African Americans Topic

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African Americans Topic

By Devry Becker Jones (CC0), September 8, 2019

1950 Marker

1 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Atlas District — 1950 — Earl Lloyd — ULINE —

First African American to play in an NBA game — — Map (db m139209) HM

2 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Atlas District — 9 — Brickyards to Buildings — Hub, Home, Heart — Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail —

The Trinidad neighborhood, named for W.W. Corcoran's original estate, got its start in the 1890s after the Washington Brick Machine Company used up the clay here making bricks. With H Street filling in with houses and businesses, the company . . . — — Map (db m186807) HM

3 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Atlas District — 19 — Cathy Hughes — Multi-Media & Radio Pioneer — Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail —

Cathy Hughes and WOL-AM have made an indelible mark on this Washington D.C. community. In 1982, Hughes purchased a building at the corner of 4th and H Streets and found it littered with almost 200 hypodermic needles and crack pipes. The home of her . . . — — Map (db m111969) HM

4 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Atlas District — Dr. Granville N. Moore —

Dr. Granville N. Moore practiced medicine on this site for over 50 years, providing medical care for the poor and underprivilege. In the spirit of Dr. Granville's commitment to the community, we reopen these doors as a . . . — — Map (db m244968) HM

5 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Atlas District — Greater Pleasant Grove Baptist Church —

Organized 1950 by Rev. S.G. Smith Renovated 1970 - Built 1987 By Rev. D.J. Wrenn — — Map (db m243886) HM

6 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Atlas District — Henrietta Vinton Davis Residence — 1219 Linden Place, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Henrietta Vinton Davis (1860-1941), a certified teacher by age 15, was the first black woman employed by the DC Recorder of Deeds. After serving there with Frederick Douglass, she went on to become an acclaimed actor and elocutionist (a . . . — — Map (db m187432) HM

7 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Atlas District — 14 — The Changing Faces of H Street — Hub, Home, Heart — Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail —

The handsome church on this corner is the second to occupy this spot. The first was a small brick chapel built by John A. Douglas in 1878 for the new Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church. Soon after, it was renamed Douglas Memorial Methodist . . . — — Map (db m71691) HM

8 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Atlas District — 16 — The Fires of 1968 — Hub, Home, Heart — Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail —

On Friday, April 5, 1968 the 600 block of H Street went up in flames. The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had been assassinated a day earlier, and grief-stricken, angry men and women had taken to the streets across the city. Some took . . . — — Map (db m71692) HM

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9 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Brentwood — Former Site Columbian Harmony Cemetery — 1857 - 1959 — Lest We Forget —

This area, including that of the adjacent shopping center, was once the site of Columbian Harmony Cemetery. The cemetery, established in 1828 "for free persons of color," was originally located near 6th and S Streets, NW, Washington, D.C. . . . — — Map (db m146576) HM

10 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Brentwood — Former Site, Columbian Harmony Cemetery — 1857-1959 —

Many distinguished Black citizens including Civil War veterans were buried in this cemetery. These bodies now rest in the new National Harmony Memorial Park Cemetery in Maryland. — — Map (db m16069) HM

11 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Brookland — Charles Richard Drew Memorial Bridge —

. . . — — Map (db m6262) HM

12 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Brookland — Lois Mailou Jones Residence — 1220 Quincy Street, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Lois Mailou Jones (1905-1998), internationally acclaimed artist and teacher, lived here from the 1950s into the 1970s. Born and educated in Boston, Jones joined the Howard University Art Department in 1930 and stayed for nearly 50 years. She began . . . — — Map (db m111784) HM

13 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Brookland — Pleasant Grove Baptist Church —

Founded Feb. 8, 1942 by Rev. James S. Olphant 1942 - 1961 Rev. Cleavant Derrick, Sr. 1962 - 1975 Rev. Armistice Calvert 1977 — — Map (db m243992) HM

