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Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Historical Markers
The official history agency of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania administers a program of historical markers to capture the stories of people, places, events, and innovations that have affected the lives of Pennsylvanians over the centuries.
Signed here, on May 31, 1918, this document declared the intent of Czechs and Slovaks to form a new democratic nation in Europe, free from outside rule. Later that year, Thomas Garrigue Masaryk, an author of the agreement, became the 1st president . . . — — Map (db m40902) HM
Progressive reformer and advocate for women, children, immigrants, and the poor. A founder
of the National Council of Jewish Women and its second president, Rosenberg lived here. NCJW's immigrant aid leadership raised awareness of and actively . . . — — Map (db m207627) HM
Formed September 24, 1788 out of Westmoreland and Washington counties. Named for the Allegheny River. County seat of Pittsburgh was laid out in 1764 and became a city in 1816. A center of the iron, steel and other industries and “Workshop of . . . — — Map (db m40937) HM
Founded 1808 & known as the African Church. Chartered in 1818. Located nearby in early years, church was site of area's first school for colored children, 1831, and statewide civil rights convention, 1841. Congregation moved to Wylie Avenue, 1872; . . . — — Map (db m42023) HM
On Feb. 4, 1896, sixteen delegates met at Moorheads Hall here to form the International Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental, and Reinforcing Iron Workers. Active in the struggle for health and safety standards; by 1996 it had 140,000 . . . — — Map (db m40936) HM
Pittsburgh industrialist and philanthropist, Frick was instrumental in the organization of the coke and steel industries. His controversial management style while chairman of Carnegie Steel led to the bloody Homestead Strike in 1892. — — Map (db m40939) HM
Pioneering editor and publisher who issued first edition of Pittsburgh Gazette, 1786. First newspaper west of Alleghenies, it became the Post-Gazette, 1927. A Berks County native, he was active in Western Pennsylvania's civic affairs; home and print . . . — — Map (db m42024) HM
Using a five-barrel still, Samuel M. Kier erected on this site about 1854 the first commercial refinery to produce illuminating oil from petroleum. He used crude oil from salt wells at Tarentum. — — Map (db m43399) HM
A promoter of African-American nationalism, Delany published a Black newspaper, The Mystery, at an office near here. He attended Harvard Medical School, practiced medicine in Pittsburgh, and was commissioned as a major in the Civil War. — — Map (db m42025) HM
Founded in the 1870s. it was one of the first in the eastern U.S. Chinese immigrants started civic organizations and owned businesses to serve their neighborhood. Despite displacement initiated by the 1920s Blvd. of the Allies, Chinese ethnic . . . — — Map (db m197338) HM
First commercially successful U.S. plate glass maker, founded 1883 by John Ford, John Pitcairn and others. First plant was at Creighton; office was half a block east of here on Fourth Avenue. The company became PPG Industries in 1968. — — Map (db m40935) HM
The first steam boat built west of the Alleghenies, the "New Orleans" was launched Oct. 15, 1811, near this site at Suke's Run. Pittsburgh became a center for steamboat construction and a gateway for 19th-century westward expansion. — — Map (db m48357) HM
In the Grant Building here on June 17, 1936, the Steel Workers Organizing Committee was founded. Renamed in 1942, the USWA became one of the world's largest unions, embracing over a million workers. Philip Murray was its first . . . — — Map (db m43401) HM
Pioneer in development of alternating current, permitting transmission of electricity over long distances. Founded 1886 by George Westinghouse, it first made AC motors, generators, transformers in a plant at Garrison Place and Penn Avenue. — — Map (db m43569) HM
The pioneering study of industrial conditions in Allegheny County by Crystal Eastman documented 526 workplace deaths in one year. A component of the land-mark Pittsburgh Survey, it led to industrial accident prevention programs and workers' . . . — — Map (db m40934) HM
