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Kalenderhane in İstanbul in Fatih, Turkey — West Asia or Southeast Europe
 

March 16th Martyrs

On Altı Mart Şehitleri

 
 
March 16th Martyrs Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed By Barry Swackhamer, May 12, 2015
1. March 16th Martyrs Marker
Captions: (top) The guardhouse where the Harmonica Division used to reside in when troops were martyrized on March 16; (bottom left) Tombs of the martyrs of March 16 in Eyüp; (bottom right) Arabic inscription on the tombs of the martyrs of March 16 in Eyüp.
Inscription. English:
The ”March 16th Martyrs" is an event that took place on 16th March 1920 when the military station in Şehzadebaş was raided and six soldiers killed during the British occupation of Istanbul. After the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30th October 1918, the Entente Powers’ fleets anchored their battleships in front of Dolmabahçe Palace and landed troops.This was not a complete occupation, however. As a result of these events, the nationwide movement which took place during 1919 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal became more powerful. Also Salih Hulusi Pasha, who became the Grand Vizier on 8th March 1920, also showed a tendency to support the nationwide movement. On 17th February 1920, the Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire accepted the National Oath. Considering that the Nationwide Movement had officially won recognition in France, the British government began to worry and took the decision to occupy Istanbul against these developments. It also stressed this idea to its allies. They decided to limit occupation to Istanbul and not to intervene with civil authorities. On 16th March 1920, British battleships anchored at the Bosporus began to land troops early in the morning. At around 05:30, a British corps came to the 10th Division Headquarters in Şehzadebaşi and killed the security
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guard who tried to block their way in order to enter the building. British soldiers first killed a non-com who had run towards the door. Thereafter, they entered the ward where the soldiers were sleeping and killed four of them. Fifteen soldiers were wounded in the same event. Meanwhile, British corps were occupying strategic points, such as post offices and state offices, and raiding the houses of people who were known to support the nationwide movement. They arrested these people. Following this, the Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire took the decision after two days of the occupation to dissolve itself.

After the occupation of Izmir by the Greeks, Istanbul's occupation by the British armies reinforced the idea that independence would not have been gained by compromising with the Entente powers and it also strengthened the authority of Ankara government. This occupation is also important since it triggered an increased sympathy for the Turkish national struggle.

Turkish:
16 Mart 1920'de İstanbu|'ın İngilizlerce işgali sırasında Şehzadebaşı' ndaki askeri mızıka karakolunun basılması ve 6 askerin öldürülmesi olayıdır. 30 Ekim 1918'de imzalanan Mondros Mütarekesinden sonra İtilaf devletleri donanmalarına bağlı Zırhlılar Istanbul'a
On Altı Mart Şehitleri Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed By Barry Swackhamer, May 12, 2015
2. On Altı Mart Şehitleri Marker
Captions: (top) 16 Martta askerlerimizin şehit edildiǧi mızıka bölümünün ikamet etiǧi karakol binası. ; (bottom left) 16 Mart şehitlerinin Eyüp'teki mezarlar; (bottom right) 16 Mart şehitlerinin Eyüp'teki mezarlar üzerindeki arap harfli kitabe,
gelerek Dolmabahçe Sarayı önlerinde demirlemişler, karaya asker de çıkarmışlardı. Ancak bu tam bir işgal değildi. Anadolu'da ise 1919 boyunca süren gelişmeler sonucunda Mustafa Kemal önderliğindeki milli hareket oldukça güçlenmiş bulunmaktaydı. 8 Mart 1920`de sadrazam olan Salih Hulusi Paşa da milli hareketi destekleme eğilimi göstermekteydi. Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusan'ı 17 Şubat 1920'de Misak-ı Milli'yi kabul etmişti. İngiltere hükümeti bu gelişmeler karşısında, Milli Hareketin varlığını Fransa'ya resmen kabul ettirmiş olmasını da göz önüne alarak, endişeye kapıldı ve İstanbul'u işgal etmeye karar verdi. Bu fikri, müttefiklerine de kabul ettirdi. Karara göre İstanbul'un işgaliyle yetinilecek ama sivil yönetime karışılmayacaktı. 16 Mart 1920'de Boğaziçindeki İngiliz zırhlıları sabahın erken saatlerinde karaya asker çıkarmaya başladılar. Bir İngiliz müfrezesi saat 05.30 sıralarında Şehzadebaşrndaki 10.Tümen Karargâhı'na geldi ve silahına davranan Nizamiye nöbetçisini öldürdükten sonra binanın içine girdi. İngiliz askerleri önce kapıya doğru koşan bir onbaşıyı
March 16th Martyrs Marker (Arabic) image. Click for full size.
Photographed By Barry Swackhamer, May 12, 2015
3. March 16th Martyrs Marker (Arabic)
daha sonra da askeri mızıka erlerinin uyumakta olduğu koğuşa girerek buradaki erlerden dördünü şehit ettiler. Olay sırasında 15 Er de yaralanmıştır. Bu sırada kentin diğer yerlerine dağılan İngiliz müfrezeleri dem stratejik noktaları, postaneleri, resmi daireleri işgal etmekte ve milli hareketi desteklediği bilinen kişilerin evlerini basarak tutuklamaktaydı. Bunun üzerine Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusan'ı işgalden iki gün sonra aldığı bir kararla kendisini feshetti.

İzmir'in Yunanlılarca işgalinden sonra İstanbul'un da İngilizler tarafından işgal edilmesi, bağımsızlığın itilaf devletleriyle uzlaşarak kazanılamayacağı düşüncesini ve Ankara'nın otoritesini güçlendirdi. Bu işgal İstanbul halkı arasında milli harekete duyulan sempatiyi arttırması bakımından da önem taşımaktadır.

Arabic: To read the Arabic text, click on the Arabic image to enlarge it.
 
Erected by Istanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality).
 
Topics. This historical marker is listed in this topic list: Notable Events. A significant historical date for this entry is February 17, 1920.
 
Location.
March 16th Martyrs Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed By Barry Swackhamer, May 12, 2015
4. March 16th Martyrs Marker
41° 0.744′ N, 28° 57.572′ E. Marker is in İstanbul, in Fatih. It is in Kalenderhane. Marker is on 16 Mart Şehitleri Caddesi close to Şehzadebaşı Caddesi, on the left when traveling south. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 16 Mart Şehitleri Cd 1, İstanbul 34134, Turkey. Touch for directions.
 
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. Şehzade Mosque and Complex (approx. 0.3 kilometers away); The Ruins of the Triumphal Arch of Theodosius (approx. 0.4 kilometers away); Şimkeşhane (approx. 0.4 kilometers away); Suleymaniye Mosque and Social Complex (approx. half a kilometer away); The Tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent (approx. half a kilometer away); Mimar Sinan (approx. 0.6 kilometers away); Rustem Pasha Mosque (approx. one kilometer away); The History of the Egyptian Bazaar (approx. 1.1 kilometers away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in İstanbul.
 
 
Credits. This page was last revised on February 13, 2023. It was originally submitted on July 1, 2015, by Barry Swackhamer of Brentwood, California. This page has been viewed 650 times since then and 31 times this year. Photos:   1, 2, 3, 4. submitted on July 1, 2015, by Barry Swackhamer of Brentwood, California. • Andrew Ruppenstein was the editor who published this page.

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Apr. 24, 2024