101 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Rubia tinctorum — Madder —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

Having been used since at least 2000 B.C., the reddish orange roots contain several dye substances. It was used to dye the British redcoats and was best known as the source of Turkey red on linen and cotton textiles. — — Map (db m144650) HM

102 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Rubus odoratus — Flowering Raspberry —

Near Meadow Road Northeast east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

The Cherokee drank a brew of the highly astringent leaves for bowel problems. — — Map (db m235702) HM

103 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Ruscus aculeatus — Butcher's Broom —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

According to Dioscorides, leaves and berries were drunk in wine to encourage menstruation, to break up bladder stones, and to cure jaundice and headache. This mixture could also be used as a diuretic. — — Map (db m144657) HM

104 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — 84826-H — Saccharum officinarum — sugarcane —

Near Meadow Road Northeast east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

This grass has been a source of sugar for at least 5,000 years, and sugar was the original sweetener of choice in the beverage industry. Cane juice, molasses, and falernum syrup are all made from this plant, and are used in the brewing of stouts or . . . — — Map (db m235690) HM

105 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Salvia lyrata — Lyre-leaved Sage —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

The roots of this sage were used by Native Americans to make a salve for sores. — — Map (db m144620) HM

106 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Salvia sclarea — Clary Sage —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

Clary wine was considered an aphrodisiac in the sixteenth century. The bitter aromatic leaves flavor wine, ale, beer and liqueurs. — — Map (db m144693) HM

107 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Sanguinaria canadensis — Bloodroot —

On Meadow Road Northeast just east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

The root has an orange-red dye that was used to paint the Meskwaki Indian warriors and to dye Rush mats made by the women. Narragansett Indians used the root as a cosmetic. — — Map (db m207120) HM

108 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Satureja douglasii — Yerba Buena —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

The Cahuilla of southern California believed a tea made from this plant to be an effective remedy for reducing fevers and curing colds. — — Map (db m144618) HM

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109 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Satureja montana — Winter Savory —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

Colonists brought winter savory over to the new world to flavor dishes, stuffings to meat, fish and sausages. Leaves were taken to stimulate the appetite and to aid in digestion. — — Map (db m144634) HM

110 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Silybum marianum — Milk Thistle —

Near Meadow Road Northeast east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

Research has validated the historic use of this plant for liver problems. Its active constituents help detoxify the liver and spur the regeneration of liver cells. As a result, it is useful for treating liver damage associated with alcohol abuse and . . . — — Map (db m235701) HM

111 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Silybum marianum — Milk Thistle —

Near Meadow Road Northeast east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

The juice of the root, drunk with honey-water, was said to provoke vomiting. — — Map (db m235718) HM

112 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Smilacina racemosa — Plumelily —

Near Eagle Nest Road Northeast, 0.1 miles south of Meadow Road Northeast, on the left when traveling south.

Smoke from the burning root was used by the Meskwaki to revive unconscious patients, to hush a crying child, and to cast spells. — — Map (db m144573) HM

113 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Solidago canadensis — Canada Goldenrod —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

The Potowami called it "yellow top" and made a tea of the flowers to treat fevers. — — Map (db m144615) HM

114 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Solidago canadensis — Canada Goldenrod —

Near Meadow Road Northeast just east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

The leaves and stems have long been an excellent source of a yellow dye that has been popular with dyers since Colonial days. The Navajo Indians used it as a textile dye. Colors produced range from yellows to greens. — — Map (db m207117) HM

115 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Symphytum officinale — Comfrey —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

A lotion or mixture of the fresh or dried leaves or roots was used for bruises, wounds and sores. — — Map (db m144676) HM

116 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Symphytum officinale — Comfrey —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

Used for thousands of years to treat bruises and sprains, the plant contains compounds, such as allantoin, that promote healing and other substances that are anti-inflammatory. There is controversy concerning its safety, especially for internal use, . . . — — Map (db m144680) HM

117 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Tagetes sp. — Marigold —

Near Meadow Road Northeast just east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