To the south, at Nash and Avery Streets, stood Avery College. Founded in 1849 by Charles Avery (1784-1858), Methodist lay preacher, philanthropist, abolitionist, to provide a classical education for Negroes. — — Map (db m41046) HM
At this site in Dec. 1913, Gulf Refining Co. opened the first drive-in facility designed and built to provide gasoline, oils, and lubricants to the motoring public. Its success led to construction of thousands of gas stations by different oil . . . — — Map (db m40872) HM
Gateway to the West and steel center of the world. Named for William Pitt by General Forbes after the fall of French Fort Duquesne in 1758. Laid out as a town by John Campbell in 1764. Incorporated as a city, 1816. — — Map (db m40396) HM
Born near Harrisburg, Girty crossed cultural boundaries between native and white societies. He was captured and adopted by Seneca Indians in 1756. Upon his release, he settled here with his family. He worked as an interpreter for the British and . . . — — Map (db m108791) HM
African American jazz balladeer and bandleader whose innovative style and sponsorship of new talent helped revolutionize jazz in the 1940s. One of the nation's most popular vocalists, he had 11 gold records. He grew up in this house. — — Map (db m54980) HM
Jazz composer and arranger. Collaborator with Duke Ellington. Billy Strayhorn's "Take the A Train" became the Ellington orchestra's theme song. A graduate of Westinghouse High School, Strayhorn had his musical talents nurtured here. — — Map (db m47045) HM
Famed jazz composer and pianist. A child prodigy, she grew up in this city; went to Lincoln School here, 1919-1923. Played for Andy Kirk in 1930s; then arranged music for Duke Ellington and others. Major works include "Zodiac Suite" and "Mary Lou's . . . — — Map (db m40898) HM
Name of a Delaware Indian village that covered this site from about 1731 to the French occupation, 1754. It was the Allegheny River terminus of the Raystown Indian and Traders Path from Carlisle to the west. — — Map (db m40908) HM
Here at the Cardwell School of Music, this first national Black opera company was founded in 1941 by Mary Cardwell Dawson. Noted for its musical genius, it performed for 21 years in Pittsburgh, Washington, New York, and other cities. — — Map (db m47046) HM
Designed by Benjamin H. Latrobe and constructed in 1814. The Arsenal was used as a military garrison, in the manufacture and storing of supplies during the Civil War, Indian Wars, and Spanish American War. — — Map (db m40874) HM
Pittsburgh native and Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee, 1979. Here Unitas quarterbacked semi-pro Bloomfield Rams to a Steel Bowl Football Conference championship in 1955. Signed with the Baltimore Colts in 1956, leading them to an NFL championship . . . — — Map (db m40892) HM
Long a major producer of lubricating grease for industry, transportation, and the military. In WW II, supplied 5,000,000 pounds of “Eisenhower grease,” vital to the war effort. Founded here in 1885, by Grant McCargo. After 1929, part of . . . — — Map (db m40903) HM
America's beloved composer of folk songs and ballads was born nearby on July 4, 1826, and lived in the Pittsburgh area most of his life. After achieving fame in writing songs for Christy's Minstrels, he gradually declined in health and died in New . . . — — Map (db m40910) HM
A founder of the “hard-bop” school of jazz, drummer Blakey grew up here, and got his start with Billy Eckstine's band. Blakey’s group, “The Jazz Messengers,” featured Hank Mobley, Freddie Hubbard, Horace Silver, and Wynton . . . — — Map (db m48883) HM
A center of Black social life where musicians such as Art Blakey, Mary Lou Williams, John Coltrane drew a racially mixed, international clientele. Here, Crawford Grill number 2, the second of three clubs opened 1943; was owned by William (Gus) . . . — — Map (db m40882) HM
Hailed as Negro leagues' greatest slugger, he hit some 800 home runs in a baseball career that began here at Ammons Field in 1929. Played for Homestead Grays and Pittsburgh Crawfords, 1930-1946. Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, '72. — — Map (db m40893) HM
This State's bituminous coal industry was born about 1760 on Coal Hill, now Mount Washington. Here the Pittsburgh coal bed was mined to supply Fort Pitt. This was eventually to be judged the most valuable individual mineral deposit in the United . . . — — Map (db m48882) HM