14 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Brookland — Robert Clifton Weaver Residence Site — 3519 14th Street, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Economist Robert Clifton Weaver (1907-1997) was born in Washington and grew up here in Brookland. After graduating from Dunbar High School, he earned three degrees in economics from Harvard and moved into a long career in government service. Weaver . . . — — Map (db m111796) HM

15 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Brookland — St. Paul Baptist Church —

Organized Sept. 19, 1926 by Rev. Ernest Gibbs Present site purchased June 24, 1952 Rev. James E. McCoy Pastor — — Map (db m243993) HM

16 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Brookland — Sterling A. Brown Residence — 1222 Kearny Street, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Sterling Brown (1901-1989) was a central figure of the New Negro Renaissance of the 1920s and '30s and the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s and '70s. Brown's work includes Southern Road (1932), The Negro in American Fiction (1937), . . . — — Map (db m111799) HM

17 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Brookland — The Poet's House — 1222 Kearney Street N.E. — Sterling Allen Brown (1901-1989) —

. . . — — Map (db m111797) HM

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18 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Capitol Hill — Fiery Destruction — Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

“[The British] put a slow match to the [Sewall] house … and those rockets burst until … they made the rafters fly East and West.” — Enslaved African American diarist and eyewitness, Michael Shiner. As the British . . . — — Map (db m87856) HM

19 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Capitol Hill — Frederick Douglass — (1817 - 1895) —

Orator - Publisher - Statesman Precursor of the Civil Rights Movement An ex-slave who rose to world renown as an abolitionist and who served in high government posts under presidents Grant through Cleveland, Frederick Douglass resided in this . . . — — Map (db m69264) HM

20 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Capitol Hill — Freedmen’s Memorial Monument to Abraham Lincoln — or Freedom’s Memorial —

In grateful memory of Abraham Lincoln. This monument was erected by the Western Sanitary Commission of Saint Louis, Mo., with funds contributed solely by emancipated Citizens of the United States declared free by his Proclamation, January 1st . . . — — Map (db m41617) HM

21 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Capitol Hill — United States Capitol — East Front —

Front: One of the icons of world architecture, the U.S. Capitol has been the meeting place of Congress since 1800. President George Washington laid the cornerstone on September 18, 1793. While under construction, the the building was . . . — — Map (db m111467) HM

22 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Carver Langston — Langston Golf Course —

. . . — — Map (db m115180) HM

23 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Carver Langston — Langston Golf Course and Driving Range — 2600 Benning Road, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Until 1939, the only place for African Americans to play golf in Washington was West Potomac Park. That year, in response to petitions by African American golfers asking Interior Secretary Harold Ickes to desegregate the city's public golf courses, . . . — — Map (db m112998) HM

24 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Carver Langston — Langston Terrace Dwellings / Hilyard Robinson — 21st Street and Benning Road, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Langston Terrace Dwellings, opened in 1938, was the first federally funded public housing project in Washington and among the first in the nation. It honors John Mercer Langston (1829-1897), abolitionist, founder of Howard University Law School, and . . . — — Map (db m112792) HM

25 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — 100 Years of Afro-American History — By Jerome Johnson —

Westernmost panel: 100 Years of Afro-American History By Jerome Johnson Sponsors D.C. Commission on the Arts and Humanities Sign of the Times Cultural Workshop & Gallery CFC # 16414 & United Black Fund #8558 . . . — — Map (db m112798) HM

26 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — 2 — A Day at the Picture Show — A Self-Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail — Reported missing

The Two-Story Art Deco Style Building on your left was once the Strand Theater. Abe Lichtman, a Jewish businessman whose movie theaters catered to black patrons, opened the Strand in 1918. Lichtman also operated the Lincoln and Howard . . . — — Map (db m130777) HM

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27 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — 5 — A Whirl on the Ferris Wheel — A Self Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail —

To your right it is the former Merritt Educational Center which operated from 1943 to 2008. However, if you were standing here in the 1920s or '30s, in its place you would have seen exuberant crowds of fashionably dressed African Americans . . . — — Map (db m130780) HM