Marigolds are thought to have been taken to Europe from the New World by Cortez. The flowers contain the same dye substances as onion skins. A variety of colors are imparted to wool depending on the mordant. — — Map (db m207115) HM

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118 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Tanacetum balsamita — Costmary —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

This plant was used by the colonists in a favorite spring tonic known as "Sweet Mary tea." It was also widely used throughout eastern Massachusetts in nosegays or as bookmarkers to enjoy during long sermons. — — Map (db m144637) HM

119 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Tanacetum vulgare — Tansy —

On Meadow Road Northeast just east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

Tansy tea was taken to calm cramps, but colonists also used tansy leaves as an insect repellant in their homes. Leaves were also rubbed on fresh meats to keep flies off. — — Map (db m144559) HM

120 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Teucrium chamaedrys — Wall Germander —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

Dioscorides reported that a beverage of the fruiting plant was drunk for convulsions and coughs. It was taken with wine by those who were bitten by poisonous beasts. — — Map (db m144675) HM

121 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Tradescantia virginiana — Common Spiderwort —

Near Meadow Road Northeast east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

Cherokee Indians ate the young leaves either boiled or fried. — — Map (db m235699) HM

122 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Trillium grandiflorum — Large Flowered Trillium —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

A decoction of the root was used for female diseases and to bring on childbirth by some tribes; others used it to treat headaches and rheumatism. — — Map (db m144606) HM

123 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Vaccinium corymbosum — Highbush Bluberry —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

The Chippewa made pemmican (high-energy food) by adding dried blueberries to moose fat and deer tallow. Native Americans also made a tea of blueberry roots to treat diarrhea and to ease childbirth. — — Map (db m144610) HM

124 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Valeriana officinalis — Valerian —

Near Eagle Nest Road Northeast, 0.1 miles south of Meadow Road Northeast, on the left when traveling south.

Tradition says the Pied Piper carried valerian root in his back pocket to help lure the rats out of Hamelin. The root has an offensive scent similar to Limburger cheese, but is also musky and balsamic and is used in perfumery in India and the Far . . . — — Map (db m144690) HM

125 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Verbascum thapsus — Mullein —

Near Meadow Road Northeast just east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

It contains the yellow dye substance luteolin and produces a range of olives and grays on wool. The flowers were used by Roman women as a hair colorant, and ashes of the burned plant were used to restore graying hair. — — Map (db m207113) HM

126 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Verbascum thapsus — Mullein —

Near Meadow Road Northeast east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

The tops of the dried stalks were dipped in fat and used as torches. Dried leaves of mullein were used in tea to help stop coughing. Soft leaves used fresh as socks for insulation and sometimes for diapers. — — Map (db m235714) HM

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127 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Veronicastrum virginicum — Culver's Root —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

The black roots contain a substance with powerful emetic (vomit-inducing) and cathartic (bowel-purging) properties which was used by the Senecas and Menomini. This root is potentially toxic. — — Map (db m144602) HM

128 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Vinca minor — Periwinkle —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

Periwinkle was used by the colonists to make soothing ointments for the skin. Fresh leaves were used to stop bleeding, externally and internally. — — Map (db m144555) HM

129 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Vinca minor — Periwinkle —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

Dioscorides suggested that the leaves be chewed for toothache and applied as a poultice for snakebite. He prescribed a drink of the leaves and stalks in wine for dysentery. — — Map (db m144678) HM

130 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Vitex agnus-castus — Chaste Tree —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

Dioscorides noted that chaste maidens used the plant for bedding. He recommended burning leaves to fumigate venomous beasts. A poultice of the leaves relieved stings. — — Map (db m144677) HM

131 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Yucca filamentosa — Adam's Needle —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

The Native Americans had been using the leaves since time immemorial to make twine and cordage. Men on Raleigh's second voyage to Virginia in 1586 noticed its economic potential. — — Map (db m144564) HM

132 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Zingiber officinale — Ginger —

Near Eagle Nest Road Northeast, 0.1 miles south of Meadow Road Northeast, on the left when traveling south.

