101 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London — USCG Mojave (W-47) —

Near Mohegan Ave. Pkwy. north of Williams Street, on the right when traveling north.

In Memory of the Officers and Men who served on the USCGC Mojave (W-47) on South Greenland Patrols during World War II. Dedicated 11 October 1996 — — Map (db m205867) WM

102 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London — USCGA Class of 1944 Gazebo —

Gazebo Donated By USCGA Class of 1944 Fiftieth Reunion 1993 In Memory of Classmates Who Died in World War II Charles Edward Johnson Aircraft Missing • Aleutians December 1, 1943. Charles Webster Valaer Lost USS Leopold (DE-319) . . . — — Map (db m205828) WM

103 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London — Wars and Conflicts —

Near Mohegan Ave. Pkwy. north of Williams Street, on the right when traveling north.

Quasi-War with France War of 1812 Seminole War Civil War Spanish-American War World War I World War II Korea Vietnam Desert Storm United States Coast Guard Donated by The Class of 1941 Fifthieth Reunion — 1991 Dedicated . . . — — Map (db m205826) WM

104 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London — Washington Parade —

Near Mohegan Ave. Pkwy. north of Williams Street, on the right when traveling north.

Washington Parade In Honor of President George Washington Who, on August 4, 1790, signed into Law the Act establishing the Revenue Cutter Service Known today as the U. S. Coast Guard. The First Commission, dated March 21, 1791 Went to . . . — — Map (db m205489) HM

105 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London — Well Done —

Near Mohegan Ave. Pkwy. north of Williams Street, on the right when traveling north.

A "Well Done" to the officers and men of the United States Coast Guard Who served aboard the Patrol Frigates During World War Two. Their deeds are evidence of the best tradition of the United States Coast Guard. "Semper Paratus" USS . . . — — Map (db m205245) WM

106 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London — Whaling Days — New London Waterfront Park —

Near S Water Street east of Bank Street Connector, on the right when traveling east.

Whaling has been associated with the port of New London from its earliest days, but it wasn't until the early 1800s that large scale whaling endeavors took place as an alternative to the increasingly unprofitable West Indian trade. The period . . . — — Map (db m216867) HM

107 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London — Whaling in New London —

On Water Street at State Street, on the left when traveling north on Water Street.

Human relationship with sea mammals has evolved through the past 300 years. Oil from whales and seals was exploited, yet essential to developing our industrial revolution in the 19th century. The wealth accumulated from whaling was invested in . . . — — Map (db m48186) HM

108 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London — 5 — Williams Memorial Park — Hempstead Historic Neighborhood —

On Broad Street at Hempstead Street, on the left when traveling west on Broad Street.

New London was a wealthy city in the mid-1800s, largely due to its success in whaling and other maritime ventures. Leading families displayed their wealth in opulent houses and furnishings, but many sought to bestow a more public legacy. They . . . — — Map (db m48363) HM

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109 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — “Aim, Load, Fire” —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

This scene features a replica 32-pound cannon that would have been employed here during the 1850s and 1860s. Thirty-two pound refers to the weight of the cannonballs used in this weapon. The soldiers are in the process of sponging the bore, . . . — — Map (db m48406) HM

110 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — “The Arches” — Submarine Antenna Over-Water Arch Facility — Building 101 —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

This unusual structure was specifically designed to test submarine antennas in an environment that replicated conditions at sea. The roof contained a 93-by-66 foot concrete pool filled with seawater. The pool was six inches deep except for a well . . . — — Map (db m48380) HM

111 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — American Revolution —

Near East Street when traveling south.

The first shots of the American Revolution were fired in Massachusetts in April of 1775, more than a year before the thirteen colonies declared their independence. Connecticut needed fortifications to defend the colony from British attack, and in . . . — — Map (db m48280) HM

112 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Blockhouse —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

This sturdy granite building is the oldest surviving structure at Fort Trumbull State Park. At the urging of President George Washington, Congress authorized funds to fortify American seaports in 1794. A French engineer, Stephen Rochefontaine, . . . — — Map (db m48265) HM

113 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Bottom Reflected Active Sonar System (BRASS) —

Near East Street at Walbach Street, on the right when traveling north.

In 1955, the U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory (USN/USL, also known informally as the Sound Lab) here at Fort Trumbull began a study of the feasibility of long range, echo-ranging sonar. In 1956, "Bottom-bounce echo-ranging active sonar" was . . . — — Map (db m227247) HM

114 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Civil War —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

Ironically, the Third System forts, built to protect the U.S. coastline from foreign aggression, were never fired on by another country, but some were attacked by American rebel forces. The Civil War started in April of 1861 when Confederate cannon . . . — — Map (db m48313) HM

115 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Coast Guard —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

The Revenue Cutter Service, the federal bureau that enforced treaties and tariffs on the seas and inland waterways, established its officer training school at Fort Trumbull in 1910. Fort Trumbull offered easy access to Long Island Sound, which was . . . — — Map (db m48386) HM

116 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Cold War —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

World War II ended in 1945 with the surrender of Germany and Japan, but it was an uneasy peace that followed. Although the U.S.S.R. had been America’s ally during the war, after the war, the Soviet Union asserted control over eastern Europe, . . . — — Map (db m48405) HM

