Acer rubrum (red maple)

Acer rubrum (red maple). . , Family: Aceraceae (Maple Family), Distribution: Red maple is one of the most widely distributed trees in eastern North America. It grows west to southern Ontario and Minnesota and as far south as Texas. Red maple is found in almost every county in West Virginia., Size: This medium-sized tree grows between 2-5 ft. a year. It can reach a height of approximately 130 ft., Habitat/Description: This tree prefers swamps and moist woods. It is one of the hardiest and abundant species in the Eastern deciduous forests. It can thrive in sun or shade, moist or dry soils, swamps, and in soils with high or low nutrient content. Red maple flowers from March to April; pollination is by wind and probably also by bees that collect the pollen. Winged fruits, called samaras, appear in April to June. The flowers, buds, and seeds are eaten by various species of wildlife. The stump sprouts are consumed by rabbits, white-tailed deer, elk, and moose in the fall and winter. Chipmunks and squirrels store the seeds. Wood ducks and other nesters present in river floodplain communities have been known to make their homes in the tree cavities. This plant's leaves turn bright red in fall. This is a native, non-invasive species., Ethnobotanical Uses: Native Americans used the bark of red maple as a wash for inflamed eyes and cataracts. They also used it as an analgesic and remedy for muscle aches and hives. The inner bark has been used to make a tea that treats cough and diarrhea. Pioneers used an extract made from the bark to create black and brown clothing dyes. When iron sulfate was added to the tannins in red maple bark, a useful ink was produced. Although it is not as sweet as the sugar maple, sap of this tree can be used to make maple syrup. The fine-grained timber has been used to make cabinets, furniture, and flooring.