Used as early as 3000 B.C. in China where it was prescribed for colds, fever, and leprosy, among other ailments. It was also used medicinally in ancient Greece and India. Research has identified constituents that have anti-inflammatory qualities, . . . — — Map (db m144685) HM

133 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Capitol Columns —

Near Elipse Road Northeast at Beechwood Road Northeast, on the left when traveling north.

These 22 Corinthian sandstone columns were among 24 that were part of the east portico of the United States Capitol. Architect Charles Bullfinch oversaw construction of the portico using a design handed down by his predecessors, William Thornton and . . . — — Map (db m918) HM

134 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Dawn Redwood from China — (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) —

On Conifer Road Northeast at Hickey Hill Road Northeast, on the left when traveling south on Conifer Road Northeast.

This small grove of Dawn Redwood is somewhat reminiscent of the few stands that occur in its native homeland, China. Known only through paleobotanical records prior to 1945, living specimens of this almost extinct plant were discovered in that year . . . — — Map (db m144582) HM

135 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Dioscorides Garden —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

These herbs planted here are a representative selection from plants listed about 60 A.D by the Greek physician, Dioscorides. The modern science of pharmacology is traced back to his efforts to list systematically the plants that were used for . . . — — Map (db m144439) HM

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136 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Medicinal Garden —

Near Eagle Nest Road Northeast, 0.1 miles south of Meadow Road Northeast, on the left when traveling south.

This garden illustrates the historic and current use of herbs as medicine. Plants have played an integral part in illness and disease treatment for thousands of years. By observation, trial, and error, people learned which plants had healing . . . — — Map (db m144438) HM

137 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Morrison Azalea Garden —

Near Eagle Nest Road Northeast west of Azalea Road Northeast, on the left when traveling east.

Assembled in this garden is a permanent collection of the Glenn Dale Hybrid Azaleas, originated, selected, and named by B. Y. Morrison, first Director of the U.S. National Arboretum. — — Map (db m966) HM

138 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — National Capitol Columns —

Near Elipse Road Northeast north of Beechwood Road Northeast, on the right when traveling south.

The presence of the National Capitol Columns on the knoll in this meadow was the inspiration of Ethel Shields Garrett, patron and friend of the National Arboretum. It was through her vision, courage, and determination for thirty years that these . . . — — Map (db m917) HM

139 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Olallie Daylilies —

On Boxwood Loop Northeast, 0.1 miles north of Azalea Road Northeast, on the right when traveling south.

Dr. George M. Darrow, upon retirement, devoted his life to developing tetraploid daylilies and improving diploid cultivars. His most successful efforts were aimed at obtaining very flowering daylilies using such species as Hemerocallis . . . — — Map (db m145887) HM

140 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — Sandstone Sculptures —

On Eagle Nest Road Northeast north of Azalea Road Northeast, on the right when traveling north.

The sandstone base and capital are from a Corinthian column that once graced the east central portico of the United States Capitol. The columns were dismantled in 1958 to make way for the east front extension, where marble reproductions now stand. . . . — — Map (db m7621) HM

141 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — The Knot Garden —

Near Meadow Road Northeast, 0.1 miles west of Ellipse Road Northeast, on the left when traveling west.

The formal knot expresses the traditional elegance of the garden design which originated in Europe during the 16th century. Knot garden designs are geometrically patterned on a level site with plants arranged so they may be pruned to follow a . . . — — Map (db m144435) HM

142 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — The Man Who Loved Conifers —

On Conifer Road Northeast just north of Hickey Hill Road Northeast, on the left when traveling north.

Would your hobby take you to the four corners of the world? Few private plant collectors have approached their hobby with more enthusiasm than the late William Gotelli who travelled the world in search of unusual conifers, collecting more than . . . — — Map (db m144583) HM

143 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Arboretum — World of Salvias —

On Meadow Road Northeast east of Eagle Nest Road Northeast, on the right when traveling east.

From the mountainous areas to the desert and the tropics, salvias commonly known as sage, can be found growing everywhere in the world except Australia and Antarctica. These members of the Mint Family have every imaginable variation in leaf . . . — — Map (db m235680) HM

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