Myrtle Terrace
109 North 29th Street
has been placed on the
National Register
of Historic Places
by the United States
Department of the Interior — — Map (db m216583) HM
Patrick Henry Memorial Park
Made possible by the generosity of
Dr. J. Fulmer Bright
Brigadier General, National Guard
Mayor of the City of Richmond, 1924 to 1940
and by
The City of Richmond
in . . . — — Map (db m235977) HM
An old Indian stone removed from and now overlooking “Powhatan Seat” a royal residence of King Powhatan when Captain John Smith and his fellow “Adventurers” made the first permanent English settlement in this country at . . . — — Map (db m16110) HM
Richmond Hill was an early name for Church Hill.
Richard Adams, one of the most prominent men in
Richmond, built a house on this site by the 1790s,
and a second house, still standing, was constructed
here about 1810. William Taylor remodeled . . . — — Map (db m108229) HM
During the Civil War, overwhelming numbers of sick and wounded soldiers came to Richmond seeking treatment at one of the city's dozens of Confederate medical facilities, the best known of which was Chimborazo Hospital, established on this site in . . . — — Map (db m72991) HM
This Greek Revival home was first purchased by James B. Royster, brother of Elmira Shelton. Royster was a tobacco manufacturer, druggist, commission merchant, and city auditor of Richmond. Jane C. Royster, wife and noted socialite, met Gen. . . . — — Map (db m149659) HM
Here on 23 March 1776 Patrick Henry delivered his “Liberty or Death” speech, calling for American independence, during the second Virginia revolutionary conventions that included as members George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Peyton . . . — — Map (db m1907) HM
Samuel L. Gravely Jr., a pioneering naval officer, spent his early years near here at 819 Nicholson Street in Fulton. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy Reserve in 1942 and in Dec. 1944 became the first African American commissioned as a Navy Reserve . . . — — Map (db m242975) HM
St. John’s Church symbolizes the foundations of our republic and the founding ideal of liberty. Here, Patrick Henry’s masterful argument summoned Americans toward independence with the immortal words, “Give me liberty or give me death” . . . — — Map (db m32695) HM
St. John's
Episcopal Church
has been designated a
National Historic Landmark
This site possesses national significance in commemorating the history of the United States of America.
It was in St. John's Church on March 23, . . . — — Map (db m235979) HM
With the faith and courage of
their forefathers who made
possible the freedom of these
United States
the Boy Scouts of America
dedicated this copy of the
Statue of Liberty as a pledge
of everlasting fidelity and
loyalty
40th . . . — — Map (db m16415) WM
The J.M. Carter House
609 North 25th Street
c. 1850
has been placed on the
National Register of Historic Places
as a contributing building to the
Church Hill North Historic District
by the U.S. Department of the Interior . . . — — Map (db m180199) HM
The J.M. Carter House
607 North 25th Street
c. 1850
has been placed on the
National Register of Historic Places
as a contributing building to the
Church Hill North Historic District
by the U.S. Department of the Interior . . . — — Map (db m180201) HM
Lewis Doughty, a ship's carpenter, built this house in 1860. It was used as a temporary hospital during the seven days battle.
June 26-July 3, 1862 — — Map (db m101100) HM
The Ligon House
Built 1850
is registered as a Virginia Historic Landmark
And placed on the
National Register of Historic Places
— — Map (db m149661) HM
The
Pulliam House
has been placed on the
National Register
of Historic Places
by the United States
Department of the Interior
1856
— — Map (db m149662) HM
The curve of the James River and steep slope on this side of are very much like the features of the River Thames in England, at a royal village west of London called Richmond upon Thames.