During World War II, Dravo's shipyard here was a leader in the manufacture of Landing Ship Tanks--LSTs--for the United States Navy. Dravo's over 16,000 workers produced a total of 145 LSTs. This and four other inland yards, all using techniques . . . — — Map (db m40280) HM
A poor Scottish immigrant, Carnegie became a millionaire steel magnate and proponent of the "Gospel of Wealth." Seeking to benefit society with his fortune, he built over 2,500 libraries and endowed institutions advancing education and peace. — — Map (db m40875) HM
A distinguished philanthropist and humanitarian, she created and funded numerous social service agencies, including the Western Pennsylvania School for Blind Children, here. Her pioneering efforts in charitable giving have served those in need, . . . — — Map (db m46526) HM
Founded here by brothers J.J. and Joseph Flannery in 1913, it was the first commercial producer of radium in the US. Radium production was the earliest nuclear industry. Discoverer Marie Curie visited the laboratory in 1921 and was presented with 1 . . . — — Map (db m127226) HM
Tribute to Pittsburgh's beloved writer of songs and ballads, including “Oh Suzanna,” “Old Folks at Home” and “My Old Kentucky Home.” Born in 1826 and died in 1864. — — Map (db m189207) HM
First institution of higher education west of the Alleghenies and north of the Ohio River. Founded in 1787 as the Pittsburgh Academy, it became the Western University of Pennsylvania in 1819. Present name was adopted in 1908. — — Map (db m40914) HM
The Veterans of Foreign Wars organized September 14-17, 1914, at the former Schenley Hotel near here. Veterans who had served in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and China were among its founders. — — Map (db m40915) HM
Irish-born, educated in Europe as a cellist, Herbert conducted the Pittsburgh Orchestra here, 1898-1904. His compositions ranged from classical orchestral works to popular operettas including “Babes in Toyland” and “Naughty Marietta.” — — Map (db m40916) HM
Major strikes by women cotton factory workers protesting 12-hour work-days occurred nearby in Allegheny City in 1845 and 1848. The strikes led to an 1848 state law limiting workdays to 10 hours and prohibiting children under twelve years of age from . . . — — Map (db m40301) HM
On November 12, 1892, at Recreation Park, a few blocks northwest of here, the Allegheny Athletic Association defeated the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, 4-0. The winning touchdown was scored by William "Pudge" Heffelfinger, who received $500 for playing. . . . — — Map (db m39909) HM
In October 1903, National League champion Pittsburgh played American League champion Boston in major league baseball's first modern World Series. Boston won the best-of-9 series, 5 games to 3; prominent players included Pittsburgh's Honus Wagner and . . . — — Map (db m108595) HM
Opened on July 16, 1970. Home to the Pirates, who won two World Series, and the Steelers, who won four Super Bowl Championships, creating Pittsburgh's "City of Champions" identity. It was the site of Roberto Clemente's 3,000th hit, September 30, . . . — — Map (db m39908) HM
Owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates, 1900-1932, and legendary baseball leader influential in initiating the first modern World Series, 1903. He led Pirates to 6 National League and 2 World Series titles and was vital to building Forbes Field here, 1909. — — Map (db m199602) HM
The first all steel and concrete ballpark in the nation, Forbes Field was home to the Pirates, site of four World Series in 1909, 1925, 1927, and 1960 and two All-Star games. Hosted the Homestead Grays, Steelers, and Pitt Panthers, as well as . . . — — Map (db m209905) HM
United States Army officer; he rose to the rank of general, 1951. In World War II, commanded the 82nd Airborne Division (famed for its invasion of Sicily), 1942-44; and 18th Airborne Corps, 1944-45. Supreme commander, United Nations forces in Korea, . . . — — Map (db m47552) WM
Born near here, dancer, choreographer, and teacher Martha Graham created a modern and unique movement style. In 1927, she founded her School of Contemporary Dance, revolutionizing the art of modern dance with innovative works such as . . . — — Map (db m42222) HM
