary. Many commercial, social, theatrical, and educational functions were held throughout the year., In addition, as a permanent commemoration of the bicentennial, a "Freedom Walk" was designed as part of a garden in front of the Parma Heights Library with ten stations each depicting one of the first ten amendments to the Constitution. As a cooperative effort between private donors to the "Patriot Fund" and the City of Parma Heights, this mini-garden was arranged to include a walkway with inscribed pavers as a testament to the many donors to the Freedom Walk., Its is the hope of the Bicentennial Celebration Committee and the Officials of the City of Parma Heights that everyone that walks through this Freedom Walk, willing to read and re-read the first ten amendments to our Constitution will be reminded of our basic freedoms which we tend to take for granted, and for which many of our Constitution will be reminded of basic freedoms which we tend to take for granted, and for which many of our ancestors died. It is to them that this permanent memorial is dedicated.,

Congress of the United States, , begun and held at the Crity of, New York, a , Wednesday, the fourth of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty nine., . The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution:, Resolved, by the SENATE and HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA in Congress assembled. two thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following Articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as Amendments to the Constitution of the United States; all, or any of which articles, when ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz., Articles in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the Original Constitution., Article the first ... After the first enumeration required by the first Article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred, after which, the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall be not less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall amount to two hundred, after which, the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty thousand persons. [Not Ratified], Article the second ... No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. [Not Ratified], Article the third ... Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances., Article the fourth ... A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed., Article the fifth ... No Soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law., Article the sixth ... The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized., Article the seventh ... No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or Naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation., Article the eighth ... In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence., Article the ninth ... In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact. tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law., Article the tenth ....... Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted., Article the eleventh. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people., Article the twelfth .... The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Early in 1990, Parma Heights was asked by the Cleveland Bar Association to be one of three suburban communities to participate in a years-long celebration marking the 200th anniversary of Bill of Rights. A group of 25 citizens mostly from Parma Heights, served on a committee to plan and implement a variety of celebrations in recognition of this important anniversary. Many commercial, social, theatrical, and educational functions were held throughout the year.

In addition, as a permanent commemoration of the bicentennial, a "Freedom Walk" was designed as part of a garden in front of the Parma Heights Library with ten stations each depicting one of the first ten amendments to the Constitution. As a cooperative effort between private donors to the "Patriot Fund" and the City of Parma Heights, this mini-garden was arranged to include a walkway with inscribed pavers as a testament to the many donors to the Freedom Walk.

Its is the hope of the Bicentennial Celebration Committee and the Officials of the City of Parma Heights that everyone that walks through this Freedom Walk, willing to read and re-read the first ten amendments to our Constitution will be reminded of our basic freedoms which we tend to take for granted, and for which many of our Constitution will be reminded of basic freedoms which we tend to take

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for granted, and for which many of our ancestors died. It is to them that this permanent memorial is dedicated.

Congress of the United States,
begun and held at the Crity of, New York, a
Wednesday, the fourth of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty nine.

The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution:

Resolved, by the SENATE and HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA in Congress assembled. two thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following Articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as Amendments to the Constitution of the United States; all, or any of which articles, when ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz.

Articles in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the Original Constitution.

Article
Photographed by Craig Doda, March 7, 2026

2. A Celebration Of Bicentennial Of The Bill Of Rights Marker
the first ... After the first enumeration required by the first Article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred, after which, the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall be not less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall amount to two hundred, after which, the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty thousand persons. [Not Ratified]

Article the second ... No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. [Not Ratified]

Article the third ... Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Article the fourth ... A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Article the fifth ... No Soldier
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shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Article the sixth ... The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Article the seventh ... No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or Naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

Article the eighth ... In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.

Article the ninth ... In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact. tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Article the tenth ....... Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Article the eleventh. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Article the twelfth .... The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Civil Rights • Government & Politics • Patriots & Patriotism. A significant historical year for this entry is 1990.

Location. 41° 23.563′ N, 81° 45.609′ W. Marker is in Parma Heights, Ohio, in Cuyahoga County. It is on Pearl Road (U.S. 42) east of Olde York Road, on the left when traveling east. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 6206 Pearl Rd, Cleveland OH 44130, United States of America. Touch for directions.

Regionally, this marker is in Greater Cleveland,

on the Lake Erie Shore,

and in the Western Reserve.

It is also in the American Midwest

and on the Great Lakes.

Globally, it is in North America,

the Western Hemisphere,

the Western World,

and the Anglosphere.

Historically, it finds itself in what was once the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy,

the territory of the Mississippian Culture,

and the Northwest Territory.

Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker: Honoring the life of John E. Litten (here, next to this marker); Veterans Memorial (a few steps from this marker); George Washington (within shouting distance of this marker); First Brick Rural Road in United States (about 400 feet away, measured in a direct line); Parma Heights World War II Veterans Memorial (about 400 feet away); Artifact #1-0041a (about 500 feet away); In memoriam (approx. 0.6 miles away); Parma Heights Cemetery (approx. 0.6 miles away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Parma Heights.

Credits. This page was last revised on April 8, 2026. It was originally submitted on April 7, 2026, by Craig Doda of Napoleon, Ohio. This page has been viewed 10 times since then. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on April 7, 2026, by Craig Doda of Napoleon, Ohio. • Devry Becker Jones was the editor who published this page.