28 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — 12 — Designed to Compete — A Self-Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail —

This quaint frame building has served several church congregations since its construction in 1908. The First Zion Baptist Church stayed for more than 60 years. Since 1993 members of Joshua's Temple First Born Church have worshiped within its . . . — — Map (db m130784) HM

29 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — 6 — From Gardens to Garden Apartments — A Self-Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail —

Largely ignored by city officials and isolated from downtown DC, Deanwood remained semi-rural until around World War II (1941-1945). Lifelong residents who grew up in the 1930s and '40s remember outsiders telling them that they lived in . . . — — Map (db m130781) HM

30 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — Jacob Dodd-built Houses — 4621 Hunt Place, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Jacob Dodd (d. 1930) left the Government Printing Office in 1920 to join his brother Randolph (d. 1944) in the house-building business. Though they collaborated on at least 50 projects in Deanwood, they also worked individually, completing more . . . — — Map (db m187368) HM

31 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — Lewis Giles, Sr.'s Home and Office — 4428 Hunt Place, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Lewis Giles, Sr. (1894-1974) was an influential Washington architect who designed this Colonial Revival/craftsman style house in 1929. He lived here the rest of his life, and worked in his home office. Giles graduated from Armstrong . . . — — Map (db m187369) HM

32 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — Macedonia Community Church —

Founder: Dr. Jesse H. Williams, D.D. Founded 1951 Erected 1984 Dr. Mark K. Jackson D.D., LL.D. Pastor — — Map (db m244003) HM

33 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — North West Beulah Baptist Church —

A monument for God North West Beulah Baptist Church Organized 1945 Built August 24, 1969 Rev. Moses Henderson Founder and Pastor Robert Nash, Architect Elmer W. Sarbacher, Builder — — Map (db m244004) HM

34 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — Pilgrim Rest Baptist Church —

Founded 1973 Rev. Freddie Davis, Pastor Built 1986 Rev. Henry M. Magee, Founder — — Map (db m244001) HM

35 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — Randall Memorial Methodist Church — 1948 —

. . . — — Map (db m243996) HM

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36 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — 11 — Shaping Strong Minds — A Self-Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail —

In 1907, when Deanwood's African American children needed a school close to home, city officials decided to place a public elementary here. Snowden Ashford (1866-1927), the District's inspector of buildings, designed the original four-room . . . — — Map (db m158343) HM

37 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — 9 — Shopping on Sheriff — A Self-Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail —

Sheltered from the overt bigotry many African Americans experienced when venturing downtown, Deanwood shoppers of the 1950s patronized Sheriff Road's mostly African American businesses, including Mouse Gordon's tailor shop, Tip Top Grocery, . . . — — Map (db m130783) HM

38 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Deanwood — 8 — With These Hands — A Self-Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail —

Up the hill to your left are several signature handcrafted houses, Beginning in the late 1800s, Deanwood attracted skilled black migrants, who freely passed on their know-how. In the 1920s Jacob and Randolph Dodd built about 50 structures . . . — — Map (db m153319) HM

39 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, East Corner — New Mt. Olive Baptist Church —

. . . — — Map (db m244005) HM

40 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Eastland Gardens — Eastland Gardens — Between Kenilworth and Anacostia Avenues, and Lee and Ord Streets, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Water and land embrace one another here in Eastland Gardens, adjacent Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens. The Neighborhood dates to 1928 when a group of developers call Eastland Gardens Inc. bought some 150 acres of the former Benning Racetrack property and . . . — — Map (db m119740) HM

41 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Eckington — Alethia "Lethe" Tanner — (1781 - 1864) —

Alethia Tanner, or "Lethe" as she was known, was born into slavery in 1781 on a plantation in Prince George's County, Maryland, where she lived and worked with her sisters, Laurana and Sophia, before coming to Washington in the early 1800s. . . . — — Map (db m234910) HM

