101 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 17 — Blending Old and New — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

When urban renewal threatened to destroy three of Washington's oldest structures, dating from the late 1700's, history-minded citizens organized to stop the bulldozers. As a result, when architect Chloethiel Woodard Smith designed the . . . — — Map (db m130917) HM

102 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Can you identify these famous Civil Rights leaders? — All four lived in this Southwest DC neighborhood! — Reported unreadable

Who are these famous Civil Rights leaders? Barbara Jordan (upper left)(some text missing due to illegibility) Patsy Mink (wearing...    (some text missing due to illegibility) ... supporter of civil rights . . . — — Map (db m130649) HM

103 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Capital Yacht Club —

The Capital Yacht Club was formed in 1892 when nine yachtsmen hired a watchman to keep an eye on their vessels anchored in the newly formed Washington Channel. — — Map (db m112447) HM

104 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 1 — Change on the Waterfront — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

You are standing in the heart of one of Washington, DC's oldest—and newest—neighborhoods. For 150 years Southwest Washington was a working waterfront community. Then urban renewal changed the landscape forever. Today Southwest is . . . — — Map (db m130903) HM

105 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Cherry Blossoms —

This Potomac Riverfront has hosted numerous celebrations, and the views during the Cherry Blossom Festival from the Southwest Waterfront are unrivaled, attracting the likes of President Wilson and Eleanor Roosevelt. — — Map (db m239003) HM

106 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Civil War —

New wharves and waterside warehouses were built along the Southwest Waterfront to accommodate military shipping needs of the Union Army, and thousands of soldiers arrived and departed from the waterfront. — — Map (db m204413) HM

107 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Civil War at the Southwest Waterfront —

Private river commerce along the waterfront was disrupted during the Civil War when Washington became the headquarters and supply center of the Union Army. Wharves were appropriated for military purposes, and Water Street was opened and paved for . . . — — Map (db m109367) HM

108 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Creating the Waterfront —

Before the 1800s, the Southwest Waterfront formed the eastern bank of the Potomac, but sediment accumulated as farming increased, making the river hard to navigate and prone to flooding. In 1882, plans to dredge the river were approved, with . . . — — Map (db m109748) HM

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109 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Denvel D. Adams — National Adjutant — 1962 - 1988 —

Dale Adams, a service-connected disabled veteran of World War I, joined the DAV's professional staff in 1945 as a National Service Officer. In 1962, he was appointed National Adjutant, becoming the architect of the modern Disabled American . . . — — Map (db m87194) HM

110 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — District Morgue —

Located at 7th and Water Streets SW, the District of Columbia morgue was built in 1904 and demolished in 1939 when the city morgue moved to a more modern facility. — — Map (db m120942) HM

111 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Dr. Dorothy Height —

Dr. Dorothy Height worked to advance women's, civil, and human rights with many of our nation's leaders. How many can you recognize? Back Dr. Dorothy Height Has lived at 700 7th Street, SW since 1983. As President Emmerita . . . — — Map (db m112797) HM

112 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Elvis Presley —

On March 23, 1956, Elvis gave his first and only performance in the District of Columbia at Pier 4 on the S.S. Mt. Vernon, a cruise steamer operated by the Wilson Line. — — Map (db m216136) HM

113 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 7 — Equality in Public Education — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

Jefferson Junior High School was built in 1940 after area residents persuaded the city to abandon the original dilapidated building. They hoped the new structure, which included a branch library, would be the beginning of section-wide . . . — — Map (db m130908) HM

114 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 10 — Escape from Slavery — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail — Reported missing

Before the Civil War, Washington was a slave-holding city. But many of its citizens–especially free blacks and abolitionists–assisted freedom seekers at locations known as stops on the Underground Railroad. The largest . . . — — Map (db m112455) HM

115 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Gangplank Marina —

Located in the Washington Channel due to its protected waters, this live-aboard houseboat community and marina was established in 1977. — — Map (db m232530) HM

116 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — George Washington —

President Washington envisioned The Federal City as both a political capital and a maritime center, approving L'Enfant's plans for a major inland seaport to be created in the southwest quadrant. — — Map (db m204414) HM

117 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Harbour Square —

Harbour Square, completed 1966, contains seven historic dwellings. Development of the historic structures was initiated by James Greenleaf in the early 1790's. The financier sold individual lots to Thomas Law for the "Barney House" and the Lewis . . . — — Map (db m148959) HM

