During the 1920s - 1940s, Durham was home to African American musicians whose work defined a distinctive regional style. Blues artists often played in the surrounding Hayti community and downtown tobacco warehouse district. Prominent among these . . . — — Map (db m219801) HM
Hillside High opened as a school for black students in 1921 at Pine and Umstead streets on land donated by John Sprint Hill. It moved in 1950 to a larger building, the former Whitted Junior High School, at this location. In 1996, Hillside High . . . — — Map (db m126192) HM
Negro educational and religious leader. Founder of a college (1910), now N.C. Central University, its president to 1947. Grave 1½ miles S.E. — — Map (db m219796) HM
The Long Black Freedom Struggle
Born in Enfield, North Carolina in 1898, Louis Austin personified the black freedom struggle. Growing up in an era of white supremacy, many blacks gave up hope of overturning racial segregation in economic, . . . — — Map (db m232672) HM
The house was built in 1925 for Dr. James E. Shepard, founder and first president of North Carolina Central University, and his family, with funds collected until his death in 1947. The State of North Carolina purchased the home in 1949, and it . . . — — Map (db m126191) HM
John Hope Franklin (January 2, 1915 – March 25, 2009) was an American historian of the United States and former president of Phi Beta Kappa, the Organization of American Historians, the American Historical Association and the Southern Historical . . . — — Map (db m232639) HM
The North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, Mechanics and Farmers Bank, the Mutual Building and Loan Association and North Carolina College were model financial and educational institutions devoted to entrepreneurship and self-help in Durham. — — Map (db m210737) HM
Since 1898, White Rock Baptist Church, St. Joseph A.M.E. Church, Stanford L. Warren Library, Lincoln Hospital, John Avery Boys and Girls Club, North Carolina College, and Durham Public Schools are all connected historically to black businesses on . . . — — Map (db m210739) HM
In the early decades of the 1900's Durham acquired national reputation for entrepreneurship. Businesses owned by African Americans lined Parrish Street. Among them were N.C. Mutual Life Insurance Co. (moved to Parrish, 1906), led by John Merrick. . . . — — Map (db m218168) HM
John Merrick's 1898 admonition, "Let us think more of our employment" guided the development of Parrish Street as the center city address of many ambitious bankers, doctors, lawyers and accountants whose investments in a growing African American . . . — — Map (db m218171) HM
Historic Preservation
Society of Durham
North Carolina Mutual
Life Insurance Co./
Mechanics and Farmers Bank
1921
Neoclassical Revival Landmark that anchored Durham's “Black Wall Street.” Home office of N.C. . . . — — Map (db m232644) HM
Through strategic leadership and funding since 1935, Black entrepreneurs on Parrish Street are active participants in the founding of the Durham Business and Professional Chain, the Durham Committee on the Affairs of Black People, Black newspapers . . . — — Map (db m218173) HM
Historic Preservation
Society of Durham
Lincoln Hospital
1901-1976
Founded on Procter St. by Dr. Aaron
Moore, John Merrick & Dr. Stanford L.
Warren, with a gift from Washington
Duke. The community matched gifts
from J.B. & . . . — — Map (db m232648) HM
In Loving Memory of
Beulah C. Bowens Fuller
1918-1997
Wilson, North Carolina
Class of 1940
North Carolina College for Negroes at Durham
A graduate of Darden High School in Wilson, North Carolina and the first in her family to . . . — — Map (db m126198) HM
Holy Cross Church, established in Durham in 1939 by the Maryland Province of the Society of Jesus, was among North Carolina's earliest African-American Catholic congregations. A rectory was built in 1942 with one room serving as the chapel, and this . . . — — Map (db m218218) HM
Administration and classroom centerpiece for New Georgian Style campus of North Carolina College for Negroes. Designed by the local architectural firm, Atwood & Nash.