42 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Eckington — Religious Organizations / Education —

Religious Organizations Free and enslaved African Americans played vital roles in early Washington as laborers, servants, merchants, drivers and federal workers. They created Black charitable groups, schools, and churches, which served . . . — — Map (db m234907) HM

43 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Eckington — The Plantation / The City —

The Plantation Alethia Tanner and her sisters worked alongside other enslaved workers on the Chelsea Plantation in Upper Marlboro, Maryland. It was owned by Tobias Belt and later by his daughter, Rachel Belt Pratt. When Tobias Belt . . . — — Map (db m234912) HM

44 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Gallaudet — Black Girl Ventures x Nike: Entrepreneurship is a Boxing Match — Brandon "BMike" Odums — New Orleans, LA | 2021 —

Successful entrepreneurs get in the ring to fight for their businesses and communities every day. "Entrepreneurship is a Boxing Match," inspired by a poem by Shelly Olimâdè Bell, founder & CEO of Black Girl Ventures Foundation (BGV), highlights . . . — — Map (db m202317) HM

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45 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Gallaudet — Historic Site of Kendall School Division II for Negroes — Built March 1953 — A landmark in desegregation of education for Negro deaf students —

Teachers: Mary E. Britt, Rubye S. Frye, Robert Robinson, Bessie Z. Thornton Students: Mary Arnold, Irene Brown, Darrel Chatman, Robbie Cheatham, Dorothy Howard, Robert Jones, Richard King, Rial Loftis, William Matthews, Donald . . . — — Map (db m216739) HM

46 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Hillbrook — Dr. Nannie Helen Burroughs —

Living Ever In our Memory Dr. Nannie Helen Burroughs Founder of School 1909 — — Map (db m243988) HM

47 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Hillbrook — 4 — From Rural to Residential — A Self-Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail —

Deanwood once was farmland belonging to slave-holding families. Some of their names—Sherriff, Lowrie, and Benning--still mark local roads. In 1833 Levi Sherriff purchased several hundred acres along Watts Branch from William Benning's . . . — — Map (db m130778) HM

48 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Hillbrook — Howard D. Woodson Residence — 4918 Fitch Place, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Howard Dilworth Woodson (1877-1962), a Pittsburgh native, arrived in Washington in 1907 to work as a structural engineer in the Office of the Supervising Architect, U.S. Department of the Treasury. One of the first African American professionals . . . — — Map (db m187367) HM

49 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Hillbrook — In Memory of Nannie Helen Burroughs —

Founder,educator, humanitarian — — Map (db m243989) HM

50 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Hillbrook — Lederer Gardens — Robert F. Lederer Community Gardens & Educational Center, MLK Sanctuary — 4801 Nannie Helen Boroughs Ave —

Welcome to the Robert F. Lederer Environmental Education Center and Youth Garden. This center honors Robert F. Lederer, the Executive Vice President of the American Association of Nurserymen during the United States President Lyndon B. Johnson's . . . — — Map (db m130779) HM

51 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Hillbrook — National Training School for Women and Girls / Nannie Helen Burroughs — 601 50th Street, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

The National Training School for Women and Girls was founded here in 1909 by Nannie Helen Burroughs (1879 - 1961). With its focus on the “three B's” — “Bible, bath and broom” — the school taught skills such as business, sewing, and printing. It . . . — — Map (db m103272) HM

52 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Hillbrook — 3 — The School of the Three Bs — A Self-Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail —

Atop this hill are the sprawling grounds on which Nannie Helen Burroughs (1879-1961) founded the National Training School for Women and Girls in 1909. Burroughs was an outspoken advocate for women's rights, civil rights, and religious . . . — — Map (db m184992) HM

53 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Kenilworth — Jericho City of Praise —

Jericho Founded Nov. 1964 by J.R. Peebles, Sr. Built 1969 Rebuilt 1977 — — Map (db m243994) HM

