THE HISTORICAL
MARKER DATABASE
“Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History”
 
 
 
 
 
 
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University of Illinois Historical Markers

A series of markers highlighting scientific, educational and technological discoveries and accomplishments by university faculty and students.
 
By Duane and Tracy Marsteller, May 28, 2023
Physical Fitness Research Laboratory Marker
1 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Champaign — Physical Fitness Research Laboratory —
On South 4th Street at East Gregory Drive, on the left when traveling south on South 4th Street.
In 1944, Thomas K. Cureton became the director of the Physical Fitness Research Laboratory, one of the first of its kind in the nation. He developed methods to test motor and cardiovascular fitness and aquatic performance and to appraise . . . — — Map (db m225523) HM
2 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Champaign, Champaign City Township — Architectural Education —
On Lorado Taft Drive.
Nathan C. Ricker, the first person to graduate in architecture in the United States, established an architectural program here at his alma mater in 1873. Ricker emphasized the application of science and technology to design. He strove to create an . . . — — Map (db m225558) HM
3 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Champaign, Champaign City Township — Culture on the Prairie —
On East Peabody Drive 0.1 miles east of South 4th Street, on the left when traveling east.
Allen S. Weller led the Urbana campus to a period of great artistic growth and innovation from 1954 to 1971. His imagination and efforts were the force behind experimentation in the visual arts, dance, and music, and the development of . . . — — Map (db m225525) HM
4 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Champaign, Champaign City Township — Illinois Historical Collections —
Near East Armory Avenue at South Wright Street, on the right when traveling east.
In the early 20th century, Clarence W. Alvord gathered sources for Illinois history, directed the Illinois Historical Survey, edited the collections of the Illinois State Historical Library, wrote histories of colonial Illinois and the Mississippi . . . — — Map (db m225556) HM
5 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Champaign, Champaign City Township — Public Broadcasting —
Near South Wright Street at East Armory Avenue.
In 1949, Wilbur Schramm organized the conference of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters, which laid the philosophical basis for public broadcasting in the United States. From that beginning, grew both National Public Radio (NPR) and . . . — — Map (db m225554) HM
6 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana — Anthropology and Society —
Near South Mathews Avenue at West Oregon Street.
During the mid-twentieth century, two anthropologists made landmark contributions to their field. Julian H. Steward developed cultural ecology, a method for studying cultural change by analyzing the interaction of social life, environment, and . . . — — Map (db m109619) HM
7 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana — Cyclothems —
Near South Mathews Avenue 0.1 miles south of West Green Street, on the right when traveling south.
In 1932, Harold R. Wanless introduced the term cyclothem to describe the succession of sedimentary rock layers found in coal-bearing formations. The understanding of cyclothems remains an indispensable tool for predicting the location . . . — — Map (db m225540) HM
8 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana — Illini Supersweet Corn —
Near South Mathews Avenue 0.1 miles west of West Oregon Street.
Illini Supersweet Corn In 1953, John R. Laughnan discovered that kernels of mutant corn were "unusually sweet." Within eight years, Laughnan had developed the "Illini Supersweet" hybrid that revolutionized the sweet corn industry. . . . — — Map (db m109618) HM
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9 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Archaea —
Near South Goodwin Avenue at West Illinois Street, on the right when traveling south.
In 1969, Carl Woese began using molecular sequences of RNA to study the evolutionary history of life on Earth, eventually determining the first “tree of life.” This project led, in 1977, to the discovery of a third branch of life: the archaea . . . — — Map (db m225539) HM
10 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Beginnings of Computer Music —
On West Oregon Street east of South Goodwin Avenue, on the right when traveling east.
Lejaren A. Hiller and Leonard M. Isaacson created the first substantial computer- produced musical composition. The premiere of the “ILLIAC Suite” for string quartet on August 9, 1956 at the Urbana campus of the University of Illinois changed . . . — — Map (db m225597) HM
11 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Computer-Based Education —
On South Mathews Avenue 0.1 miles north of West Green Street, on the left when traveling north.
In 1961, Don L. Bitzer, co-inventor of the plasma display panel, and Chalmers W. Sherwin introduced PLATO, the first computer-based education system, the first time-shared education system, and the home of the first on-line community. By the early . . . — — Map (db m225545) HM
12 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Creation of Research Library —
Near West Gregory Drive 0.1 miles east of South 6th Street, on the left when traveling east.
Under the administrations of Phineas L. Windsor (1909-1940) and Robert B. Downs (1943-1971), the library grew from fewer than a million volumes to nearly five million volumes and became one of the world's great libraries. Windsor aggressively built . . . — — Map (db m225557) HM
13 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Early Computers —
Near West Springfield Avenue 0.1 miles east of South Wright Street, on the left when traveling east.
Combining the administrative and computer experience of Louis N. Ridenour, the mathematical ability of Abraham H. Taub, and the electrical engineering background of Ralph E. Meagher, in 1952 the Digital Computer Laboratory developed ILLIAC I. The . . . — — Map (db m225548) HM
14 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Former Site of the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign —
On South Mathews Avenue 0.1 miles south of West Green Street, on the left when traveling south.
The University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign (1971-2022) educated over 4500 physicians, including many from underrepresented groups in the urban health and rural medicine programs, who went on to practice in . . . — — Map (db m225538) HM
15 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Illite and Clay Mineralogy —
Near West Green Street west of South Mathews Avenue, on the left when traveling west.
A leading researcher of clay minerals (which constitute 40% of all sedimentary rock), Professor Ralph Early Grim discovered the mineral illite and opened a new field of geological study, clay mineralogy. Grim's work led to important advances in . . . — — Map (db m225542) HM
16 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Measuring Molecular Structure —