North Carolina Central University Historic District — — Map (db m126200) HM
[First panel] Inspiring Family
Grandfather Robert G. Fitzgerald came south after the
Civil War as a teacher and an activist for democracy. He
was immensely proud of his service in the Union Army
and Navy and often chose to be . . . — — Map (db m232526) HM
[First Panel] Pauli Murray Family Home, 1933 Aunt Pauline Fitzgerald Dame sitting on the porch of the family home (built circa 1898), 906 Carroll Street in Durham in 1933. Courtesy of Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard . . . — — Map (db m232528) HM
[First panel] Pauli Murray, 1910-1985, believed in justice,
reconciliation, and freedom. She championed the
cause of human rights through her work as an author,
educator, lawyer, feminist, poet and priest.
First African American female Episcopal priest; lawyer, activist, poet, & human rights champion. Wrote Proud Shoes, 1956. Childhood home ¼ mi. S. — — Map (db m232536) HM
During the Civil War, thousands of slaves escaped to U.S. Army lines, and more than thirty African Americans from Edgecombe County enlisted in the 35th, 36th, and 37th U.S. Colored Troops, 14th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, and U.S. Navy. After the . . . — — Map (db m74138) HM
Timeline of Events
• June 20: Alexander Evans picked up suit of clothes left near trash at 220 West View Park Drive. Residents complain to city and Evans returns clothes to supervisor next day.
• July 5: Evans suspended by city and . . . — — Map (db m226858) HM
A founder in 1908 of Alpha Kappa Alpha,
nation’s oldest sorority for African Americans;
history teacher. Her grave is ¼ mile east. — — Map (db m48677) HM
This marker dedicated on September 1, 2007 memorializes and honors a predominately African American community.
Originally the community was known as around the "Wire" today it is known as the "Y" community. It sprang up in the early 20th . . . — — Map (db m225617) HM
Operated the Douglas-Armstrong Drug Company in the Douglas Building that he developed circa 1916: prominently located, three blocks west, at the corner of NE Main St, and E Thomas St. It is the anchor building for the Douglas Block and was the . . . — — Map (db m225623) HM
Former slave. Voted for better roads, schools, and colleges as State representative, 1879, 1887; and State senator, 1889. His home stands here. — — Map (db m225618) HM
The Lincoln Park Historic District , which is located in the northeast section of Rocky Mount, was constructed from 1948 through 1953 featuring single family housing, one restaurant, and motel. The restaurant and motel was owned by Clarence E. . . . — — Map (db m225625) HM
In his speech, Nov. 27, 1962, in gym 200 yards S.E., civil rights leader delivered refrain "I have a dream," used in Lincoln Memorial address, 1963. — — Map (db m225619) HM
Founding Member
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority,
Incorporated
Lived in this residence (1926-1857).
Educator - Brick Junior College (1910-1926).
Booker T. Washington High School (1926-1952).
Historian - Annual Negro History Exhibit . . . — — Map (db m225628) HM
Led by African American workers and civil rights coalition, 1978, against sanitation dept., here. It reshaped the labor movement in N.C. — — Map (db m226855) HM
In the early 1930s Thelonious Monk's family moved from NC into a small apartment in Manhattan, the city where Monk spent most of the remainder of his life. Largely self-taught, Monk started his musical activities by age six, and at age ten he began . . . — — Map (db m244720) HM
Born Oct. 10, 1917 at 815 Green St. (aka Red Row), site 75 yds. west-northwest. Son of Thelonious Monk of Sampson County, whose forebears were enslaved on Archibald Monk and Willis Cole plantations near Newton Grove, and Barbara Batts Monk of . . . — — Map (db m226721) HM
East Tarboro Citizens League formed here June 1963. Led by Dr. Moses Ray. Improved housing, jobs, and voting rights for black residents. — — Map (db m226885) HM
Represented the state's "Black Second" district, U.S. House, 1897-1901. Last black Southerner in Congress for 72 years.
Lived two blocks east. — — Map (db m45101) HM
Black farmworkers in region affiliated with labor union, 1886-1890. Precursor to the Fusion movement. State convention held here, 1890. — — Map (db m162779) HM
St. Paul A.M.E. Zion Church was organized
on the fourth Sunday in March 1866 under
the leadership of George C. Caine.
The house of worship was erected on the
corner of St. David and Granville Streets
in 1869.
