1► Virginia, Rockingham County, Lacey Springs — A-29 — Cavalry Engagement —

Here, at Lacey’s Springs, Rosser’s Confederate cavalry attacked Custer's camp, December 20, 1864. Rosser and Custer (of Indian Fame) had been roommates at West Point. — — Map (db m649) HM

2► Virginia, Rockingham County, Lacey Springs — A-18 — Abraham Lincoln’s Father —

Four miles west, Thomas Lincoln, father of the President, was born about 1778. He was taken to Kentucky by his father about 1781. Beside the road here was Lincoln Inn, long kept by a member of the family. — — Map (db m656) HM

3► Virginia, Rockingham County, Elkton — Miller-Argabright-Cover-Kite House — Stonewall Jackson’s Headquarters, April 19-30, 1862 — 1862 Valley Campaign —

Less than a month after his defeat at Kernstown, Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson retired to the Elk Run Valley to rest his troops and plan for the spring campaign. With his men camped all along Elk Run and into Swift Run Gap, Jackson . . . — — Map (db m2835) HM

4► Virginia, Harrisonburg — A-35 — End of the Campaign —

Here Stonewall Jackson, retreating up the Valley before the converging columns of Fremont and Shields, turned at bay, June 1862. A mile southeast Jackson’s cavalry commander, Ashby, was killed, June 6. At Cross Keys, six miles southeast, Ewell of . . . — — Map (db m2869) HM

5► Virginia, Rockingham County, Elkton — Jennings House — Confederate Hospital —

1862 & 1864 Valley Campaigns. This eight-room brick dwelling was built in 1840 for Dr. Simeon B. Jennings, a former resident of Port Republic. At the time of the Civil War, it was one of only half a dozen houses located in the Conrad’s Store . . . — — Map (db m2916) HM

6► Virginia, Rockingham County, Lynnwood — Port Republic —

Port Republic Battlefield Civil War Site—Trail Stop 4. Struggle for the “Coaling” Federal commander Tyler placed at least 3 artillery pieces on this high part of the “Coaling,” and lined 3 more guns down . . . — — Map (db m2926) HM

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7► Virginia, Rockingham County, Lynnwood — Port Republic —

Port Republic Battlefield Civil War Site—Trail Stop 1. Last Battle of Jackson’s 1862 Valley Campaign. You are standing on the “Coaling.” By the Civil War this area was nearly devoid of trees, the timber having been . . . — — Map (db m154646) HM

8► Virginia, Rockingham County, Lynnwood — JD-10 — Battle of Port Republic —

The cross road here roughgly divides the Confederate and Union lines in the battle of June 9, 1862. Jackson attacked Shields, coming southward to join Fremont, but was repulsed. Reinforced by Ewell, Jackson attacked again and drove Shields from the . . . — — Map (db m154643) HM

9► Virginia, Rockingham County, Penn Laird — D-6 — Battle of Cross Keys — Reported permanently removed

Three miles south, on Mill Creek, Jackson’s rearguard, under Ewell, was attacked by Fremont, June 8, 1862. Trimble, of Ewell’s command, counterattacked, driving the Unionists back. Jackson, with the rest of his army, was near Port Republic awaiting . . . — — Map (db m3474) HM

10► Virginia, Rockingham County, Cross Keys — Cross Keys Battlefield —

Here, June 8, 1862, Gen. J. C. Fremont—pursuing Gen. T. J. “Stonewall” Jackson—was checked by Gen. R. S. Ewell with part of Jackson’s army, which lay towards Port Republic. Federals engaged: 12,750, killed and wounded: 684. . . . — — Map (db m4056) HM

11► Virginia, Rockingham County, Dayton — Lt. Col. Thomas F. Wildes —

In memory of Lt. Col. Thomas F. Wildes, 116th Ohio Regiment, who, when ordered by Gen. Sheridan to burn the town of Dayton, Va. in retaliation for the death of a Union officer, refused to obey that order, risking court-martial and disgrace. His . . . — — Map (db m88643) HM