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118 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — High Water Mark DC —

[High Water lines from floods are recorded on the display:] — 5 ft 2010 - 1979 - 1976 - 1955 - — 6 ft 1984 - 1985 - — 7 ft 1937 / 1996 - . . . — — Map (db m204401) HM

119 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Historic Water Street —

During the Civil War, Water Street was paved for military traffic leading from the gun and powder factory at the Arsenal on Greenleaf Point north along the waterfront to Long Bridge. — — Map (db m112448) HM

120 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — History of SW / Buzzard Point —

Emerging from master planner Pierre L'Enfant's District Plan completed in 1791, Southwest D.C. began largely as an industrial shipyard, with fishermen selling directly off their boats until the Municipal Fish Market was established. In the years . . . — — Map (db m213299) HM

121 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Hogate's Rum Bun —

A local favorite, the signature roll was served before meals at Hogate's Seafood Restaurant, a dining landmark of Washington's Southwest Waterfront from 1938 until 2001. — — Map (db m112422) HM

122 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Houseboats on the Waterfront —

Preparations for World War II ended plans of filling the Southwest yacht basins with pleasure crafts. Instead, a severe housing shortage during the war turned the waterfront into a home for houseboats, providing an obvious alternative for the many . . . — — Map (db m109983) HM

123 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 14 — Housing Reform and the Syphax School — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

In the 1890s, American cities had a common problem. The working poor lived in deteriorating housing, often no better than wooden shacks. In Washington much of this housing lined the city's hidden alleys. But people needed healthier and safer . . . — — Map (db m130914) HM

124 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Jackie Kennedy —

The beloved first lady famously hosted what would be President John F. Kennedy's final birthday party aboard the presidential yacht, U.S.S. Sequoia, docked at the Southwest Waterfront. — — Map (db m221635) HM

125 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — James Creek —

Forming from springs near Capitol Hill, the creek flowed south and emptied into the Anacostia River. It was converted into canals during the 1800s, which were engineered underground by 1917. — — Map (db m204409) HM

126 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Lewis House —

This structure has been Recorded by the Historic American Building Survey of the United States Department of Interior for its archives at the Library of Congress — — Map (db m100778) HM

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127 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Lewis Jefferson —

Lewis Jefferson, the District's first African American millionaire, owned the Independent Steamboat and Barge Company, which transported passengers to Washington Park, his Amusement park for African Americans. — — Map (db m109339) HM

128 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 15 — Linking the "Island" to the City — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

A massive, Romanesque style Metropolitan Street Railway car barn once commanded the corner behind you across O Street, with repair shops across Fourth Street. They dated from the 1880s, and were part of Washington's first street railway system. . . . — — Map (db m130915) HM

129 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Long Bridge —

Originally constructed in 1809 as a mile-long wooden toll bridge connecting the District with Virginia, Long Bridge has seen many transformations and additions. In 1861, five days after the fall of Fort Sumpter, Robert E. Lee rode south on Long . . . — — Map (db m109421) HM

130 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Long Bridge —

Originally constructed in 1809, the original wooden structure opened as a toll bridge that spanned the Potomac River, connecting the District of Columbia with Virginia—now carrying rail traffic as part of the 14th Street Bridge complex. — — Map (db m204405) HM

131 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Maine Avenue Fish Market —

Opened in 1805, the Maine Avenue Fish Market is the oldest continuously operating fish market in the United States, 17 years older than New York City's Fulton Fish Market. — — Map (db m130605) HM

132 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Matthew Henson Mural —

This mural honors explorer Matthew Alexander Henson, a D.C. native who reached the North Pole in 1909 with Robert Peary. Designed and created by a group of students in the Corcoran Gallery's ArtReach program, it was installed in the summer of . . . — — Map (db m131221) HM

133 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 13 — Military Education at Fort McNair — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

Fort Leslie J. McNair, to your right, honors the commander, Army Ground Forces during World War II who died in battle. It is the U.S. Army’s third oldest installation (after West Point and Carlisle Barracks). The fort dates back to 1791. . . . — — Map (db m130912) HM

134 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Native Americans —

At the confluence of the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers, the area known as Southwest was populated by the Native Americans long before its written history was first recorded when Captain John Smith mapped the area in 1608. — — Map (db m204403) HM

135 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Navigating the Potomac River —