Part of the University of Pittsburgh. Chartered 1860; located here since 1912. At the original site nearby, Professor Samuel P. Langley conducted experiments that would lead to the first sustained, mechanically powered flight in 1896. — — Map (db m42219) HM
In 1884, George Westinghouse drilled a natural gas well here on his estate, Solitude, now Westinghouse Park. When gas was struck, an uncontrolled geyser erupted for a week. Within two years, Westinghouse obtained over 30 patents for the distribution . . . — — Map (db m113322) HM
Site of General John Neville's mansion, burned to the ground by insurgents during a major escalation of violence in the Whiskey Rebellion, July 16-17, 1794. General Neville was Inspector of Revenue under President Washington. In the two-day battle, . . . — — Map (db m40393) HM
Built on lowlands here in 1792. Birth of the iron industry in the Pittsburgh region. It made stove and grate castings. Closed about a year later due to lack of ore and wood. — — Map (db m46529) HM
James Laughlin, one of the founders of Jones & Laughlin, constructed the first Eliza Furnace, a stone blast furnace for smelting iron. Built in 1858 before the Civil War, Eliza marked the city's emerging iron and steel industry and was the first . . . — — Map (db m191485) HM
The shift to mass production in the steel industry brought thousands of new workers to Pittsburgh and forever changed the city. Between 1870 and 1900, Pittsburgh's population quadrupled. Through Ellis Island and from across the nation came the . . . — — Map (db m191487) HM
The partnership between Jones & Laughlin combined the skills of an older financial genius with those of a brilliant young entrepreneur. Before the Civil War, Jones established a rolling mill on the South Side, and Laughlin subsequently built an iron . . . — — Map (db m100349) HM
Pittsburgh’s first successful blast furnace for making pig iron. Operations began near here, 1859, using Connellsville coke as fuel. The furnace’s technology initiated a new era, leading to more advanced furnaces capable of producing huge amounts of . . . — — Map (db m15138) HM
Here in 1846, Roebling built the first wire rope suspension bridge to carry a highway over the Monongahela River. He also designed a bridge across the Allegheny River, a railroad bridge at Niagara Falls, and the Brooklyn Bridge. — — Map (db m42221) HM
First glass factory in Pittsburgh was established on this site by James O'Hara and Isaac Craig in 1797. It manufactured bottles and window glass until the 1880s. A precursor of Pittsburgh's rise as the nation's largest glass producer. — — Map (db m8688) HM
At hall on this site on April 3, 1917, a speech by I. J. Paderewski to delegates at convention of the Polish Falcons began the movement to recruit a Polish army in the United States to fight in Europe with Allies for creating an independent Poland. — — Map (db m49104) HM
Television station, located here, opened April 1954, as first community-sponsored educational television station in America. In 1955 it was the first to telecast classes to elementary schools. — — Map (db m40913) HM
Hall's invention of electrolytic manufacture of aluminum was first applied to commercial production in 1888 by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, which later became Alcoa. This process, developed here, made the commercial use of aluminum possible. — — Map (db m73628) HM
On Aug. 31, 1803, Captain Meriwether Lewis launched a 50-foot “keeled boat” from Fort Fayette, 100 yards downriver. This marked the beginning of the 3-year expedition commissioned by President Jefferson, which opened America to westward . . . — — Map (db m42181) HM
The loading basin and western terminus of the State-built railroad, canal, and Portage over the Alleghenies uniting eastern and western Pennsylvania was here. Built in 1826-1834. In 1857 sold to the Pennsylvania R.R. — — Map (db m42182) HM
In July, unrest hit U.S. rail lines. Pennsylvania Railroad workers struck to resist wage and job cuts. Here, on July 21, militia fatally shot some 26 people. A battle followed; rail property was burned. The strike was finally broken by U.S. troops. — — Map (db m40906) HM
Invented by George Westinghouse in 1869, the air brake revolutionized railroad transportation. It made possible longer, heavier, and faster trains while improving safety. Modified versions are still in use today. Westinghouse Air Brake Co. was . . . — — Map (db m47037) HM