12► Virginia, Rockingham County, Mount Crawford — A-32 — Sheridan's Last Raid —

Here was fought the engagement of Mount Crawford, March 1, 1865, in Sheridan's last raid. — — Map (db m13710) HM

13► Virginia, Rockingham County, Port Republic — Palmer Lot at Middle Ford — Ford was site of Jackson’s temporary bridge —

Parallel to South River is seen the bed of the lower millrace which brought water power to several village industries. The Galliday Tannery was located on the far left; the Dundore/Downs Tannery on the adjoining property on the right. The Robert . . . — — Map (db m14080) HM

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14► Virginia, Rockingham County, Port Republic — Madison Hall — Homesite scene of colonial settlement, Civil War clash —

The crest of the hill was the site of Madison Hall, built in the mid-1700s for John Madison, the first Court Clerk of Augusta County, which originally included this area of Rockingham County within its frontier boundaries. In response to the . . . — — Map (db m14083) HM

15► Virginia, Harrisonburg — General Turner Ashby of Fauquier —

. . . — — Map (db m14281) HM

16► Virginia, Rockingham County, Lynnwood — Port Republic Battlefield —

Here, June 9, 1862 Gen. T. J. "Stonewall Jackson" defeated Gen. J. Shield’s vanguard advancing from Elkton under Gen. R. O. Tyler Federals engaged, 4500 killed, wounded, and missing, 551, captured, 450 Confederates engaged, 6000 . . . — — Map (db m14346) HM

17► Virginia, Rockingham County, Lynnwood — Port Republic Battlefield — June 9, 1862 —

General Stonewall Jackson, with 6,000 Confederates, attacked James Shields' vanguard of 3,000 under E.B. Tyler, which had marched down Luray Valley to join General J.C. Frémont's army. Jackson's first attack by General C.S. Winder's brigade, . . . — — Map (db m154648) HM

18► Virginia, Rockingham County, Dayton — Death of Lt. Meigs — Deadly Encounter — 1864 Valley Campaigns —

Here on the old Swift Run Gap Road on the evening of October 3, 1864, Union Lt. John Rodgers Meigs was killed in a fight with three Confederate scouts guided by local resident Pvt. Benjamin F. “Frank” Shaver, 1st Virginia Cavalry. Meigs, of Gen. . . . — — Map (db m15121) HM

19► Virginia, Rockingham County, Dayton — Death of Lt. Meigs — The Heavy Hand of War — 1864 Valley Campaigns —

The death of Union Lt. John R. Meigs, near the granite marker on the hill in front of you, unleashed a firestorm of retaliation. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, erroneously told that civilian “bushwhackers” had killed Meigs, reported to Gen. . . . — — Map (db m15123) HM

20► Virginia, Rockingham County, Dayton — Site Where Lt. John Rodgers Meigs Was Killed —

This is the approximate site where Union Lt. John Rodgers Meigs was killed in a fight with three Confederate scouts on October 3, 1864. In retaliation, General Philip H. Sheridan ordered that buildings over a large area, including the town of . . . — — Map (db m15140) HM

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21► Virginia, Rockingham County, Broadway — Elder John Kline Monument —

(Front of Monument):At This Place Eld John Kline Was Killed June 15, 1864 (Reverse of Monument):Erected in the Year 1914 In Memory of Elder John Kline A Peace Martyr This parcel of ground, 10 feet square, is se- cured by deed and is . . . — — Map (db m15632) HM

22► Virginia, Rockingham County, Linville — KB-65 — Lincoln's Virginia Ancestors —

In 1768, John Lincoln moved here with his family from Pennsylvania. His eldest son, Abraham, grandfather of the president, might have remained a Virginian had his friend and distant relative, Daniel Boone not encouraged him to migrate to Kentucky by . . . — — Map (db m15634) HM

23► Virginia, Harrisonburg — Chestnut Ridge — Death of Ashby — 1862 Valley Campaign —

On June 6, 1862, the vanguard of Union Gen. John C. Frémont’s force, pursuing Confederate Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s army south up the Shenandoah Valley, reached this point near Harrisonburg. Jackson’s rear guard, led by Gen. . . . — — Map (db m15752) HM