Beginning in 1815, steamboats ferried passengers and goods across the river and connected the waterfront to Richmond and other points via Aquia Creek. Today's riverside activities continue to include boat day trips, excursions, and pleasure cruises . . . — — Map (db m112444) HM

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136 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 2 — New Town in the City — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

All that surrounds this sign resulted from the nation's first urban renewal project. To your left is Arena Stage, a leader in the resident company theater movement. Founded as an innovative theater-in-the-round in an old downtown movie . . . — — Map (db m133833) HM

137 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Notley Young's Mansion —

When the District was established in 1791, this land was a plantation of Notley Young, a Maryland planter who owned most (about 800 acres acres) of today's Southwest quadrant. — — Map (db m216134) HM

138 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Potomac River Shoreline —

The two-mile-long harbor known as the Washington Channel was established during a massive reclamation effort in the 1880’s, creating Potomac Park and the adjacent Tidal Basin. — — Map (db m109730) HM

139 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Randall Recreation Center — founded in 1912 —

The Randall Recreation Center is located in Southwest Washington, D.C. along JAmes Creek. With the construction of both the Washington City Canal and the James Creek Canal in 1815, Southwest was cut-off from the rest of the city and became known . . . — — Map (db m150951) HM

140 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 16 — Recreation and River Park — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

Washington's schools and playgrounds were legally segregated from 1862 until 1954. But that didn't stop kids of all backgrounds from playing together. "We didn't understand racial disharmony," said Southwester Gene Cherrico of his childhood on . . . — — Map (db m130916) HM

141 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 5 — Renewal and Loss — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

Directly across Fourth Street from this sign is the Capitol Park complex of high-rise and townhouse residences. Designed by Chloethiel Woodard Smith of Satterlee and Smith, the high-rise (now Potomac Place) opened in 1959 as the first new . . . — — Map (db m130906) HM

142 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 18 — Rooms With a View: An Idealistic Vision — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

More than 50 years after it opened in 1964, Tiber Island stands as a tribute to the idealism that marked the new Southwest. Planners hoped the neighborhood's mid-20th-century modern architecture, mix of high- and low-rise structures, balance . . . — — Map (db m130607) HM

143 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Stone from First Baptist Church in America —

Stone from First Baptist Church in America, Providence R.I. — — Map (db m138112) HM

144 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Suggs Plaza —

Named in honor of Col. John J. Suggs, USAF (Ret.). As president of Tiber Island Cooperative Homes, Inc. and its predecessor Tiber Island Residents' Organization from 1979-1983, Col. Suggs and Dr. Joyce Cook, Vice-President, directed the difficult . . . — — Map (db m187429) HM

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145 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Sunken Ships —

Various vessels have capsized or sunk over the years, including the Lady of the Lake, a steamer that sank in 1895 and had to be broken up with dynamite to be cleared away. — — Map (db m204407) HM

146 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 3 — The Heyday of Four-and-a-Half Street — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail —

This quiet street was once Washington's answer to New York's Lower East Side. Fourth Street, known until 1934 as a 4½ Street, and nearly Seventh Street were Southwest's shopping centers. Around 1900 this street was the dividing . . . — — Map (db m130904) HM

147 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — The Island —

Southwest was nicknamed "the island" because it was originally cut off from the city by the Tiber and James Creeks, and later by the Southeast-Southwest Freeway constructed in the 1960s. — — Map (db m211878) HM

148 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — 12 — The Law House In Peace and War — River Farms to Urban Towers — Southwest Heritage Trail — Reported missing

To your left across Water Street is the Thomas Law House, now a community center for the Tiber Island cooperative. The Federal style house was designed by William Lovering in 1794 for businessman Thomas Law and his bride Eliza Parke Custis, . . . — — Map (db m130911) HM

149 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — The Pearl —

In 1848, in the largest recorded escape attempt by slaves in US history, 77 men, women, and children attempted to flee on the 65-foot schooner Pearl, but were recaptured due to opposing winds. — — Map (db m112420) HM

150 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — The River Queen —

Gen. Ulysses S. Grant used this side-wheel steamer as his private dispatch boat, and it hosted the Hampton Roads Conference, President Lincoln's unsuccessful attempt to negotiate an end to the Civil War. — — Map (db m112443) HM

151 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Thomas Law —

Thomas Law and his wife Elizabeth Parke Custis Granddaughter of Martha Washington Resided here in 1796 Later the home of Richard Bland Lee Who was influential in bringing the Capital to the Potomac National Capital . . . — — Map (db m80492) HM