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54 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Kenilworth Park — Helen Shaw Fowler — Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

Helen Fowler took over administration of the Shaw Gardens from her father in 1912. Under her guidance the gardens grew into one of the most extensive water plant businesses in the nation. By 1938, Shaw Gardens encompassed 42 ponds spread over nine . . . — — Map (db m141717) HM

55 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Kenilworth Park — Preserve and Protect — Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

National parks are special places owned by all Americans. Caring for these treasures is everyone's job. Throughout the country, citizen organized friends grouped to get people interested in and involved with preserving natural and cultural . . . — — Map (db m145319) HM

56 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Lamond Riggs — Bethlehem Church of God Holiness — Organized 1922 —

. . . — — Map (db m243991) HM

57 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Lamond Riggs — WOOK-TV Building — 5321 First Place, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

WOOK-TV, on the air from 1963 to 1972, was the first "all-Negro" television station in the nation. White founder Richard Eaton also started its predecessor, WOOK-Radio, in 1947 in the nation's first "Negro-oriented" . . . — — Map (db m113223) HM

58 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Langdon — Chuck Brown Memorial Park —

[Plaque on sculpture along 20th Street] A Celebration of Chuck Brown (1936-2012) The fundamental force behind Go-Go music -- Using music, story-telling, and rhythm to help create a culture of inclusion and participation in . . . — — Map (db m130826) HM

59 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Langdon — Ionia R. Whipper Home — 2000 Channing Street, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Obstetrician Ionia Rollin Whipper (1872-1953) was a leader in health care services for the city's young women. Born in South Carolina to an illustrious family, Dr. Whipper was educated in the DC public schools before graduating from Howard . . . — — Map (db m187434) HM

60 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Lincoln Heights — 1 — Watts Going On — A Self-Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail —

Across the street is Watts Branch, an actively used creek that has tied together many communities. Unfortunately humans have not always been respectful of this resource. The stream has experienced cycles of neglect and rejuvenation. In . . . — — Map (db m130776) HM

61 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Mahaning Heights — 14 — From Gambling to Garden Apartments — A Self-Reliant People — Greater Deanwood Heritage Trail —

If you had stood here 100 years ago, you might have heard the cheering crowds and thundering hoofbeats of Benning Racetrack just across the tracks to your right. Beginning in 1890, Benning was the best-equipped race course in Washington. . . . — — Map (db m130786) HM

62 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Mayfair — Mayfair Mansions / Albert I. Cassell — 3819 Jay Street, NE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Mayfair Mansions, completed in 1946 on the site of the old Benning Race Track, was one of the city's earliest garden apartment developments. The 500-unit, first-class complex was designed by Howard University Professor of Architecture Albert I. . . . — — Map (db m136186) HM

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63 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Michigan Park — St. Joseph's Seminary —

St. Joseph's Seminary Founded 1888 Major Seminary of The Josephites — — Map (db m186475) HM

64 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, NoMa/Sursum Corda — 1 — All Aboard! — Hub, Home, Heart — Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail — Reported missing

Union Station, across First Street, was the world’s largest railroad terminal when it opened in 1907. Its construction took five years and displaced hundreds of small houses and businesses. Architect Daniel Burnham’s Beaux-Arts masterpiece, . . . — — Map (db m71678) HM

65 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northeast Washington, Trinidad — Holyland Spiritual Temple — 1120 Montello Avenue N. E. —

Pastor Clyde Hill Founder May 4, 1980

I was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the House of the Lord. (Psalms 122:1)

— — Map (db m244059) HM

66 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, 16th Street Heights — 14th Street Graffiti Museum —

Commemorated in 2020 to celebrate the life of Danny Hogg a.k.a. Cool "Disco" Dan the most iconic graffiti writer to emerge from Washington, DC in the 1980s.