William Byrd II, an important planter, merchant, . . . — — Map (db m16146) HM
The Williamson Allen House
built in 1857
has been placed on the
National Register
of Historic Places
by the United States
Department of the Interior — — Map (db m216581) HM
Erected in 1860, this building housed Trinity Methodist Church until 1945 when the congregation moved to Henrico County. It was designed by noted Richmond architect Albert West, who was also a leading Methodist. The roots of the Trinity congregation . . . — — Map (db m1903) HM
St. John’s Church is an active Episcopal church and a national historic landmark. The church was built in 1741 as part of the Henrico Parish, which was established in 1611. It was here on 23 March 1775, that Patrick Henry delivered his famous . . . — — Map (db m32696) HM
In memory of those
who gave their lives
in World War II
William J Anderson
William David Armstrong
John Ellis Epps
Fred P. Hargadon
Thomas V. Hudson
Joseph Theodore Kane
Thomas E. O'Connor
Dallas C. Richardson
Robert Emmett . . . — — Map (db m145315) WM
The John Adams Double House, built in 1809,
was acquired for Historic Richmond Foundation with contributions in memory of
Wyndham Bolling Blanton, M. D.
physician and historian
a founder and first president of
Historic . . . — — Map (db m133771) HM
In 1888, the world’s first successful electric railway, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway, branched at this point to link downtown and Jackson Ward with the suburbs. This system, designed by Frank Julian Sprague (1857–1934), contained 12 . . . — — Map (db m1899) HM
Built 1808
Once home of William Wirt 1816-1818
lawyer, author, politician
Attorney General of the United States
This Federal Period house
is a superior example of its type
Acquired in 1970 by
The William Byrd Branch of the . . . — — Map (db m47012) HM
Born enslaved near Richmond in 1863, John Mitchell, Jr. came of age in the tumultuous post–Civil War era. In 1883, he launched a daring journalism career, becoming editor and publisher of the black-owned Richmond Planet once located . . . — — Map (db m57530) HM
Pennsylvanians Linton Miller, Webster Rhoads, and Simon Gerhart opened a dry goods shop several blocks west of here in 1885. Later known as Miller & Rhoads, the business moved here in 1888, and became an upscale department store. After African . . . — — Map (db m182023) HM
Pennsylvanians Linton Miller, Webster Rhads, and Simon Gerhart opened a dry goods shop several blocks west of here in 1885. Later known as Miller & Rhoads, the business moved here in 1888, became an upscale department store, and ultimately expanded . . . — — Map (db m182024) HM
Opened in 1904 and demolished in 2009, the hotel that stood here hosted regional and national black luminaries, celebrities, tourists, and leaders including Booker T. Washington. Built by William “Buck” Miller, Miller’s Hotel was one of . . . — — Map (db m89521) HM
On 22 Feb. 1960, 34 Virginia Union University students, 11 women and 23 men, refused to leave the segregated dining facilities here at Thalhimers department store and were arrested. Charged with trespassing, they were later convicted and fined. This . . . — — Map (db m95568) HM
On February 22, 1960 Thirty-four Virginia Union University students staged a sit-in protest against segregation in the restaurants of Thalhimers department store, which stood on this site. Richmond city police arrested the students for trespassing, . . . — — Map (db m28850) HM
Here March 1, 1864, two regiments of Confederate local defence troops under Col. John McAnerney defeated Federal cavalry under Col. Ulric Dahlgren, who sought to destroy Richmond and to release Federal prisoners there. On the same day Kilpatrick . . . — — Map (db m14244) HM
Howard's Grove was a 19th-century recreational retreat near Richmond before becoming a Confederate hospital in 1862. After the Civil War, the Freedmen's Bureau operated a hospital here for African Americans suffering from mental disorders, ill . . . — — Map (db m180205) HM
Captain Christopher Newport
Captain John Smith and other
Englishmen were welcomed upon this
hill by the Powhatan Indians
May 23, 1607 — — Map (db m230996) HM
This 105-acre site was part of William Byrd III's vast 1700s holdings along the James River. In 1836, Holden Rhodes (1799-1857), noted jurist and early president of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad Company, purchased the property, named it . . . — — Map (db m28854) HM
Sievers, 1872-1966, one of the South’s most prolific sculptors, maintained his residence and studio at what is now 1206 W. 43rd Street for more than one half century. Although best known for his Virginia monument at Gettysburg and the memorials to . . . — — Map (db m31785) HM
The Raceway and Earlier Uses of the Site
This raceway brought water from the James River and Kanawha Canal to power waterwheels, and later turbines, that drove machinery. During its earliest use, the raceway contained at least two overshot . . . — — Map (db m24411) HM
In 1916, the Dixie Paper Company opened a paper mill in the building of the closed Brown’s Island electric plant. By 1919, the mill was taken over by Albemarle Paper Company, which had been operating a paper mill just upriver at Hollywood since . . . — — Map (db m24107) HM
James River Park System
The Virginia Company of London instructed the first English colonists to choose a river for their settlement and to “let Captain Newport discover how far that river may be found navigable.” Following this . . . — — Map (db m23719) HM
During the winter of 1863-1864, the island visible from this spot held up to 8,000 Union army prisoners.