Near South Mathews Avenue 0.2 miles south of West Green Street, on the right when traveling south.
From 1961 to 1981, Professor of Chemistry Willis H. Flygare developed powerful new methods to measure the properties of molecules, culminating in the invention of the Fourier Transform Microwave Spectrometer. This apparatus and . . . — — Map (db m225536) HM
17 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Modern Pork Industry —
Near West Gregory Drive 0.1 miles west of South Goodwin Avenue, on the left when traveling west.
Today's swine industry was fundamentally changed by the animal nutrition research of D. Eugene Becker. In the 1950s, he demonstrated that it was possible to ensure swine growth with a simple combination of corn, soybean meal, vitamins and minerals. . . . — — Map (db m225530) HM
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18 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Morrow Plots — University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign —
On West Gregory Drive 0.2 miles east of South 6th Street, on the left when traveling east.
Started in 1876, the Morrow Plots are the oldest field experiment in the United States. First known as “Rotation Experiment No. 23” and modeled after trials at Rothamsted, England, the plots were established to study the long-term effects of crop . . . — — Map (db m225531) HM
19 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Multiphase Fluid Dynamics —
Near South Mathews Avenue north of West Green Street, on the right when traveling north.
Shao L. Soo's research at Illinois from 1959 to 1992 helped clarify the intricacies in the physics and equations of motion governing multiphase flows, in particular the electric effects in gas/solid particle flows. Soo's work . . . — — Map (db m225544) HM
20 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Nuclear Magnetic Resonance —
Near South Mathews Avenue 0.2 miles south of West Green Street, on the right when traveling south.
Herbert S. Gutowsky showed that nuclear magnetic resonance could be used to establish molecular structure and to measure rates of chemical and biological reactions and motion in solids. As a result of his work beginning in 1948, nuclear . . . — — Map (db m225537) HM
21 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Nuclear Magnetic Resonance —
On South Goodwin Avenue south of West Illinois Street, on the right when traveling south.
Paul Lauterbur was a pioneer in the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to visualize molecules, solutions and solids. He was the first researcher to produce an image with NMR. His work led to the development of magnetic resonance imaging . . . — — Map (db m225599) HM
22 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Preschool Learning —
On West Nevada Street at South Gregory Street, on the left when traveling west on West Nevada Street.
Joseph M. Hunt was a pioneer in the study of child development. He provided experimental evidence for the powerful and lasting effects of early experience on the development of intelligence and personality. Hunt helped to convince the Kennedy . . . — — Map (db m225580) HM
23 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Quantum-Well Laser —
Near South Wright Street at East Healey Street.
Nick Holonyak Jr., John Bardeen's first graduate student at Illinois, invented the first practical light-emitting diode (LED) at General Electric before returning in 1963 to Illinois as a faculty member. In 1977, Holonyak and his students . . . — — Map (db m225549) HM
24 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Sound on Film —
Near West Green Street east of South Wright Street, on the left when traveling east.
The first public demonstration of sound recorded simultaneously with pictures on film took place at the Urbana campus on June 9, 1922. Joseph T. Tykociner's double-feature motion picture included ringing a bell and reading the Gettysburg . . . — — Map (db m225552) HM
25 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — String Project —
On West Nevada Street east of South Goodwin Avenue, on the left when traveling east.
Paul Rolland was the first to use science-based research to consider the role of movement in the acquisition of stringed-instrument performance technique. His movement-centered approach has had world-wide influence in the teaching of children to . . . — — Map (db m225576) HM
26 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Superfluidity —
On South Goodwin Avenue at West Green Street, on the right when traveling north on South Goodwin Avenue.
Anthony J. Leggett was awarded the 2003 Nobel prize in physics for his pioneering work in the theory of superconductors and superfluids. Leggett's research into zero- viscosity superfluid liquids gave science a deeper understanding of the . . . — — Map (db m225600) HM
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27 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Theory of Superconductivity —
Near West Green Street east of South Wright Street, on the left when traveling east.
Theoretical physicist John Bardeen was the first person to win two Nobel prizes in the same field. His first, in 1956, shared with Walter Brattain and William Shockley, was for the invention of the transistor, the basic component of electronic . . . — — Map (db m225551) HM
28 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Understanding Photosynthesis —
Near West Green Street at South Mathews Avenue, on the right when traveling east.
Illinois was home to two pioneers of photosynthesis research. Robert Emerson and Eugene Rabinowitch made fundamental discoveries that revealed the mechanisms for converting light to chemical energy in photosynthesis. Rabinowitch applied . . . — — Map (db m225543) HM
29 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Cunningham Township — Web Browser —
Near North Mathews Avenue at West Main Street, on the right when traveling north.
Mosaic, the first popular graphical browser for the World Wide Web, was created by Marc L. Andreessen and Eric J. Bina at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications [NCSA]. Upon its 1993 release to the public, Mosaic gave internet users . . . — — Map (db m225547) HM
30 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Urbana Township — Dairy Experimental Round Barns — University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign —
Near Saint Marys Road at South Goodwin Avenue, on the left when traveling west.
These three round barns served as model dairy facilities for the University's 20-acre demonstration dairy farm developed in the early 20th century. The farm's sole purpose was to produce the largest amount of milk per acre at the lowest possible . . . — — Map (db m225577) HM
31 ► Illinois, Champaign County, Urbana, Urbana Township — Modern Protozoology —
Near South Lincoln Avenue south of Saint Marys Road, on the right when traveling south.
From the 1930s through the 1980s Norman D. Levine conducted research on protozoa and other parasitic organisms that cause disease and can be transmitted from animals to humans. His work resulted in advances in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention . . . — — Map (db m225579) HM
 
 
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Nov. 11, 2026