We are grateful to . . . — — Map (db m46638) HM
Landmark N.C. Supreme Court Case, 1834, Gave protection to slaves who killed in self-defense. Will was a slave on the Battle plantation, here. — — Map (db m173393) HM
Established for blacks in 1895 through philanthropy of Mrs. Joseph K. Brick; became junior college in 1926. Closed, 1933. Buildings stood here. — — Map (db m221575) HM
The community established along this road in the Bethania Town Lot was built by African-American men and women who began acquiring land here following the Civil War. Many of these people had been enslaved on the Oak Grove plantation, from which they . . . — — Map (db m52538) HM
One room school that was used to educate African American children from approximately 1915 to the late 1940s. Grades 1 through 7 were all taught in one room with as many as 50 children and "one small library of 20 books over in the corner". First . . . — — Map (db m52541) HM
Oak Grove School was constructed ca. 1910 and served nearby African-American children from ca. 1910-1950. Tradition maintains that Oak Grove's construction was made possible through the donation of the site by a local African-American family, the . . . — — Map (db m52577) HM
New Hope Church is the oldest continuing African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church within the Township of Lewisville. This church is among the oldest AME Zion congregations in Forsyth County. — — Map (db m54288) HM
Memorial Industrial School began as the Colored Baptist Orphanage Home for African-American children, located in the Belview neighborhood of Winston-Salem's Southside area. In 1928, it moved eight miles north of the city's downtown. The . . . — — Map (db m104696) HM
“Y” Camps Betty Hastings and Civitan were located
near Old Field Creek, which runs below the road
here – Civitan 1½ miles north and Betty Hastings ¾
of a mile south. The Glade Street YWCA opened
Camp Betty Hastings in 1936, offering . . . — — Map (db m234045) HM
Named for prominent local African-American education pioneer, Dr. Simon Green Atkins, Atkins High School was designed by Harold Macklin in the Classical Revival style and constructed 1930-1931. Atkins was the first school in Winston-Salem built as a . . . — — Map (db m83275) HM
The neighborhood formerly located on the site of the baseball stadium was a noteworthy African-American area. It was established on land originally owned by Nathaniel T. Watkins, a local merchant. By the early 1900s, the area functioned as part of . . . — — Map (db m52152) HM
The Belews Street neighborhood developed ca. 1900 and largely stood where present-day U.S. 52 and Business 40 intersect. By the early 1940s, the mixed-race neighborhood became one of predominantly working-class African-Americans, many of whom were . . . — — Map (db m98778) HM
In 1893, Boston Cottage Co. sold the first lots here,
just north of the Winston city limits and west of Old
Town Road. Builders constructed small rental houses
for African Americans, many of whom worked in
tobacco factories. Except for 40 sold . . . — — Map (db m239164) HM
Since 1936, Carver High School has been a source of pride, accomplishment and enthusiasm for Winston-Salem and Forsyth County. It was the first high school to serve African-American students outside the Winston-Salem city limits, who otherwise would . . . — — Map (db m52750) HM
A significant feature of the Bellview neighborhood, the Colored Baptist Orphanage Home opened in 1905 and was the only African-American orphanage in North Carolina. About 1919, the organization moved from a nearby farm house to a new building on . . . — — Map (db m63744) HM
An enslaved African American named David (also known as Davy) lived in a house built here on Lot 7 in 1835. David was purchased by the Wachovia Administration in 1805, eventually becoming the servant of the Administrator, Rev. Ludwig von . . . — — Map (db m172141) HM
When built in 1887, the Depot Street Graded School was the largest and most important public school for African-Americans in North Carolina. Education pioneer, Dr. Simon Green Atkins, came to Winston as principal of the school in 1890. Under Atkins' . . . — — Map (db m63688) HM
spoke here at Goler Metropolitan A.M.E. Zion Church on Monday Apr. 13, 1964 for the Voter Registration Project of Winston-Salem — — Map (db m239243) HM
In April of 1953, three African—American physicians and their wives, Dr. H. Darius and Laney Malloy, Dr. H. Rembert and Elaine Malloy, and Dr. J. Charles and Beatrice Jordan offered to the city a site for the new African-American branch . . . — — Map (db m98989) HM