After the outbreak of the Civil War, prisoners poured into Richmond. Camps built only as transport stations soon became permanent. Over the . . . — — Map (db m24097) HM
Once called Washington’s or Broad Rock Island, Belle Isle was bought by Captain John Smith from Chief Powatan in 1608. Early travelers found the island natural and idyllic and current visitors only see hints of the island’s industrial past. In 1815, . . . — — Map (db m24375) HM
Directly in front of you, in mid-river, is Belle Isle. Despite the large number of Union prisoners brought to Richmond during the Civil War, the city had only two full-time prisons. Libby Prison for Union officers, a mile and a half downriver, was . . . — — Map (db m26595) HM
Brown’s Island was created when the Haxall Canal was extended west to the Tredegar Iron Works.
Encircled by the waterways that provided power and transportation to flour mills, foundries, and paper companies, Brown’s Island has been at the . . . — — Map (db m24095) HM
Brown’s Island is named for Elijah Brown who acquired it in 1826. Brown came from Rhode Island in 1811 to be a gunsmith at the Virginia Manufactory of Arms. In 1818, he entered the Public Guard, which was stationed at the Manufactory, and served . . . — — Map (db m24105) HM
canal walk
First envisioned by George Washington in 1774, the canals were to be part of a continuous transportation route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. By 1789, initial construction of portions of the canal around the . . . — — Map (db m23793) HM
canal walk
One hundred and fifty years ago, Richmond’s waterfront bustled with business and trade, workers and travelers, hotels, saloons, and tobacco warehouses. Along the canals, barges were towed by teams of horses and mules. Batteaux for . . . — — Map (db m23887) HM
You are standing amid the remains of the Tredegar Iron Works, the nation’s largest and best-equipped ironworks in 1860. Some Tredegar iron industries operated until the 1950s.
Today, Tredegar’s Pattern Storage Building, constructed around 1867, . . . — — Map (db m24474) HM
The Tredegar Company operated a company store, or commissary, in this two story brick building. The company store was opened shortly after Tredegar resumed production at the end of the Civil War (c.1868) and remained in business until just after the . . . — — Map (db m24129) HM
Brown’s Island was the site of the Confederate Laboratory, a major powder-loading and cartridge-producing plant during the Civil War.
During the Civil War, the hazardous work of loading powder was carried out here on Brown’s Island because of . . . — — Map (db m24098) HM
In 1862, during the Civil War, Confederates established an ordnance laboratory and complex on the western part of nearby Brown’s Island. Workers there, many of them women and children who were forced to find employment because of the economic . . . — — Map (db m64016) HM
The cupolas you see here sat atop the Virginia State Penitentiary building that stood not far from here. Benjamin Henry Latrobe's original penitentiary was replaced by the building below in the 20th century, but was torn down in 1992 when the state . . . — — Map (db m24143) HM
The Pattern Building’s origins reflect the uses of the Valentine Riverside site by several industries that were key to America’s, and Richmond’s industrial development. The building’s stone and brick foundations are from a water-powered flour mill . . . — — Map (db m24154) HM
Power from Brown’s Island began to run streetcars in 1894, when Richmond Railway & Electric built a coal-fired generating plant.