117 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Fort Interiors —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

The fort you are now in has had continuous military occupation since its erection in 1852. the latest occupant, the United States Navy, used the facilities from 1941 and 1997. When the fort was turned over to the Connecticut Department of . . . — — Map (db m48358) HM

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118 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Fort Trumbull —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

This five-sided fort was built between 1839 and 1852 to protect New London Harbor as part of a broad system of coastal fortification undertaken by the federal government. This is the third Fort Trumbull built on this promontory, which was known as . . . — — Map (db m48253) HM

119 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Fort Trumbull State Park —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

Place of Defense Overlooking the mouth of the Thames River, Fort Trumbull marks the southern end of a series of defense-related sites. These include the Naval Submarine Base New London, Fort Griswold, the U.S. Coast Guard Base New London, the . . . — — Map (db m217137) HM

120 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Magnetic Silencing — Building 109 —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

The navy uses the magnetic silencing range to determine if a ship may be vulnerable to detection by magnetic mines, which can blow a hole in a vessel and cause it to sink. The range consists of a series of devices installed underwater that . . . — — Map (db m48381) HM

121 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Maury Hall — Building 28 —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

Maury Hall, a substantial two-story concrete building, stood on this site from the 1930s or early 1940s until 1999. It served as classrooms for the U.S. Maritime Service officers’ training program at Fort Trumbull during Worl War II. Known to the . . . — — Map (db m48303) HM

122 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Merchant Marine —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

The U.S. Merchant Marine played a crucial role in World War II, transporting supplies, ammunition, and troops across the ocean to the battle front. Even before the United States entered the war, the merchant fleet provided much-needed goods to the . . . — — Map (db m48394) HM

123 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — North Battery —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

Between 1875 and 1876, the army built this installation for heavy guns, known as the North Battery, to strengthen the military effectiveness of Fort Trumbull. Designed for five cannon aimed toward the water, the battery contained four gun platforms . . . — — Map (db m48258) HM

124 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Officers’ Quarters —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

This building served as living space for officers for more than one hundred and fifty years. It was constructed in about 1830, before the existing fort was built, when the War of 1812-era fort still stood on the site. Army officers occupied the . . . — — Map (db m217135) HM

125 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Parade Ground —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

This parade ground appears on a map from the 1830s, when the second Fort Trumbull was still standing. Its use dates back at least that far. The army conducted drills and inspections of troops on this stretch of land until the early twentieth . . . — — Map (db m48272) HM

126 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Periscope Test Facility — Building 94 —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

An industrial-looking building with few windows stood on this site directly in front of the fort from the 1770s until 1999. It was designed specifically for top-secret work in periscope technology. Originally, periscopes were simple tube-shaped . . . — — Map (db m48382) HM

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127 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Post Civil War to 1910 —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

After the Civil War fewer troops were stationed at Fort Trumbull, but at least one artillery company continued to serve here each year into the early twentieth century. It became evident during the Civil War that advances in weapons had caused the . . . — — Map (db m48356) HM

128 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Scientific Research — World War I —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

World War I broke out in Europe in 1914, and President Woodrow Wilson firmly resolved that the United States would stay neutral. However, public opinion turned to outrage in 1915, when a U-boat (a German submarine) fired two torpedoes at the . . . — — Map (db m48391) HM

129 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Scientific Research — World War II —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

Before the United States entered World War II, German U-boats again inflicted death and destruction on the seas by sinking Allied ships as they had in World War I. In January 1942, the month after the United States entered the war, the Germans . . . — — Map (db m48396) HM

130 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — Site Orientation —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

On this rocky and windy promontory overlooking the Thames River, more than two hundred years of military history have unfolded. The history of this place and those who served here reflects strategic and technological developments from the American . . . — — Map (db m48647) HM

131 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — South Battery —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

The army built this gun line, known as the South Battery, around 1840, while the present Fort Trumbull was under construction. By 1879, this battery contained eight cannon of two types, six Rodmans and two Parrotts. A low protective wall made of . . . — — Map (db m48262) HM

132 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — The Barracks —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

This building housed army enlisted men serving in the artillery or infantry from the 1830s until Fort Trumbull was downgraded to a supply post, in 1907. Built of rough-cut granite, the original stone section dates from about 1830, the same year . . . — — Map (db m48300) HM

133 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — The Third System —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

Although the United States won the War of 1812, the searing memory of the nation’s capital in flames continued to disturb the public and Congress alike. The British had entered the Chesapeake Bay, continued up the Potomac River, and set fire to . . . — — Map (db m48353) HM

134 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — United States Maritime Service Officers School —

On East Street.

This monument marks the site of the largest United States Maritime Service Officers School during the course of events leading up to and including World War II. During this period 15,000 Maritime Service Officers were graduated and went forth to . . . — — Map (db m66449) HM

135 ► Connecticut, New London County, New London, Fort Trumbull — War of 1812 —

Near East Street, on the left when traveling south.

In 1808, Congress again approved funds to fortify the coastline, prompted by the prospect of another war with England. England was at war with France, which was ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte at the time, and although the United States had not taken . . . — — Map (db m48283) HM

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