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Lunenburg in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia — The Atlantic Provinces (North America)
 

Lunenburg’s Fishing Industry 1870’s - 1940’s

L’industrie de la pêche à Lunenburg de 1870 aux années 1940

 
 
Lunenburg’s Fishing Industry 1870’s - 1940’s Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed By Barry Swackhamer, June 16, 2014
1. Lunenburg’s Fishing Industry 1870’s - 1940’s Marker
Captions (English / French): (left side) Images of the dory at work. / Images de doris a l’oeuvre.; (right side, clockwise from the top) Fish flakes drying on Lunenburg Waterfront. / Poissons étendus à sécher sur des vignseaux montés sur les quais de Lunenburg.; Lunenburg fishing Captains, c. 1910 / Capitaines de bateaux de pêche, de Lunenburg, vers 1910.; Captain W.E. Smith / Le capitaine W.C. Smith; Founded in 1899, W.C. Smith and Company Limited was a successful chandlery and retail business. The company was later part of a merger that created Lunenburg Sea Products Limited, which eventually became High Liner Foods Inc. a major fishing company. / Fondée en 1899, la W.C. Smith and Company Limited est un commerce de détail et de fournitures pour bateaux florissant. La compagnie fait ultérieurement l’object d’une fusion que crée Lunenburg Sea Products Limited, entreprise que finira par devenir une importante entreprise de pêches appelée High Liner Foods Inc.; Crew of the Lunenburg schooner Frank Adams, c. 1910. / Équipage du Frank Adams, goélette de Lunenburg, vers 1910.; A pioneer of the Lunenburg fishing industry, Captain Benjamin Anderson (1835-1905) encouraged the use of the “double dory” fishing method in the 1870s. Using two men per dory (instead of one man) increased the fish catch, and by the turn of the century led to the expansion of Lunenburg’s fishing fleet. . Dan les années 1870, un pionnier de l’industrie de la pêche de Lunenburg, le capitaine Benjamin Anderson (1835-1905), a encouragé l’emploi de la méthode de pêche qui consiste à faire pêcher deux hommes dans chaque doris au lier d’un seul. Cette méthode a permis d’augmenter les prises de poisson et au début du siècle, a mené à l’expansion de la flotte de bateaux de pêche de Lunenburg.
Inscription. English
By 1870, Lunenburg schooners abandoned the Labrador fishery and concentrated on the fishing banks off of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. Instead of handlining from the schooner’s deck, fishermen set out in dories - double-ended, flat bottomed boats - which could be easily stackers on deck when not in use. Handlining soon gave way to the use of trawls or long lines. This consisted of a length of line almost a mile long with smaller lines and baited hooks every six feet. Trawls were set on the bottom from dories and as long as the fish were plentiful, the fishermen would haul the trawl, remove the fish and then bait and set each hook again. This method of setting and hauling was known as “under running” and it greatly improved the productivity of the cod fishery.

Besides catching the fish, many Lunenburgers were also involved in drying the catch on shore and in building the schooners and dories. Expenses and profits for each vessel were calculated by dividing its worth into 64 shares which were sold to members of the community. Investors would normally acquire shares in more than one vessel thus limiting any personal losses if a vessel was lost or had a poor season. By 1900, the salt fish trade with the West Indies was the mainstay of the Lunenburg economy and 200 fishing schooners carried nearly
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2000 Lunenburg County fishermen to the Grand Banks off New England.

The 20th century development of cold storage plants and the advent of auxiliary (motorized) schooners resulted in the growth of a “fresh fish” industry. Lunenburg fishermen continued to fish from dories using long lines or trawls but ice replaced salt as the preservative. Vessels such as the auxiliary schooner Theresa E. Connor, now part of the Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic, continued to fish until 1963 using methods similar to those developed in the mid-19th century.

Did you know that all of the dories used by Lunenburg schooners were built locally of wood cut in Lunenburg County woodlots?