152 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Thomas Law House —

The "Honeymoon House" of Thomas Law and Eliza Parke Custis Law, Martha Washington's granddaughter. During the Civil War, it became the Mt. Vernon Hotel, where Lincoln greeted Union reinforcements in 1864. — — Map (db m211879) HM

153 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Thurgood Marshall —

During his United States Supreme Court tenure, Thurgood Marshall resided in Southwest near the waterfront. He was the court's first African American justice and the 96th person to hold this title. — — Map (db m112419) HM

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154 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Thurgood Marshall —

"The legal-system can force open doors, and sometimes even knock down walls, but it cannot build bridges. That job belongs to you and me. The country can't do it. Afro and white, rich and poor, educated and illiterate, our fates are bound . . . — — Map (db m147019) HM

155 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Titanic Memorial —

[front (north) face of statue base:]To the brave men who perished in the wreck of the Titanic April 15, 1912. They gave their lives that women and children might be saved. [reverse (south) face of statue . . . — — Map (db m100951) HM

156 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Underground Railroad and Waterway —

In April 1848, the largest slave escape attempt on record in the Unites States took place at the Southwest Waterfront. Seventy-seven men, women, and children boarded the schooner Pearl to sail to freedom, but were ultimately recaptured. The . . . — — Map (db m110136) HM

157 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Urban Renewal —

At the beginning of the 20th century, Southwest was considered a decaying neighborhood suffering from poor housing and urban blight. In 1945, the Redevelopment Land Agency was created and its urban renewal efforts saw the displacement of . . . — — Map (db m109664) HM

158 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Urban Renewal —

In 1945, the United State Redevelopment Land Agency was created, and its urban renewal efforts saw the displacement of 1,500 Southwest businesses and 23,000 Southwest residents. — — Map (db m204411) HM

159 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Walter Reed —

Walter Reed who gave man control over Yellow Fever died in a hospital on this site November 23, 1902 — — Map (db m80491) HM

160 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Walter Reed 1851 - 1902 — Major, Medical Corps — United States Army Soldier, Physician, Teacher, Scientiest —

Major Reed died in this building on November 3, 1902. In 1900 Walter Reed led the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Board that documented the mosquito transmission of Yellow Fever, proved the existence of the first viral disease in man, and was the first . . . — — Map (db m80493) HM

161 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Washington Channel —

The two-mile-long harbor known as the Washington Channel was created during the Potomac River improvement projects of the United States Government in the 1880s. — — Map (db m204476) HM

162 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Washington Kastles —

Founded by tennis legend Billie Jean King in 1974, World Team Tennis has featured many of the world's greatest tennis players. In 2011 and 2012, the Washington Kastles thrilled DC crowd completing the only two perfect seasons (16-0) in WTT . . . — — Map (db m130606) HM

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163 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Waterfront Commerce —

By the 1820's, the Southwest Waterfront had become the principal commercial waterfront of the city, home to municipal piers, ice and coal docks, and fish and coastal steamship wharves. — — Map (db m112418) HM

164 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Waterfront Industry and Commerce —

In the 1840s, the Southwest Waterfront was developing into a major commercial seaport and took on an industrial character. Buildings and warehouses were constructed to accommodate coal, ice, and lumber trades, as well as slaughterhouses, bars, and . . . — — Map (db m112446) HM

165 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Wharves and Piers —

The Southwest Waterfront has been continuously used as a commercial wharf since 1800 and was the prominent point of arrival for goods and materials used by the growing federal city. — — Map (db m216135) HM

166 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — Wheat Row —

This Property Has Been placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of Agriculture — — Map (db m100935) HM

167 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — William Syphax Public School — Reported damaged

William Syphax Public School, built in 1902 to serve African American children under the city's then-segregated school system, honored the first president of the Board of Trustees of the DC Colored Schools. The original building was designed . . . — — Map (db m136836) HM

168 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, Southwest Waterfront — World War II —

The War created a severe housing shortage in The District and turned the Southwest Waterfront into a home for houseboats, providing an alternative for many government workers who toiled in the federal government offices. — — Map (db m204406) HM

169 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — "Nature is my religion." — Enid A. Haupt —

Philanthropist and publishing heiress Enid Annenberg Haupt (1906-2005) donated millions of dollars to support public gardens, horticultural institutions, and other green spaces in Washington, D.C., New York, and around the world. — — Map (db m110723) HM

