Chattahoochee in Gadsden County, Florida — The American South (South Atlantic)
The Treaty of Nicolls' Outpost
Photographed by James L.Whitman, September 26, 2026
1. The Treaty of Nicolls' Outpost Marker
Forging A New Alliance
British activity at Nicolls' Outpost did not conclude with news that the War of 1812 was over. Lt. Col. Nicolls convened a council here on March 10, 1815. The purpose was to forge a new alliance between Great Britain and the Native American tribes of Florida. The document is known as the Treaty of Nicolls' Outpost.
The treaty was signed by almost all the important Seminole, Miccosukee, Creek, and Yuchi leaders in Florida. Agreeing to cease hostilities against the United States, they requested that the British appoint a permanent agent to their nations. By an established mutual-defense pact, they proclaimed that an attack against one would be viewed as an attack against all.
The chiefs and warriors gathered here were incensed over the failure of John Forbes & Company, a Spanish-licensed trading firm, to support them in defending their lands and people against the United States. They unanimously cancelled the so-called Forbes Purchase, a transfer of 1.4 million acres demanded by the company in 1804-1811 as compensation for trading debts accrued by Native Americans.
The treaty was signed
this page online
Who was the Prophet Josiah Francis?
The Prophet Josiah Francis was among the signers of the Treaty of Nicolls Outpost. Numerous documents mention the charismatic religious leader's presence in the fort. Originator of the Red Stick movement, he was sometimes called the Alabama Prophet, who was often called hillis hadjo because he was a prophet. Although his father was of European descent, Francis advocated a return to traditional Native American ways. He believed that no chief or group of chiefs had the right to sign away traditional lands without the unanimous consent of all American Indians. He was appointed to represent Florida's Native Americans in Great Britain at the council ending in the Treaty of Nicolls' Outpost. After his diplomatic pilgrimage to England, Francis was hanged in 1818 by Andrew Jackson.
(captions)
Neamathla
Neamathla was a leader of the Red Stick Creek. When the British invited Native Americans to take up arms, Neamathla was among the first who responded to recruitment efforts
Photographed by James L.Whitman, September 26, 2026
2. The Treaty of Nicolls' Outpost Marker
Nicolls' Outpost treaty signatures. Photo source: National Archives of Great Britain
The Prophet Josiah Francis's shoulder bag, long deer skin hunting shirt, moccasins, leggings and a belt are housed in the British Museum.
This project is sponsored in part by the Department of State, Division of Historical Resources and the State of Florida.
Erected 2026 by Department of State, Division of Historical Resources and the State of Florida.
Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Indigenous Peoples and Communities • Peace • War of 1812. A significant historical date for this entry is March 10, 1815.
Location. 30° 42.038′ N, 84° 51.389′ W. Marker is in Chattahoochee, Florida, in Gadsden County. It is at the intersection of South River Landing Road and North River Landing Road, on the left when traveling south on South River Landing Road. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 500 S River Landing Rd, Chattahoochee FL 32324, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Regionally, this marker is in Greater Tallahassee and on the Florida Panhandle. It is also in the American South and specifically in the Deep South. Globally, it is in the North Atlantic Region, North America, a Gulf of Mexico state, the Western Hemisphere, the Western World, and the Anglosphere. Historically, it finds itself in what was once New Spain, the territory of the Mississippian Culture, one of the Confederate States of America, and the Antebellum South.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker: The British Evacuation (here, next to this marker); The Front Line of Freedom (here, next to this marker); Confrontation with the United States (here, next to this marker); Archaeology of Nicolls' Outpost (here, next to this marker); Nicolls' Outpost (within shouting distance of this marker); The Scott Massacre (within shouting distance of this marker); Chattahoochee Landing Mound Group (within shouting distance of this marker); The Scott Battle of 1817 (within shouting distance of this marker). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Chattahoochee.
Credits. This page was last revised on October 15, 2026. It was originally submitted on October 1, 2026, by James L.Whitman of Eufaula, Alabama. This page has been viewed 8 times since then. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on October 1, 2026, by James L.Whitman of Eufaula, Alabama. • Bernard Fisher was the editor who published this page.