In 1888, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway became the first streetcar line in the world to be successfully . . . — — Map (db m24106) HM
By 1844, Tredegar Iron Works managers used this building for an office and as a residence. After the Civil War, it became the principal iron works office. It was rebuilt after being damaged by fire in 1903. During most of the history of Tredegar, . . . — — Map (db m24128) HM
The Falls of the James River are the central physical fact of Richmond, having directly influenced its history through their effect upon Trade, Energy, Community and Nourishment.
Trade
As the Falls of the James are a natural barrier . . . — — Map (db m23814) HM
This Francis Type Turbine was used on the Tredegar site in the early twentieth century and is very similar to one of the five turbines located near the building to your left. It was built by the S. Morgan Smith Company of York, Pennsylvania. By . . . — — Map (db m24426) HM
Welcome to our nation’s only multistate Civil War driving trail, which links hundreds of authentic sites in three states. Established in Virginia in 1995 as the Route of Lee’s Retreat trail, the program has grown to include more than 400 sites in . . . — — Map (db m23652) HM
One of Richmond's early canals began as a millrace, built by David Ross in 1789.
When the Ross Mill was acquired by the Haxall family in 1809, the race became known as the Haxall Canal.
Before the American Revolution, Samuel Overton built . . . — — Map (db m23921) HM
The Tredegar Iron Works was one of the nation’s largest and best-equipped ironworks in 1860.
At its height, this industrial powerhouse employed Richmond’s largest industrial working force, approximately 800 free and slave . . . — — Map (db m47018) HM
In the late 1800s, horse-drawn carts, wagons, and carriages dominated city streets, and southern agriculture still largely depended on the power of horses and mules. To meet the demand for horse and mule shoes, Tredegar began selling machine-made . . . — — Map (db m24137) HM
The red line below marks the highest known flood level at this location.
On June 20, 1972, Hurricane Agnes brought torrential rainfall to the Richmond region, with the flood crest occurring on June 23. Al this spot, flood levels reached a . . . — — Map (db m124035) HM
Imperial Airlines Flight 201/8, carrying 74 U.S. Army recruits to Columbia, SC, crashed southeast of Richmond on 8 Nov. 1961. All of the recruits and three of the five crew members perished. At the time, the crash was the worst in Virginia history . . . — — Map (db m149634) HM
Iron companies in the late 1800s began melting down scrap metal from old machines and parts to make new products, just as we recycle materials like aluminum cans today. The “car wheel crusher” that stood here broke up old railroad car . . . — — Map (db m24405) HM
“The manner he preaches is only in keeping with the openness and candor of his heart.” Deacon and Officers of the Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Church, 1884
“Jasper didn’t convert me to his religion, but he did convert me to . . . — — Map (db m24102) HM
Born February 16, 1813 in Fincastle, Virginia
Died September 7, 1892 at Isle of Shoales, New Hampshire
Buried in Hollywood Cemetery
Cadet Captain, Class of 1836, West Point Military Academy
Purchased Tredegar Iron Works, April 4, 1848 . . . — — Map (db m75316) HM
During the 1880’s the Tredegar Iron Works made many of the specialized machines necessary in iron production. This was especially true for machinery used in the rolling mills. Two major parts of the stand of rolls you see in the display behind you, . . . — — Map (db m24427) HM
By 1873, complaints about Mayo’s’ tolls led to the opening of the Free Bridge.
The day after the Free Bridge opened, thousands crowded onto it to watch the Reverend John Jasper conduct a large group-baptism ceremony in the river.