24► Virginia, Rockingham County, Port Republic — North River Bridge — Covered bridge instrumental in Valley Campaign —

The road seen across the river was the original route into the village from the north and west. Early visitors crossed North River by means of a ford, later a ferry, and finally a bridge. After the Civil War, four more bridges were built on . . . — — Map (db m154647) HM

25► Virginia, Rockingham County, Cross Keys — The Battle of Cross Keys — “It was not in men to stand such fire as that.” — 1862 Valley Campaign —

Following Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s victory at Winchester, Union troops pursued the Confederates south, “up” the Shenandoah Valley. While Gen. John C. Fremont advanced on the Valley Turnpike, another Union force, led by Gen. James . . . — — Map (db m154642) HM

26► Virginia, Rockingham County, Cross Keys — Battle of Cross Keys — Slaughter of the 8th New York Infantry — 1862 Valley Campaign —

On June 8, 1862, during the Battle of Cross Keys, Gen. Isaac R. Trimble’s Confederate brigade of a little more than 1,500 men occupied this line, a masked position behind a split-rail fence in what was then a wood line to your right and left. . . . — — Map (db m159602) HM

27► Virginia, Rockingham County, Cross Keys — Battle of Cross Keys — The Civilians of Cross Keys — 1862 Valley Campaign — Reported missing

During the Civil War, this battlefield contained some of the most productive farmland in the Shenandoah Valley and Virginia, as it does today. At the time of the battle, these fields were in stands of wheat, buckwheat, rye, corn, and clover. . . . — — Map (db m25551) HM

28► Virginia, Rockingham County, Cross Keys — Battle of Cross Keys — Southern Artillery — 1862 Valley Campaign — Reported missing

Confederate Gen. Richard S. Ewell had five artillery batteries with him at Cross Keys. Four batteries and a 2-gun section (about 18 guns total) were massed on the ridgeline to your front. At the time of the battle on June 8, 1862, the ridge was . . . — — Map (db m25550) HM

29► Virginia, Rockingham County, Cross Keys — Battle of Cross Keys — Duel Attacks — 1862 Valley Campaign — Reported missing

Early on June 8, 1862, Union commander Gen. John C. Frémont viewed the field at Cross Keys and without proper reconnaissance assumed that Gen. Richard S. Ewell’s left flank was the strong side of the Confederate line. Frémont ordered his . . . — — Map (db m25549) HM

30► Virginia, Rockingham County, Cross Keys — Battle of Cross Keys — Immigrant Soldiers — 1862 Valley Campaign —

Many immigrants fought for the North and the South during the Civil War. Their numbers were especially high in Gen. Louis Blenker’s division of Gen. John C. Fremont’s Union army at Cross Keys on June 8, 1862. Two Germans (Gen. Henry Bohlen and . . . — — Map (db m154624) HM

31► Virginia, Rockingham County, Cross Keys — Battle of Cross Keys — Trimble’s Ravine — 1862 Valley Campaign —

On June 8, 1862, Confederate Gen. Isaac R, Trimble led part of the 15th Alabama Infantry Regiment through the then-swampy ravine in front of you to attack Union Gen. Louis Blenker’s division. Trimble intended to move around the 54th New York . . . — — Map (db m154621) HM

32► Virginia, Rockingham County, Cross Keys — Mill Creek Church — War Strikes Peaceful Homes and Fields —

This church, Mill Creek Church of the Brethren, stands on the site of an antebellum house of worship that, during the Battle of Cross Keys on June 8, 1862, was used as a hospital. Amputated arms and legs were dropped outside from a window and piled . . . — — Map (db m154641) HM

33► Virginia, Rockingham County, Cross Keys — Battle of Cross Keys — Walker’s Flank Attack — 1862 Valley Campaign —

After repulsing the initial Union attack, Confederate Gen. Isaac R. Trimble’s brigade heavily engaged two brigades of Union Gen. Louis Blenker’s division near here on June 8, 1862. During the afternoon fighting, Col. James A. Walker’s . . . — — Map (db m154622) HM

34► Virginia, Rockingham County, Bridgewater — Bridgewater — Bridgewater During the War —