Distinguished journalist, one of the first two African American accredited correspondents during World War II. He covered the “Buffalo Soldiers” and “Tuskegee Airmen,” reporting from India, Burma, and China. Later, City . . . — — Map (db m40886) HM
Publisher and editor of the Pittsburgh Courier, 1910-1940. He built it into a preeminent Black weekly, a strong voice for civil rights and economic empowerment. It had its headquarters here. Vann was special assistant to the United States . . . — — Map (db m40887) HM
From a start in 1869 selling bottled horseradish, Heinz built an international firm by 1886. He pioneered innovative advertising, quality control, and benevolent employee policies and transformed modern diets. — — Map (db m40889) HM
The first Croatian Catholic parish in America was established in 1894. The 1901 church was a center for spiritual and social Croatian culture. Croatian immigrants fled religious, economic, and political oppression to pursue new lives in Pittsburgh. . . . — — Map (db m84528) HM
Following an All-American career at Duquesne, Cooper made basketball history as the first African American drafted by an NBA team. Selected
by the Boston Celtics on April 25, 1950, the
barrier-breaking Cooper
helped pave the way for
the . . . — — Map (db m228346) HM
Founded by Holy Ghost Fathers from Germany in 1878. Incorporated 1882 as the Pittsburgh Catholic College. Named Duquesne University in 1911, this Catholic institution has served students of many faiths in liberal arts and professional studies. — — Map (db m35486) HM
Founded in 1847 by the Sisters of Mercy as Pittsburgh's first hospital. Medical internships began in 1848, and the nursing school in 1893. This was the first Mercy hospital worldwide, caring for all patients, especially the community's poor. — — Map (db m42223) HM
A nationally influential church architect and a prolific writer and lecturer. Comčs was recognized for his philosophy regarding design and decoration of Catholic churches. A Pittsburgh resident, his commissions, including Saint Agnes here, are . . . — — Map (db m97505) HM
Pioneering research here at the University of Pittsburgh's Virus Research Laboratory from 1948 to 1955 produced the world's first polio vaccine. Led by Dr. Jonas Salk, researchers' innovations resulted in a breakthrough that was announced on April . . . — — Map (db m40907) HM
The last base of General Forbes' army. After crossing nearly “two hundred miles of wild and unknown country,” the army entered Fort Duquesne on November 25, 1758. — — Map (db m40883) HM
On the hill just west of here, the first known astronomical observatory with an aluminum dome was erected in 1930. Designed & built by Pittsburgh amateur astronomers led by Leo J. Scanlon, the Valley View Observatory stood beside his Van Buren St. . . . — — Map (db m35633) HM
Founded here in 1917 at Sunny Hill, the former home of David and Margaret Watson, it began as a residential school for disabled children. In 1952, Dr. Jonas Salk, assisted by medical director Dr. Jessie Wright, began the first human testing of his . . . — — Map (db m129888) HM
Prominent Western Pennsylvania civic and sports leader and owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers, 1933-1988. With his guidance the Steelers won four 1970s Super Bowls. An accomplished athlete, Rooney was influential in the National Football League and . . . — — Map (db m49472) HM
Established April 15, 1904, by Andrew Carnegie. The Pittsburgh-based foundation awards the Carnegie Medal in the United States and Canada to persons who risk their lives to save others. Heroic acts that followed the January 25, 1904, explosion in . . . — — Map (db m42649) HM
Scientist, naturalist and writer. Born 1907 at 613 Marion Avenue; died 1964. Her 1951 book “The Sea Around Us” was followed in 1962 by “Silent Spring.” This book focused the nation's attention on the dangers of pesticides and . . . — — Map (db m42648) HM
On July 14, unskilled immigrant workers led a strike against the Pressed Steel Car Company. Strain among the strikers, replacement laborers, and state police erupted into a riot on August 22. Eleven men were killed near this footbridge. Strikers . . . — — Map (db m40873) HM
Pressed Steel Car Company provided worker housing at substantial cost to employees, keeping them in constant debt. During the 1909 McKees Rocks strike against the company, immigrant workers were evicted from their homes. The evictions led to the . . . — — Map (db m40905) HM