For . . . — — Map (db m24104) HM
[Three] communities grew up around the Tredegar Iron Works: Oregon Hill, Penitentiary Bottom, and Gamble’s Hill. Today little remains of these communities. A part of Oregon hill still survives, but Penitentiary Bottom and Gamble’s Hill are both . . . — — Map (db m24413) HM
This is a reconstruction of one of many waterwheels used on this site. It is called an overshot wheel because the water flows over the top. The Tredegar Iron Works used waterwheels from its founding in 1836 until the 1870s when turbines were . . . — — Map (db m24148) HM
Overshot waterwheels generated mechanical energy that operated all of Tredegar's furnaces and machinery from the time of the Iron Work's founding in 1837 until just after the American Civil War.
Turbines replaced Tredegar's waterwheel by the . . . — — Map (db m101432) HM
No place that we knew so strong, so pleasant and delightful in Virginia that we called it Non-such.
—John Smith, describing Powhatan, later the site of Richmond
Potterfield Bridge
This bridge honors the crowning achievement . . . — — Map (db m128032) HM
The Civil War framed the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Within weeks of his election in 1860 as the sixteenth American president, South Carolina seceded from the Union. The primary Confederate army surrendered on April 9, 1865, only days before . . . — — Map (db m4804) HM
President Abraham Lincoln's April 4 and 5, 1865 visit to Richmond, with his son Tad, only a day after the evacuation by the Confederate government, was remarkable for its timing and circumstances. Weary of war and worried about the country's . . . — — Map (db m218365) HM
"The railroad bridge — then a frail, giddy structure, wide enough for a track and footway - spans near a mile across the boiling current." Thomas Cooper De Leon, 1890
Across the canal stands one of the remaining piers from the . . . — — Map (db m23809) HM
As you explore the grounds of the Tredegar Iron Works, you will occasionally see evidence of underground networks. Below the ground are numerous “raceways,” tunnels of stone and brick, which carried water downhill from the canal to . . . — — Map (db m24209) HM
Nearly all of the materials shipped to and from Tredegar moved by railroad after the Civil War. The company’s small fleet of industrial switcher locomotives moved car loads along the spur lines that connected Tredegar to the outside world. Over two . . . — — Map (db m24404) HM
Thomas Rutherfoord, a Scottish immigrant, built a flour mill on this site around 1800, using water power from the James River and Kanawha Canal. The ruins of the stone foundation can still be seen. Grain milling was the earliest industrial use of . . . — — Map (db m24204) HM
This 6.4-inch Brooke rifled cannon represents one of the greatest sources of pride for the Confederacy. Named for its inventor, John Mercer Brooke, this type of gun was renowned for its superior range, accuracy and reliability over its smoothbore . . . — — Map (db m24109) HM
This 6.4-inch Brooke rifled cannon became a great source of pride for the Confederacy. Named for its inventor, John Mercer Brooke, this type of gun was renowned for its superior range, accuracy, and reliability compared to to its smoothbore . . . — — Map (db m168266) HM
The earth-moving machine we call a "bulldozer" got its name from this type of press. This bulldozer press made by Williams and White, shapes and straightens pieces of metal. — — Map (db m34650) HM
At the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, the James River and the Kanawha Canal extended to Buchanon, nearly 200 miles west of Richmond. As Virginia’s railroads fell prey to Union armies, the canal became an increasingly important artery in the . . . — — Map (db m24112) HM
The cupola furnace was last used here as part of the carwheel foundry, where railroad carwheels were cast until the 1950’s. The wall in front of you is the back wall of the building, and the arch behind you is the remains of the front wall of the . . . — — Map (db m24135) HM
This building was built in 1861 to cast cannons for the Confederate Government. One of the reasons Richmond became the capital of the Confederacy was its ability to produce arms, clothing, paper, and other essentials for the Confederate government, . . . — — Map (db m24121) HM