The town of Bridgewater was a center of Confederate logistical activity during the Civil War. It also sent one company of infantry, the Bridgewater Grays, to the 10th Virginia Infantry Regiment, which fought in most of the major battles in Virginia . . . — — Map (db m16438) HM

35► Virginia, Rockingham County, Bridgewater — Bridgewater — Historic North River Crossing —

After his victory at the Battle of McDowell on May 8, 1862, Gen. Stonewall Jackson made plans to attack another Federal force in the Shenandoah Valley. Earlier he had ordered Col. John D. Imboden to burn the bridges at Mount Crawford and Bridgewater . . . — — Map (db m16439) HM

36► Virginia, Rockingham County, Dayton — Dayton — Dark Days in the Burnt District —

In the fall of 1864, attacks by Confederate raiders and bushwhackers angered Federal officers in the Shenandoah Valley. On September 22, Union soldiers captured a hapless man named Davy Getz near Woodstock who was wearing civilian clothes and . . . — — Map (db m16440) HM

37► Virginia, Rockingham County, Dayton — Daniel Bowman Mill at Silver Lake — Shenandoah Valley Mills —

During the Civil War, the Daniel Bowman Mill occupied this site, grinding wheat brought here by Rockingham County farmers. The county was part of the prosperous agricultural region known as the “breadbasket of the Confederacy.” It was no . . . — — Map (db m129377) HM

38► Virginia, Harrisonburg — Warren-Sipe House — Home and Hospital — Reported permanently removed

This was the home of Edward T.H. Warren, a Harrisonburg attorney. As a lieutenant in the Valley Guards, a Rockingham County militia company, Warren attended the trial and execution of John Brown in Charles Town (in present-day West Virginia) in . . . — — Map (db m41497) HM

39► Virginia, Harrisonburg — Court Square & Springhouse — Temporary Prison Camp —

During the Civil War, a road (Market Street) ran east and west through the courthouse square, dividing it roughly in half. The courthouse occupied the northern portion while the jail, clerk’s office, and springhouse were in the southern section. . . . — — Map (db m16482) HM

40► Virginia, Rockingham County, Bridgewater — Famous Travelers Along the Turnpike —

In its 82 year history, the Warm Springs Turnpike was used by many noted travelers. Daniel Boone, when an old man, used the road when he visited the sons of his boyhood friend Henry Miller at Mossy Creek Ironworks to the south of Bridgewater. He . . . — — Map (db m16485) HM

41► Virginia, Harrisonburg — The Woodbine Cemetery —

The Woodbine Cemetery Company, Incorporated March 19, 1850 1877 These gates are erected in memory of the officers and members of the Woodbine Society, who gave generously of their time and means to beautify this cemetery, where they now rest from . . . — — Map (db m16486) HM

42► Virginia, Harrisonburg — Confederate Monument —

(North face):This Monument is erected by the Ladies Memorial Association in grateful remembrance of the gallant Confederate Soldiers, who lie here. They died in defense of the rights of the South, in the war between the States, from 1861 . . . — — Map (db m16487) HM

43► Virginia, Harrisonburg — A-30 — Where Ashby Fell —

A mile and a half east of this point, Turner Ashby, Stonewall Jackson’s cavalry commander, was killed, June 6, 1862, while opposing Fremont’s advance. — — Map (db m165743) HM

44► Virginia, Rockingham County, Port Republic — The Frank Kemper House — Thriving river community was transportation hub — Reported missing

When Virginia Governor Alexander Spotswood’s 1716 expedition first laid claim to the Shenandoah Valley, the area had already been used for centuries by Native Americans. The town of port Republic was laid off into lots and chartered by an 1802 act . . . — — Map (db m16634) HM

45► Virginia, Harrisonburg — Hardesty-Higgins House — Banks's Headquarters —

This was the home of Harrisonburg’s first mayor, Isaac Hardesty, an apothecary. Elected in 1849, Hardesty served until 1860. His Unionist sympathies compelled him to leave for Maryland after the Civil War began. Early in the first week of May . . . — — Map (db m41496) HM