101 ► Oregon, Wallowa County, Imnaha — The Bonneville Expedition —

"When great obstacles present, and threaten to keep them back, their hearts swell, and they push forward" Washington Irving An exploration party crossed this divide between the Snake and the Imnaha in winter. Capt. B.L.E. Bonneville and three . . . — — Map (db m92932) HM

102 ► Oregon, Wasco County, Mosier — Memaloose Overlook — Islands of the Dead —

The Indian Peoples of the Columbia River did not bury their dead until very recent times. Instead, bodies were wrapped in robes or tule mats and deposited in canoes which were placed in the woods, on rocky points, or in cedar vaults on islands . . . — — Map (db m112253) HM

103 ► Oregon, Wasco County, Mosier — Memaloose—Island of the Dead — Oregon History —

Until very recent times, the Indian people of the Columbia River did not bury their dead, Instead, bodies were wrapped in robes or tule mats and deposited in canoes that were placed in the woods, on rocky points, or in cedar vaults on islands like . . . — — Map (db m113517) HM

104 ► Oregon, Wasco County, The Dalles — Archaeology of Lewis & Clark —

Determining the exact location of the campsite used by the Lewis and Clark expedition is not as easy as it may seem. Archaeological evidence of the Lower Portage Camp below the Great Falls of the Missouri was announced by Ken Karsmirki in 1994. In . . . — — Map (db m158412) HM

105 ► Oregon, Wasco County, The Dalles — Establishing Rock Fort —

Although the Lewis and Clark expedition established Rock Fort under ominous conditions, their experience was not as threatening as they had been warned. It is possible that the perceived hostility had more to do with the tensions between the . . . — — Map (db m158411) HM

106 ► Oregon, Wasco County, The Dalles — Greatest Indian Fishery of the Northwest —

Before The Dalles Dam was built, the Columbia River plunged over Celilo Falls and cut through the Narrows or Five Mile Rapids. Although obstacles to navigation, the falls created the region’s greatest fishing site. For more than 10,000 years . . . — — Map (db m111985) HM

107 ► Oregon, Wasco County, The Dalles — Importance of Salmon —

Assets of the Columbia River, from the Dalles east at the Long Narrows and Cielo Falls was the most productive fishing area in North America. The power of salmon in the lives of American Indians living along the Columbia River can not be . . . — — Map (db m158361) HM

108 ► Oregon, Wasco County, The Dalles — Rock Fort Camp — October 25, 1805 —

Rock Fort is an important mid-Columbia campsite for the Lewis and Clark Expedition. After a portage around the Great Falls (Celilo) they came to a gentle part of the river near the present city of The Dalles. They formed their camp on a high point . . . — — Map (db m112021) HM

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109 ► Oregon, Wasco County, The Dalles — Rumor of Attack —

On the journey down the Columbia, the expedition relied upon the Nez Perce chief Twisted Hair (Walamo> ńus'ynia) for his knowledge of the river rapids and interpretive skills with the downstream people. As the expedition passed village . . . — — Map (db m158410) HM

110 ► Oregon, Wasco County, The Dalles — The Corps of Discovery "Into the Narrows" — Thursday 24th October 1805 —

President Thomas Jefferson's vision, which was reflected in a letter of credit written in 1803 was about to be realized in less than 200 miles, but first the Corps had to shoot the rapids of the Narrows of the Columbia. The important supplies were . . . — — Map (db m112467) HM

111 ► Oregon, Wasco County, The Dalles — The Lewis & Clark Expedition —

In 1804-1806, Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led the Corps of Discovery on an epic journey. Charged by President Thomas Jefferson to find a water route to the Pacific Ocean through the newly acquired Louisiana territory, they mapped the . . . — — Map (db m158417) HM

112 ► Oregon, Wasco County, The Dalles — The Lewis and Clark Expedition —

In 1804-06, Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led about 40 soldiers and boatmen on an epic journey. President Thomas Jefferson commissioned this “Corps of Discovery” to find a route to the Pacific Ocean through the newly . . . — — Map (db m111984) HM

113 ► Oregon, Wasco County, The Dalles — Trade Center for 10000 Years —

The Dalles has long been a center of commerce between the Pacific Coast and inland Plateau. Chinook Indian traders, negotiated trade using "Chinookk jargon,' a mixture of Salish, Nootka, Chinook, and eventually English. Here could be found trade . . . — — Map (db m158363) HM

114 ► Oregon, Wheeler County, Mitchell — Fossils on the Frontier —

Northern Paiute Indians and a few mountain men were the only residents of the John Day Country before 1860. Cavalry troops passed through the John Day River drainage looking for the best route from the Columbia River to Fort Boise. One company, . . . — — Map (db m71675) HM

115 ► Oregon, Wheeler County, Mitchell — Who was John Day? —

John Day came to Oregon in 1812 as part of an overland expedition to the new Pacific Fur Company post in Astoria. The once large party split up into many small groups before reaching Oregon Territory. While camped where the mouth of the . . . — — Map (db m114108) HM

116 ► Oregon, Yamhill County, Dayton — Pioneer Park and Blockhouse —

This Pioneer Park and Blockhouse honors General Joel Palmer, Superintendant of Indian Affairs for the Oregon Territory from 1853 to 1857. Appointed by President Franklin Pierce. Frontiersman, author, legislator and friend of the Indian. His journal, . . . — — Map (db m114312) HM

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