170 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — 320th Bomb Group —

In memory of WWII Fallen Comrades of 320th Bomb Group Dedication on 40th Anniversary September 11th, 1982 — — Map (db m113979) WM

171 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — A Common Language — Kathrine Dulin Folger Rose Garden — Smithsonian Gardens —

Plant nomenclature is the naming of plants using the binomial (meaning "two names") system. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus introduced this method in 1753. Binomial nomenclature uses Latin to communicate scientific information on a global scale. . . . — — Map (db m110761) HM

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172 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — A Common Language — Kathrine Dulin Folger Rose Garden — Smithsonian Gardens —

Plant nomenclature is the naming of plants using the binomial (meaning "two names") system. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus introduced this method in 1753. Binomial nomenclature uses Latin to communicate scientific information on a global scale. . . . — — Map (db m211332) HM

173 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — A Look Inside the Arts and Industries Building — Reported permanently removed

The Arts and Industries Building, the second oldest Smithsonian building, was the first building designed for the National Museum, as the Smithsonian's first museum was known. It was constructed between 1879 and 1881 to meet the need for more . . . — — Map (db m108904) HM

174 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — A Monumental Legacy — National Mall and Memorial Parks — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior — Reported missing

The Washington Monument honors George Washington, hero of the American Revolution and first president of the United States. When this stunning stone obelisk was completed in 1884, it was the tallest building in the world. Today the monument . . . — — Map (db m194688) HM

175 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — A Monumental Legacy — National Mall and Memorial Parks — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

The Washington Monument honors George Washington, hero of the American Revolution and first president of the United States. When this stunning stone obelisk was completed in 1884, it was the tallest building in the world. Today the monument . . . — — Map (db m211343) HM

176 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — A National Memorial — George Washington Memorial Parkway — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

As an important link between the National Mall and Arlington National Cemetery, the bridge itself is a memorial to those who have given their lives for their country. As the ceremonial entrance to Arlington National Cemetery, numerous dignitaries, . . . — — Map (db m140991) HM

177 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Acquired in 1886 by the Department of Living Animals —

Acquired in 1886 by the Department of Living Animals, buffalo were penned behind the Smithsonian Castle before being moved to what is now the National Zoological Park. Their presence sparked public interest in the preservation of a vanishing . . . — — Map (db m110712) HM

178 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — An Apple is a Rose? — Kathrine Dulin Folger Rose Garden —

In the early 1900s, botanists reclassified the Spirea, Plum, and Apple families as subfamilies within the Rose family. This new categorization was embodied in Robert Frost's poem from 1927: The Rose Family by Robert Frost . . . — — Map (db m110772) HM

179 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Andrew Jackson Downing —

This vase was erected by his friends in memory of Andrew Jackson Downing who died July 28, 1852, aged 37 years. He was born, and lived, and died upon the Hudson River. His life was devoted to the improvement of the national taste in . . . — — Map (db m46600) HM

180 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Andrew Jackson Downing Urn — Designed in memory of Andrew Jackson Downing by Calvert Vaux, Downing’s architectural partner, 1856 — Carrera marble urn & American marble base and pedestal —

In 1850, Andrew Jackson Downing transformed the Mall into the nation’s first landscaped public park using informal, romantic arrangements of circular carriage drives and plantings of rare American trees. Downing’s design endured until 1934, when . . . — — Map (db m211336) HM

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181 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Asteroids and Comets —

You are standing in the "asteroid belt," a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where countless rocks called asteroids orbit the Sun. Every so often icy body called comets pass through this region on their way to the inner solar system. . . . — — Map (db m110092) HM

182 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Bald Cypress — [Native American Agriculture] — [U.S. Department of Agriculture] —

This tree commemorates the many contributions Native Americans have made to American agriculture, plants domesticated and harvested by Native Americans in the New World still make up a significant proportion of all vegetables produced worldwide. . . . — — Map (db m47743) HM

183 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Bald Cypress • Ártu (ar-too) — Reported permanently removed

In the middle of the wetlands, you can see the entire life cycle of the unusual bald cypress tree. A fallen cypress was placed in the wetlands to evoke an authentic wetlands environment--and a young cypress has begun to grow out of the stump of the . . . — — Map (db m110077) HM

184 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Before the National Air and Space Museum opened —

Before the National Air and Space opened in 1976, aviation collections were displayed in and around the Arts & Industries Building. Rocket Row became a landmark along the building's west side. — — Map (db m110788) HM

