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Tweed in Hastings County, Ontario — Central Canada (North America)
 

The Hungerford Smallpox Epidemic of 1884

L’épidémie de variole de 1884 à Hungerford

 
 
The Hungerford Smallpox Epidemic of 1884 Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed by Kevin Craft, May 25, 2014
1. The Hungerford Smallpox Epidemic of 1884 Marker
Inscription.  The viral disease of smallpox - widespread in 19th century Ontario - flared up in a severe epidemic in Hungerford Township in 1884. The outbreak claimed at least 45 lives in 202 reported cases and disrupted economic activity and family life for many more. Local efforts by municipal authorities and private physicians were initially unable to halt the disease, and its wider spread throughout the province seemed likely. The newly established Provincial Board of Health and its hired officers swiftly undertook fumigation, enforced isolation and mass vaccination. The disease was contained, proving the value of public health measures applied consistently under coordinated direction. The Hungerford experience demonstrated the importance of quality vaccine, reliable supplies and skilled vaccinators. The Board's actions in 1884 transformed Ontario's approach to disease control when over 400 local boards of health were formed to assist in the delivery of essential medical services. As a result, Ontario earned an international reputation as an aggressive and innovative public health advocate during the mid-1880s.

La maladie virale de la variole — répandue au XIXe siècle en Ontario — provoque une grave épidémie dans le canton de Hungerford en 1884. L’épidémie cause le décès de 45 personnes parmi les 202 cas de variole signalés et perturbe l’activité économique et la vie familiale de nombreux autres citoyens. Les efforts déployés localement par les autorités municipales et les médecins privés ne parviennent pas au départ à enrayer la maladie et sa propagation dans toute la province semble inévitable. Le tout nouveau conseil de santé et les médecins à son service ordonnent des fumigations, l’isolement des malades et une campagne de vaccination massive. Le conseil parvient à juguler la maladie, faisant ainsi la preuve de la valeur de mesures de santé publique appliquées uniformément et de façon coordonnée. L’expérience de Hungerford démontre l’importance d’un vaccin de qualité, de fournitures fiables et de vaccinateurs compétents. Les mesures prise en 1884 par le conseil de santé transforment la façon dont l’Ontario lutte par la suite contre les maladies infectieuses et entraînent la création de plus de 400 conseils de santé locaux chargés d’appuyer la prestation de services médicaux essentiels. L’intervention dynamique et novatrice de l’Ontario lors de cette épidémie lui vaut, au milieu des années 1840, une réputation enviable à l’échelle mondiale comme défenseur de la santé publique.
 
Erected by Ontario
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Heritage Trust/Fiducie du patrimoine ontarien.
 
Topics and series. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: DisastersScience & Medicine. In addition, it is included in the Canada, Ontario Heritage Trust series list. A significant historical year for this entry is 1884.
 
Location. 44° 28.513′ N, 77° 18.64′ W. Marker is in Tweed, Ontario, in Hastings County. It is on Victoria Street North 0.1 kilometers north of River Street (County Route 38), on the right when traveling south. The marker is located on the grounds of the Tweed and Area Heritage Center which also houses the Tweed and Area Historical Society. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 40 Victoria Street North, Tweed ON K0K 3J0, Canada. Touch for directions.

Regionally, this marker is in Eastern Ontario and specifically in Southeastern Ontario. It is also in Central Canada. Globally, it is in North America, on the Great Lakes, in the Western Hemisphere, in the Western World, and in the Anglosphere. Historically, it finds itself in what was once a British colony, the Viceroyalty of New France, the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)
The Hungerford Smallpox Epidemic of 1884 Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed by Kevin Craft, May 25, 2014
2. The Hungerford Smallpox Epidemic of 1884 Marker
(along with other sundry items on the property of the Tweed and area Heritage Center, including a train crossing signal and a totem pole)
Confederacy, and Rupert’s Land.

Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 16 kilometers of this marker, measured as the crow flies: The Founding of Madoc (approx. 13 kilometers away); Thomas Thompson Memorial Park (approx. 13 kilometers away); War Memorial Cenotaph (approx. 13 kilometers away); Battle of Vimy Ridge 100th Anniversary / 385th Army Cadet Corps (approx. 13 kilometers away); John Weir Foote, V.C. 1904-1988 (approx. 13 kilometers away); Historical Gauen Cemetery (approx. 15.2 kilometers away); Stewart Kerby (approx. 15.6 kilometers away); Thomas Emo Fleming (approx. 15.6 kilometers away).
 
 
Credits. This page was last revised on December 5, 2024. It was originally submitted on May 27, 2014, by Kevin Craft of Bedford, Quebec. This page has been viewed 678 times since then and 18 times this year. Photos:   1, 2. submitted on May 27, 2014, by Kevin Craft of Bedford, Quebec. • Bill Pfingsten was the editor who published this page.
 
Editor’s want-list for this marker. Close photo of the French language side of the marker • Can you help?
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Aug. 25, 2026