French
En 1870, les goélettes de Lunenburg délaissent les eaux du Labrador pour se concentrer sur les bancs de pêche au large de la Nouvelle-Écosse et de Terre- Neuve. Au lieu de pêcher à la ligne à partir du pont de la goélette, les pêcheurs partent en doris - embarcations amphidromes à fond plat - qu’on peut facilement empiler sur le pont lorqsqu’on n’en a pas besoin. La linge à main a vite fait place aux lignes donnantes, appelées aussi palangres. Ces dernières sont des lignes de près d’un mille de long auxquelles pendent des cordelettes munies d’hameçons appâtes tous les six pieds. Les palangres sont posées au fond de l’eau à partier des doris.
Lunenburg’s Fishing Industry 1870’s - 1940’s Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed By Barry Swackhamer, June 16, 2014
2. Lunenburg’s Fishing Industry 1870’s - 1940’s Marker
The marker is below the "Admiral Benbow" sign.
Tant que le poisson abonde, les pêcheurs relèvent les lignes, en retirent le poisson et regarnissent les hameçons avant de les remettre à l’eau. Cette méthode permet d’accroître de beaucoup la productivité de la pêche à la morue.

Outre le capture du poisson, beaucoup de Lunenbourgouis s’occupent du séchages des prises à terre et de la construction de goélettes et de doris. Les dépenses et les bénéfices de chaque embarcation sont calculés en divisant leur somme entre les 64 parts vendues aux membres de la collectivité. En général, les investisseurs achètent des parts dans plus d’un bateau de manière à réduire leurs pertes en cas de naufrage ou d’une saison médiocre. En 1900, le commerce du poisson salé avec les Antilles est le pivot de l’économie lunenbourgoise et 200 goélettes de péche transportent près de 2 000 pêcheurs de comté de Lunenburg sur les Grands Bancs de Terre Neuve.

L’expansion des entrepôts frigorifiques au 20ᵉ siècle et l’avènement des goélettes à moteur ont pour résultat de faire naître l’industrie de la «peche fraîche». Les pêcheurs lunenbourgeois continuent de pêcher à la palangre dans des doris, mais la glace remplace le sel comme agent de conservation. Des navires comme la goélette à moteur Theresa E. Connor, qui fait maintenant partie du Musée de pêches de l’Atlantique, a été en service jusqu’en 1963, employant des méthodes
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semblables à celles qui ont été mises au point au milieu du 19ᵉ siècle.

Saviez-vous que le doris employés par les goélettes lunenbourgeoises sont tous fabriqués localement avec du bois coupé dans les forêts du comté de Lunenburg?
 
Erected by Town of Lunenburg.
 
Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Industry & CommerceWaterways & Vessels. A significant historical year for this entry is 1870.
 
Location. 44° 22.573′ N, 64° 18.673′ W. Marker is in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, in Lunenburg County. Marker is on Bluenose Drive close to King Street, on the right when traveling west. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 65 Bluenose Drive, Lunenburg NS B0J, Canada. Touch for directions.
 
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. Old Town Lunenburg Historic District (a few steps from this marker); Lunenburg’s Fishing Industry Since 1940’s (within shouting distance of this marker); The Labrador Whaler Anderson Bros. (within shouting distance of this marker); Lunenburg - Home of the Bluenose & Bluenose II (about 90 meters away, measured in a direct line); “…for those in peril on the sea.” (about 90 meters away); Lunenburg’s Fishing Industry to the 1870’s (about 120 meters away); Rum Running (about 180 meters away); The Fire / Le Feu (about 210 meters away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Lunenburg.
 
 
Credits. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016. It was originally submitted on October 22, 2014, by Barry Swackhamer of Brentwood, California. This page has been viewed 627 times since then and 17 times this year. Photos:   1, 2. submitted on October 22, 2014, by Barry Swackhamer of Brentwood, California. • Andrew Ruppenstein was the editor who published this page.

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Apr. 25, 2024