1 ► Virginia, Loudoun County, Leesburg — Lee Comes to Leesburg — Conference at Harrison Hall —

On the afternoon of September 4, 1862, five days after the Confederate victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, throngs of well-wishers lined Leesburg's streets, including King Street behind you, to welcome the threadbare but jubilant Army of . . . — — Map (db m42333) HM

2 ► Virginia, Loudoun County, Leesburg — Mile Hill — Cavalry Clash —

On September 1, 1862, Col. Thomas Munford, commander of the Confederate 2nd Virginia Cavalry (163 men), was ordered to Leesburg to destroy a body of Union Cavalry—the locally raised Independent Loudoun Virginia Rangers—who were harassing southern . . . — — Map (db m1219) HM

3 ► Virginia, Loudoun County, Leesburg — F-6 — Sharpsburg (Antietam) Campaign —

Near here Stonewall Jackson bivouaced on the march into Maryland, September 4, 1862. — — Map (db m986) HM

4 ► Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — White’s Ferry — Invasion or Liberation? — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

The serenity of the Maryland countryside was shattered on September 4-6, 1862, as 35,000 Confederate soldiers of the Army of Northern Virginia waded across the Potomac River. Gen. Robert E. Lee, hoping to rally support in the divided state, sent . . . — — Map (db m173131) HM

5 ► Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — White’s Ford — Crossing the Potomac — Antietam Campaign 1862 — Reported permanently removed

A wing of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia commanded by Gen. James Longstreet, as well as part of Gen. J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry, crossed into Maryland just south of here on September 5-6, 1862. Other parts of the 40,000-man force, . . . — — Map (db m812) HM

6 ► Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — White's Ford — A Civil War Crossing and a Desperate Escape — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park —

During the Civil War, White's Ford on the Potomac River was employed by Confederate troops on three separate occasions. Lee's troops crossed here in their invasion of Maryland, September 4-7, 1862. General Jubal A. Early's II Corps, after an . . . — — Map (db m10145) HM

7 ► Maryland, Montgomery County, Poolesville — Edwards Ferry — Strategic Crossing — Gettysburg Campaign —

Gen. Joseph Hooker’s 75,000-man, seven-corps Army of the Potomac crossed the Potomac River here, June 25-27, 1863, on the way to Gettysburg. The army crossed on two 1,400-foot-long pontoon bridges. Heavy rains during those three days made the . . . — — Map (db m33741) HM

8 ► Maryland, Montgomery County, Poolesville — Poolesville — Warm Reception — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

Located at the intersection of the two main roads, mid-19th century Poolesville was Montgomery County’s second-largest town. Its residents had decidedly secessionist tendencies and many sons fighting for the South. In the fall of 1862, as the . . . — — Map (db m1729) HM

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9 ► Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — Monocacy Aqueduct — Too Tough To Crack — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

Confederate Gen. D. H. Hill’s division crossed the Potomac at Point of Rocks on September 4, 1862, and marched south to clear Union forces from the area. His men breached and drained the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at several places, burned canal . . . — — Map (db m65210) HM

10 ► Maryland, Frederick County, Dickerson — Sugarloaf Mountain — A Signalman’s Lot — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

You are at the foot of Sugarloaf Mountain, where on September 5-6, 1862, Union observers watched the Army of Northern Virginia cross the Potomac River to invade Maryland. A signal station had been established here in the summer of 1861, one in a . . . — — Map (db m245994) HM

11 ► Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson, Comus — Mt. Ephraim Crossroads — Sharpshooters Hold the Line — Antietam Campaign 1862 — Reported missing

You are looking at Sugarloaf Mountain, where the running cavalry fight that began in the late afternoon on September 9, 1862, in Barnesville came to a halt. By the next morning, the 7th and 9th Virginia Cavalry had been brought to bay here at the . . . — — Map (db m1683) HM

12 ► Maryland, Frederick County, Urbana — Landon House — From Hospitality to Hospital — Antietam Campaign 1862 — Reported permanently removed

Constructed in 1754 on the banks of the Rappahannock River in Virginia, this building was reconstructed here in 1846 and became Landon Female Academy. Early in September 1862, while infantry of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia rested . . . — — Map (db m1739) HM

13 ► Maryland, Frederick County, New Market — New Market — A New Town for a New Road — The Historic National Road - The Road That Built The Nation — Reported permanently removed

