Ma Ka Hana Ka 'Ike
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Insight Through Experience

Ma Ka Hana Ka 'Ike, also, Insight Through Experience. . , In 1848 under Kang Kamehameha III, the Mahele (divide) privatized land for the first time in Hawai'i. The changes wrought by the Mahele are still felt today., Maka'aiana (common people) were allowed to apply for ownership of kuleana (small plots of land) that their families had lived on for generations. Because maka'aiana were not accustomed to private land ownership, most lands intended for them ended up sold or leased to foreigners., Agricultural businesses acquired and cleared thousands of acres of native habitat, contributing to the loss of many species found nowhere else on earth. Foreign businessmen, wanting more favorable trade agreements with the United States, overthrew the Hawaiian. Kingdom's government in 1893, resulting in the controversial US. annexation of Hawai'i in 1898., In 1993, the US government formally apologized for the overthrow via Public Law 103-150, known as the Apology Resolution., [Captions:] , In 1881, Kipahulu was a sugar cane plantation. From 1922-25, pineapples were grown. Later, this area was a cattle ranch. In the 1960's, resort owners planned to develop 'Ohe'o Gulch., Through the advocacy of many local residents, the Rockefeller family, and The Nature Conservancy, the lower Kipahulu Valley was instead added to Haleakala National Park in 1969., Habitat restoration efforts began soon afterwards with the help of staff, community residents, volunteers, and pther partners., A 50-mile fence is maintained around the park to protect native ecosystems from deer, cows, goats, pigs, and other non-native mammals. , Due to soil disturbance from ranching and plantations, non-native plants grow throughout the lower Kipahulu Valley. Park staff and partners continually remove non-native species and restore native flora.