Cory Lee Stowers - Curator Gabriela Mossi - Community . . . — — Map (db m231119) HM

67 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, 16th Street Heights — Fellowship Baptist Church —

Organized August 19, 1994 Rev. Carlton W. Veazey Pastor and founder Dedicated September 26, 1999 Carrie L. Leary Chair, Diaconate Board F. Alexis Roberson Chair, Board of Trustees

"I am the Way, . . . — — Map (db m243831) HM

68 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, 16th Street Heights — 3 — Hold the Mayo! — Battleground to Community — Brightwood Heritage Trail — Reported missing

English, Irish and German settlers, as well as enslaved and free African Americans, were the first non-natives to claim Brightwood. Farmers dominated until the Civil War. Then in the 1890s electric streetcars allowed government workers to live . . . — — Map (db m121018) HM

69 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, 16th Street Heights — Jones-Haywood School of Ballet — 1200 Delafield Place, NW — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

The Jones Haywood School of Ballet was founded here by Doris W. Jones and Claire H. Haywood in 1941. Their Capitol Ballet Company, established in 1961, remained the nation's only predominantly African American, professional ballet troupe through the . . . — — Map (db m65511) HM

70 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, 16th Street Heights — 2 — Mayor Emery and the Union Army — Battleground to Community — Brightwood Heritage Trail — Reported missing

The City Park across the street was once Emery Place, the summer estate of Matthew Gault Emery. A prominent builder, Emery was Washington City's last elected mayor during the period of home rule. He was succeeded in 1874 by a . . . — — Map (db m72816) HM

71 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, 16th Street Heights — New St. Paul Baptist Church —

Organized and built April 29, 1959 Rev. R. Burruss — — Map (db m243830) HM

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72 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, 16th Street Heights — St. Charles Baptist Church —

- founder - Rev. Charles C. Hayes 1963 Destroyed by fire 1979 Rebuilt 1981 building fund chairman Dea. Roy L. Dixon co-chairman Dea. Curtis M. Dudley pastor Rev. Charles C. Hayes architect - Cass & . . . — — Map (db m243814) HM

73 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, 16th Street Heights — St. Paul African Methodist Episcopal Church —

Co-founder Anthony Bowen 1856 — — Map (db m243816) HM

74 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — 5 — Ambassadors of Faith — Roads to Diversity — Adams Morgan Heritage Trail —

Three dramatic religious structures dominate this corner. They are among some 40 religious institutions lining 16th Street between the White House and the Maryland state line. Many serve as unofficial “embassies” representing the . . . — — Map (db m152206) HM

75 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — Archaeology in Adams Morgan — Surveying the Cemeteries in Walter Pierce Park, 2005-2013 — Reported permanently removed

In 2013, Howard University archaeologists, working with concerned citizens, completed a seven-year survey of Walter C. Pierce Community Park. Their goal: to identify and protect two 19th Century cemeteries--the Colored Union Benevolent . . . — — Map (db m112588) HM

76 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — Archaeology in Adams Morgan: Surveying the Walter Pierce Park Cemeteries, 2005-2013 —

In 2013, Howard University archaeologists, working with concerned citizens, completed a seven-year survey of Walter C. Pierce Community Park. Their goal, to identify and protect two historic cemeteries—the Colored Union Benevolent . . . — — Map (db m236781) HM

77 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — 16 — Building a Better Neighborhood — Roads to Diversity — Adams Morgan Heritage Trail —

Across the street you can see the Marie H. Reed Community Learning Center. It opened in 1977 on the former sites of Morgan Community School and Happy Hollow Playground. Both the Adams and Morgan elementary schools became "community schools" . . . — — Map (db m130703) HM

78 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — Calvin T.S. Brent Residence — 1700 V Street, NW — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

Calvin T.S. Brent (1854-1899), believed to be Washington's first African American architect, lived here briefly in the early 1890s. (His other residences have been demolished.) Brent began practicing in 1875 and after a two-year apprenticeship and . . . — — Map (db m129528) HM

79 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — 4 — Life on the Park — Roads to Diversity — Adams Morgan Heritage Trail —