An early Shawnee Indian village located at the site of present Tarentum. It was named for Pierre (Peter) Chartier, who had a trading post here from 1734 to 1743. He was the son of Martin Chartier, a French explorer. Several heavily traveled Indian . . . — — Map (db m113320) HM
World's first commercial station began operating November 2, 1920, when KDKA reported Harding-Cox election returns from a makeshift studio at the East Pittsburgh Works of Westinghouse. Music, sports, talks, and special events were . . . — — Map (db m40337) HM
Below this hill, about midday on July 9, 1755, a British army of 1300 made its second crossing of the river and advanced to drive the French from Fort Duquesne. A few hours later, with General Braddock mortally wounded and his army routed, survivors . . . — — Map (db m6145) HM
A pioneer and leading visionary in the design of amusement rides and parks, his Figure-8 coasters and other inventions were found across the US. He launched his chain of brightly illuminated Luna Parks in Pittsburgh's Oakland neighborhood in 1905, . . . — — Map (db m132835) HM
A National Historic Landmark, designated 1987. In 1898 a picnic grove on Anthony Kenny's farm here was leased to the Monongahela Street Railway Company for an amusement park linked to Pittsburgh by its trolley line. Sold to private interests in . . . — — Map (db m40896) HM
At his garage workshop here in 1919-1920, Conrad made broadcasts over his amateur station 8XK, which introduced the concept of commercial radio and led to the start of KDKA. For 37 years a Westinghouse engineer, he held over 200 patents. — — Map (db m78313) HM
A crusading journalist on Pittsburgh and New York newspapers, she won fame for her daring exploits and her investigations of social ills. In 1889-90, Bly circled the globe in 72 days. She was born Elizabeth Cochran and lived here as a child. — — Map (db m40557) HM
Located near this point, 1839-73. Organized as the Great Western and later known as the Brady's Bend Iron Company. One of that era's largest iron works, and first to make iron rails west of the Alleghenies. — — Map (db m47561) HM
A restored log church a few miles from here is a fine example of a pioneer place of worship. It memorializes the first Roman Catholic congregation in this region. — — Map (db m47571) HM
Among the largest and most productive plate glass factories in the world; opened 1887. At its peak, the plant employed more than 3,500 ethnically diverse workers, who passed through a specially-built tunnel under busy train tracks. Operations ended . . . — — Map (db m47567) HM
Formed March 12, 1800 out of Westmoreland, Allegheny, and Lycoming counties. Named for General John Armstrong, who had destroyed the Indian Village at Kittanning, 1756. Here, the county seat was laid out, 1803, and the "Daugherty Visible" . . . — — Map (db m47558) HM
So named for the blankets left by the Armstrong expedition after destroying Kittanning. Here also was a stopping point of the troops on September 7, 1756 en route to attack the Indians. — — Map (db m47559) HM
The most notable Delaware Indian village west of the Alleghenies, was situated here from about 1730 until destroyed by Armstrong's expedition in 1756. Its name means "great river", applying to the Ohio-Allegheny. — — Map (db m47564) HM
The most notable Delaware Indian village west of the Alleghenies, was situated here from about 1730 until destroyed by Armstrong's expedition in 1756. Its name means "great river", applying to the Ohio-Allegheny. — — Map (db m47565) HM
A state-owned canal system, built 1826-34, to connect Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Erie. This 104-mile division ran from Johnstown to Pittsburgh and was part of the canal’s mainline. In 1827, Dam #1 was constructed at Leechburg, and it supplied the . . . — — Map (db m114801) HM
Located on the nearby river bank, this outpost was built in June, 1779, and abandoned that autumn. It served the Brodhead expedition against the Senecas and was named for Maj. Gen. John Armstrong. — — Map (db m100664) HM
In a landmark ruling on April 12, 1937, the US Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the National Labor Relations Act in the case of the National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. The company had fired unionized workers . . . — — Map (db m40244) HM