185 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Binary Stars —

Is our Sun a normal star? Stars are great luminous spheres of hydrogen and helium gas held together by their own gravity. Most stars in our galaxy exist in pairs or even in multiple-star systems. So, our singular Sun is relatively unusual. A . . . — — Map (db m111410) HM

186 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Bradford Pear Tree — (Pyrus calleryana Bradford) —

. . . — — Map (db m70457) HM

187 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Broadleaf Cattail • Káhkáhaskwar (kaw-kaw-has-quar) — Reported permanently removed

Nearly every Native community in North America has used the cattail as food, medicine, or raw material for baskets and mats. The cattail contains ten times the amount of starch as potatoes—an important source of energy. The Micmac and Ho-Chunk . . . — — Map (db m113966) HM

188 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Broomsedge — Reported permanently removed

A species of bluestem grasses, the broomsedge plant is distinguished by its slender stalk, straw-colored leaves, and orange fall foliage. The roots of this grass were used by the Rappahannock tribe to soothe poison ivy rash and skin . . . — — Map (db m184308) HM

189 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Built above an underground museum complex —

Built above an underground museum complex, the Haupt Garden is actually a rooftop garden. As such, the limited soil depth and the protection provided by the surrounding museums create a climate milder than is typical of the region. — — Map (db m184554) HM

190 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Can you find symbols… — Reported permanently removed

Can you find symbols for the sun, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the moon on the Welcome Plaza? They are embedded into the stone beneath your feet, in their positions at sunset on the museum's birth date: November 28, 1989. The . . . — — Map (db m114147) HM

191 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Can you hear the echo of the water bouncing off the rock? — Reported permanently removed

Shhhh, quiet please! Listen. Can you hear the echo of the water bouncing off the rock? Stand in front of this boulder, and listen to the echo of the water. This stone surface amplifies sound, just like ancient Mayan ball courts. In . . . — — Map (db m113973) HM

192 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: East — Reported permanently removed

Did you know that this type of stone was used to make arrowheads? This 544 million-year-old rock is quartzite, a very hard stone used to make arrowheads by the local Nanticoke peoples. It came from Sugarloaf Mountain in Maryland's . . . — — Map (db m114145) HM

193 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: East —

This stone is one of four Cardinal Direction Markers that honor the four directions—north, east, south and west. Representatives of Native communities in Canada, Maryland, Chile, and Hawai'i selected a meaningful stone from their region. . . . — — Map (db m211236) HM

194 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: North — Reported permanently removed

This granite stone is one of the oldest on earth – four billion years old! Before its two-week journey to Washington, D.C., the Dogrib (Tlicho) community of Acasta Lake, in Canada’s Northwest Territories, blessed the stone. The Dogrib recount that . . . — — Map (db m49627) HM

195 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: North —

This stone is one of four Cardinal Direction Markers that honor the four directions—north, east, south, and west. Representatives of Native communities in Canada, Maryland, Chile, and Hawai'i selected a meaningful stone from their region. . . . — — Map (db m211259) HM

196 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: South — Reported permanently removed

This boulder traveled more than 18,000 miles from the southernmost point of South America! Between 65 and 145 million years old, this granite stone was given to the museum by the Yagán people of Chile. The Yagán want this stone to represent their . . . — — Map (db m113961) HM

197 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: South —

This stone is one of four Cardinal Direction Markers that honor the four directions—north, east, south, and west. Representatives of Native communities in Canada, Maryland, Chile, and Hawai'i selected a meaningful stone from their . . . — — Map (db m211257) HM

198 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: West — Reported permanently removed

This 300-year-old lava stone has a name: Kane Po. After a 20-year stay at the museum, it will return to its home in the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park near Hilo. Native Hawaiians consider it to be a living relative. It is one of four Cardinal . . . — — Map (db m113975) HM

199 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: West —

This stone is one of four Cardinal Direction Markers that honor the four directions—north, east, south, and west. Representatives of Native communities in Canada, Maryland, Chile, and Hawai'i selected a meaningful stone from their . . . — — Map (db m211256) HM

200 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Southwest Washington, The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Markers — Reported permanently removed

Native peoples honor the Four Directions through ceremony, song, art, and architecture. On the edges of the museum site, four large stones known as Cardinal Direction Markers honor Native cultures of the north, south, east, and west. Can you . . . — — Map (db m113969) HM

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