During the Civil War (1861-1865), the Union Army Carver Hospital and barracks occupied Meridian Hill. The facilities attracted African American freedom seekers looking for protection and employment. By war’s end, a Black community had put down . . . — — Map (db m130705) HM

80 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — 2 — Meridian Hill / Malcolm X Park — Roads to Diversity — Adams Morgan Heritage Trail —

Long before Europeans arrived, Meridian Hill was a sacred place for Native Americans. As recently as 1992, a delegation of Native Americans walked across the continent to this park to mourn the 500th anniversary of Columbus’s arrival. They were . . . — — Map (db m130706) HM

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81 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — Rediscovery and Remembrance — Hallowed Ground — Rock Creek Park, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

The African American and Quaker cemeteries here were almost lost to time. Both closed in 1890 due to development. Parts of the land were sold to the National Zoo and National Park Service. Developers bought the rest and tried . . . — — Map (db m236780) HM

82 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — Resilience and Resistance — Hallowed Ground — Rock Creek Park, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

Today's Walter Pierce Park was once the site of two cemeteries—the Friends (Quaker) Burying Ground, in use from 1807 to 1890, and Mt. Pleasant Plains Cemetery, where more than 8,400 African Americans were buried between 1870 and 1890. . . . — — Map (db m236776) HM

83 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — Seeking Freedom — Hallowed Ground — Rock Creek Park, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

Mt. Pleasant Plains Cemetery was the final resting place for some of the passengers and conductors of the largest Underground Railroad operation in history: the escape on the sailing ship Pearl. In April 1848, after months of planning, . . . — — Map (db m236777) HM

84 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — Soldiers and Sailors Buried at Mt. Pleasant Plains Cemetery, 1870-1890 — (Walter Pierce Park) — Reported permanently removed

"I knew him when he was drafted for the war, and I knew him when he came back ... He had a soldier's clothes on when he came back, with a gun, canteen, knap sack and blanket."-- Lloyd Mudd, testifying to U.S. Pension officials about . . . — — Map (db m112866) HM

85 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — Soldiers, Sailors, and Refugees of War — Hallowed Ground — Rock Creek Park, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

The Civil War changed Washington, as Union troops poured into the city to secure it, and thousands of refugees from slavery arrived here seeking freedom. More than 40 African American soldiers and sailors were later buried at Mt. . . . — — Map (db m236779) HM

86 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — The ›Duke‹ Ellington Memorial Bridge —

Named in honor of Edward Kennedy Ellington 1899-1974 Native Son Composer - Performer - Playwright International Statesman of Goodwill — — Map (db m67913) HM

87 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — 3 — The Roots of Reed-Cooke — Roads to Diversity — Adams Morgan Heritage Trail —

In 1947, the building on your left opened as the National Arena, a public roller rink and bowling alley. It also hosted professional wrestling, roller derbies, and rock concerts. In 1986 it became the Citadel Motion Picture Center, where . . . — — Map (db m130710) HM

88 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — un/fold — a style anthology of D.C. —

[Marker depicts individuals in historical fashion styles in DC from the 19th and 20th centuries.] Elizabeth Keckley Dressmaker 1818, Dinwiddie, VA ~ 1907, Washington, DC "Art still has . . . — — Map (db m163274) HM

89 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — 11 — Walter Pierce Park — Roads to Diversity — Adams Morgan Heritage Trail —

The Rock Creek Valley, once home to Native Americans, had attracted European settlers by 1703. Before he became president in 1825, John Quincy Adams purchased Adams Mills on Rock Creek from his cousin. The mills, just down the hill, processed . . . — — Map (db m130713) HM

90 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Bloomingdale — Barnett Aden Gallery — 127 Randolph Place, NW — African American Heritage Trail, Washington DC —

The Barnett Aden Gallery, which operated on the first floor of this house between 1943 and 1968, was the first privately owned black art gallery in the United States. It was founded by James Vernon Herring (1897-1969), chair of Howard University's . . . — — Map (db m110518) HM