The expansion of railroads in the 1830s fueled the growth of iron works like Tredegar, and by the Civil War, five railroads had come into Richmond. The Richmond-Petersburg was the first railroad bridge in the city. It was built by Moncure Robinson, . . . — — Map (db m24389) HM
The Tredegar Iron Works
Founded 1836
Made for the Confederate Government
1861-1865
The greater part of the cannon and
projectiles produced in the southern
states and the wrought iron armor of
the frigate
Merrimac-Virginia
This . . . — — Map (db m24282) HM
Some of the most dramatic events in Richmond’s history occurred during Three Days in April 1865 when the city fell to the Union army after four years of Civil War. — — Map (db m23748) HM
This press was used to finish iron and steel parts, such as the pieces of rail-connecting plate (known as fishplate) you see displayed here. It straightened hundreds of thousands of tons of metal in its lifetime. The machine weighs about 40 tons. . . . — — Map (db m24151) HM
The lines in the parking lot represent the outlines of building shown on the 1951 insurance map of Tredegar, below. Three machine shops were constructed in 1872 to manufacture railroad cars and were converted to boiler and machine hops around . . . — — Map (db m24138) HM
Tredegar in the Twentieth Century
The lines in the parking lot represent the outlines of buildings as shown on this 1951 insurance map of Tredegar. Three machine shops stood to your right. Constructed in 1872 to manufacture railroad cars, . . . — — Map (db m24378) HM
By 1861 the Tredegar Iron Works were the largest in the Confederacy. The sprawling complex seen in this plan produced much of the ordnance used by the Confederate army and navy. But in 1863, a devastating fire destroyed the Crenshaw mill (site of . . . — — Map (db m24110) HM
"The industrial economy of the South once revolved around a few acres of land in the Capital of the Confederacy."Giles Cromwell, Historian, 1992
"It is doubtful whether an abler business man than General Anderson ever lived in this . . . — — Map (db m30072) HM
Tredegar Iron Works
has been designated a
National Historic Landmark by
American Society for Metals
Chartered in 1837, Tredegar Iron Works was a major supplier of armament to the Confederacy during the Civil War. The foundry cast more . . . — — Map (db m75317) HM
The Tredegar Iron Works had several rolling mills, which produced rails, bars to be made into spikes, connecting plates for rails, merchant bar iron, and plates. The Tredegar rolling mill’s most famous work was the plates made for the ironclad . . . — — Map (db m24406) HM
You are now standing in the middle of the footprint of the Tredegar spike mill. Since its beginnings in the 1830s, the Tredegar Iron Works relied on railroads as a major market. Spikes were one of the most important products Tredegar made and, even . . . — — Map (db m24387) HM
The Virginia General Assembly authorized a
state penitentiary in 1796 during a penal reform
movement aimed at rehabilitating convicts
through confinement and labor. Benjamin H.
Latrobe, who later designed the United States
Capitol, was the . . . — — Map (db m108228) HM
This memorial
erected by the Commonwealth
of Virginia commemorates the
service and sacrifice of all
Virginians during
World War II··1941-45
and Korea···1950-53
Vietnam·····1955-75
Persian Gulf·1991
Above this, . . . — — Map (db m5073) WM
Jamestown colonists first saw the falls of the James in May 1607 during an exploratory trip to find the head of the river. John Smith and Gabriel Archer described the falls in their journals. Smith recorded how the violent waters brought an abrupt . . . — — Map (db m182692) HM
In front of you are the trails on Belle Isle, a historic part of the James River Park System. To your left is Brown’s Island and the canal walk.
About a mile below the falls, Christopher Newport, John Smith and 21 others found a native . . . — — Map (db m23714) HM
Extreme Left
Federal Reserve Bank — This impressive steel and glass building rises 26 stories. It houses the Fifth District headquarters of the Federal Reserve System that regulates money supply in the southeast.
Only 51% . . . — — Map (db m46973) HM
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