As Fredericktown was born in 1745, German farmers were already hauling their grain to the port of Baltimore. By the 1780s, new communities were springing up along busy wagon routes. Two speculators, Nicholas Hall and William Plummer, competed to . . . — — Map (db m167304) HM

14 ► Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick — Jug Bridge — An engineering marvel for early America — The Historic National Road - The Road That Built The Nation — Reported permanently removed

In 1800, travelers expected to ford rivers or use ferries that were slow and often risky in bad weather. The Baltimore and Frederick-Town Turnpike Company, building the first leg of the National Road in 1805, set out to revolutionize American . . . — — Map (db m2321) HM

15 ► Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick — City Hall — Former Frederick County Courthouse — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

Connections with the Civil War abound around this Courthouse Square, where the first official act of defiance against the British crown - the 1765 Stamp Act Repudiation - occurred almost a century earlier. In 1857, Roger Brooke Taney, Chief Justice . . . — — Map (db m2815) HM

16 ► Maryland, Frederick County, Braddock Heights — Hagan’s Tavern — If walls could talk.. —

The National Road has borne witness to many notorious comings and goings. The quiet atmosphere you’ll find at Hagan’s Tavern today is quite different from the raucous bawdiness of yesteryear. This tavern was a “place where the old bloats of . . . — — Map (db m167094) HM

17 ► Maryland, Frederick County, Middletown — Middletown — Enemies and Friends — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

When Gen. Robert E. Lee and part of the Army of Northern Virginia passes through Middletown on September 10–11, 1862, they encountered a chilly reception. The inhabitants of this single-street hamlet on the National Road loved the Union, and . . . — — Map (db m21911) HM

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18 ► Maryland, Frederick County, Jefferson — Jefferson — Prowling Confederates and Pretty Girls —

In June 1863, Federal troops marched through Jefferson as the Army of the Potomac pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, a menacing force to the west—but where was it headed? Fearing that Lee would push through the gaps in South . . . — — Map (db m2100) HM

19 ► Maryland, Frederick County, Burkittsville — Burkittsville — Houses of Worship Become Houses of Misery — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

Union surgeons turned Burkittsville, a quiet rural village of some 200 people, into a hospital complex after the September 14, 1862, Battle of Crampton’s Gap. The building in front of you, the German Reformed Church, was Hospital D. . . . — — Map (db m190155) HM

20 ► Maryland, Frederick County, Burkittsville — The Battle of South Mountain —

In September, 1862, after the second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee led his victorious Confederates on their first invasion of the North. At Frederick, Md. he boldly divided his army. Three columns (No. 1) were to surround and capture the . . . — — Map (db m2032) HM

21 ► Maryland, Washington County, Boonsboro — The Battle for Fox’s Gap — “Hell is empty and all the devils are here.” — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

As Confederate Gen. D.H. Hill’s division struggled to hold the gaps of South Mountain on September 14, 1862, the fighting here at Fox’s Gap raged throughout the day. About 9 a.m., Gen. Jesse L. Reno’s corps attacked Confederate Gen. Samuel . . . — — Map (db m454) HM

22 ► Maryland, Washington County, Middletown — Battle at South Mountain — A Natural Barrier — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

The Battle of South Mountain erupted on September 14, 1862, when elements of the Union army tried to drive the Confederate rear guard from Crampton’s, Fox’s, and Turner’s Gaps and break through to the western side of the mountain to attack . . . — — Map (db m1519) HM

23 ► Maryland, Washington County, Boonsboro — Boonsboro — Lee's Headquarters — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

After Gen. Robert E. Lee issued Special Order 191 near Frederick dividing the Army of Northern Virginia into four columns, Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s command marched across South Mountain on September 10, 1862. His column . . . — — Map (db m122154) HM

24 ► Maryland, Washington County, Keedysville — Keedysville — Headquarters and Hospital Town — Antietam Campaign 1862 —

After the Battle of South Mountain ended around nightfall on September 14, 1862, many Confederates marched by here. The next day, Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac arrived, and McClellan established his headquarters here in the German . . . — — Map (db m1640) HM

25 ► Maryland, Washington County, Sharpsburg — Middle Bridge — Reported missing

This is the location of the famous "Middle Bridge," one of three bridges involved with the Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862. The upper (Hitt) bridge and lower (Burnside) bridge are still standing. This three-arch stone bridge was destroyed by . . . — — Map (db m117543) HM