91 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Bloomingdale — 10 — Bloomingdale — Worthy Ambition — LeDroit Park/Bloomingdale Heritage Trail —

You are standing in the heart of Bloomingdale. Noted DC developer Harry Wardman, responsible for 180 Bloomingdale houses, was one of many builders who built here between 1890 and 1910. These Victorian rowhouses were designed for . . . — — Map (db m130827) HM

92 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Bloomingdale — 9 — Court Nullifies Racial Covenants — Worthy Ambition — LeDroit Park/Bloomingdale Heritage Trail —

In the 1940s, homeowners in the 100 block of Bryant Street breached a contract when they sold their houses to African Americans. Covenants, or agreements, in their real estate deeds prohibited "the sale of the house to anyone of the Negro . . . — — Map (db m130828) HM

93 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Bloomingdale — 11 — Dividing Line — Worthy Ambition — LeDroit Park/Bloomingdale Heritage Trail —

This busy stretch of Rhode Island Avenue was a racial dividing line even as DC became majority African American in 1957. "African Americans were not welcome on [the north] side of the street," commented Reverend Bobby Livingston years later, . . . — — Map (db m130840) HM

94 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Bloomingdale — 12 — Fathers and Sons — Worthy Ambition — LeDroit Park/Bloomingdale Heritage Trail —

St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church celebrated its first Mass in 1901 in a nearby mansion. Father Eugene Hannan, a graduate of Gonzaga High School just south of here, founded St. Martin's to serve the growing Catholic population that dated to . . . — — Map (db m130841) HM

95 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Bloomingdale — 14 — Great Expectations — Worthy Ambition — LeDroit Park/Bloomingdale Heritage Trail — Reported missing

Bloomingdale of the 1940s and '50s was a village of high expectations. Within a block of this sign lived four young women who grew up to be judges. Anna Diggs Taylor rose to chief judge of the U.S. District Court in Michigan. The . . . — — Map (db m130843) HM

96 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Bloomingdale — 13 — Home to Headliners — Worthy Ambition — LeDroit Park/Bloomingdale Heritage Trail —

Edward Brooke, who represented Massachusetts in the U.S. Senate from 1967 to 1979, was the first African American elected to the Senate in the 20th century. Brooke was born at 1938 Third Street and later lived with his family at 1730 First . . . — — Map (db m130842) HM

97 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Bloomingdale — Metropolitan Wesley A.M.E. Zion Church — The Gate Way to Freedom —

Organized 1832. 2nd Church Built 1833. Admitted to Philadelphia-Baltimore Conference, 1837. 3rd Church Built 1888. Relocated present site, 1956. Bishop Raymond Luthe Jones, Presiding Bishop, 4th Episcopal District. Dr. William B. . . . — — Map (db m11042) HM

98 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Bloomingdale — 7 — Separate Schools — Worthy Ambition — LeDroit Park/Bloomingdale Heritage Trail —

The Nathaniel Gage School for white children opened here in 1904, when Washington's public school system was segregated. By the 1930s, even though LeDroit Park was an African American neighborhood, Gage remained white only. "I had to walk by . . . — — Map (db m130839) HM

99 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Brightwood — 7 — An African American Enclave — Battleground to Community — Brightwood Heritage Trail —

Even before emancipation freed Washington's enslaved people in April 1862, a free African American community had developed here amid the European American farmers. The District of Columbia, unlike its neighbors, permitted the formerly enslaved . . . — — Map (db m143796) HM

100 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Brightwood — 17 — Aunt Betty's Story — Battleground to Community — Brightwood Heritage Trail —

Elizabeth Proctor Thomas (1821-1917), a free Black woman whose image appears on each Brightwood Heritage Trail sign, once owned 11 acres in this area. Known, respectfully in her old age as "Aunt Betty," Thomas and her husband James farmed and . . . — — Map (db m72830) HM

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