Fort Boykin

Fort Boykin. True Southerners Do and Dare. Directly in front of you is the entrance to Fort Boykin. Originally built in 1623 to protect the colonists against “Spaniards by sea and Indians by land” and called “The Castle,” the fort was rebuilt during the Revolutionary War and renamed Fort Boykin in honor of Major Francis Boykin. This seven-pointed star-shaped fortification was also activated to defend Virginia against the British during the War of 18 12., Fort Boykin’s steep cliffs and commanding view of the James River made it an important position from which the Confederates could defend Richmond. The fort was quickly manned by Confederate forces shortly after Virginia’s secession from the Union. The famous poet, Sidney Lanier, was one of the Confederate soldiers stationed at Fort Boykin during the early months of the war. While serving at Boykin Lanier wrote “Beautiful Ladies,” “Hoe Cakes,” and began the novel Tiger Lilies., Fort Boykin was the south side anchor of Maj. Gen. John Bankhead Magruder’s, CSA, arc of fortifications(2nd Peninsula Defensive Line) which stretched from Burwell’s Bay across the James River to Mulberry Island; thence followed the Warwick River to Yorktown and then across the York River to Gloucester Point. It was a formidable defensive system which, with the help of the powerful ironclad ram CSS Virginia (Merrimack), was able to block Maj. Gen. George Brinton McClellan’s advance toward Richmond during the Peninsula Campaign’s initial phase., Norfolk’s capture by the Union and the subsequent destruction of the Virginia opened the James River to the Union fleet. On May 8, 1862, the USS Galena, USS Minnesota, and USS Susquehanna shelled Fort Boykin and, since the Federal fleet’s guns out-ranged those of the fort, the Confederates abandoned the earthwork. The Union ships returned on May 17th and blew up the fort’s powder magazines. Fort Boykin’s partial destruction ended its 239-year career as a defender of the Commonwealth against its enemies., (captions) , Sidney Lanier, "the Poet Laureate of the Confederacy." Courtesy of Library of Virginia., This map details the Confederate arc of fortifications defending the Peninsula and its two river borders.