In the opening year of the Civil War, the church behind you (now St. Philips Moravian) was constructed for enslaved and free black Moravians. Its cornerstone was laid on August 24, 1861, and it was consecrated on December 15. It replaced an . . . — — Map (db m172121) HM
The Rev. George Washington Holland organized First Baptist Church, the first African-American Baptist church in Winston. On July 23, 1879, the congregation purchased the property on this corner from the United Brethren of Salem, dedicating a wooden . . . — — Map (db m172158) HM
On February 8, 1960, Carl Wesley Matthews began the city's sit-in demonstration alone at lunch counters near this site and was soon joined by students from Winston-Salem Teachers College, Atkins High School, and Wake Forest College. The nonviolent . . . — — Map (db m16905) HM
Five Row was community of African-American farmworkers and their families who worked at Reynolda, the estate of Katharine and R.J. Reynolds. First occupied in 1916, it began as two rows of five cottages and gardens that fronted an unpaved road along . . . — — Map (db m99309) HM
She used theatre to break area racial barriers. Flonnie Anderson formed the Community Players Guild (1952), the first Black community theatre troupe in the South. Later she expanded it to Flonnie Anderson Theatrical Association . . . — — Map (db m172160) HM
In 1922, the 14th Street School was built on this corner as a Colored Graded School. The four-story, Classical Revival style facility was located in the prominent African-American E. 14th Street neighborhood, and was soon expanded with a . . . — — Map (db m140223) HM
This was the home and brickyard of the nationally-known brickmaker George H. Black from 1934 until his death in 1980 at the age of 101. Black, the son of former slaves, came Winston-Salem as a child. He worked for the Hedgecock and Hime Brickyard, . . . — — Map (db m52674) HM
Happy Hill has played a prominent role in the life of Winston-Salem's African American community since the early years of the 19th century, when it was home to slaves on a farm serving the Moravian town of Salem. The first school for . . . — — Map (db m52814) HM
Many African Americans sought to have their own homes after Emancipation. Although in Salem white landowners sold a few lots to people of color, Moravian Church leaders, under pressure from residents who feared black encroachment, rejected . . . — — Map (db m172125) HM
The 1938 Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital was the first facility offering comprehensive medical care and professional medical education for African-Americans in Winston-Salem. Prompted by petitions to Mayor W.T. Wilson, William Neal Reynolds . . . — — Map (db m98990) HM
Archaeologists have located 28 of the graves in the original Parish Graveyard. Rebecca Hill was the last person buried in the Parish Graveyard, prior to the racial segregation of Salem cemeteries in 1816. Rebecca was born on January 23, 1772 and . . . — — Map (db m172104) HM
When George and Mary Catherine Hege move to the house at Lot 101 in 1851, they brought with them at least two enslaved African Americans, including Lewis, who had been born in 1840 at the Hege grist and saw mill outside of Salem. Lewis likely . . . — — Map (db m172101) HM
The congregation of Lloyd Presbyterian Church was formed in the 1870s as part of a national movement by Northern missionaries to establish African-American Presbyterian churches in the South. Lloyd Presbyterian Church's current building was . . . — — Map (db m51974) HM
The "5" Royales – Winston-Salem natives Lowman Pauling, Obadiah Carter, James Moore, Johnny Tanner, Otto Jeffries, and Jeffries' successor Eugene Tanner – climbed the R&B charts in the 1950s with songs written by Pauling, including the . . . — — Map (db m140221) HM
This award-winning poetry slam artist is known for telling powerful stories of human struggles and triumphs. She competed nationally and in the late 1990's captured a championship in the Southern Fried Regional Poetry Slam Festival.
Britton . . . — — Map (db m172162) HM
In 1890, New Bethel Baptist Church was organized by the Reverend George Holland, a minister from Danville, Virginia. The congregation first met in the Trade Street home of John Lee and his wife, Alice Snow Lee. The 25-member congregation later . . . — — Map (db m98783) HM
The Odd Fellows Cemetery is believed to have started in 1911 by the Twin City Lodge and the Winston Star Lodge, both African-American fraternal organizations. The Odd Fellows Cemetery is one of Winston-Salem's oldest African-American graveyards . . . — — Map (db m52623) HM
Phi Omega was established in 1924 as the first graduate chapter in North Carolina of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated, the nation's oldest African-American sorority. Members have built a legacy of "Service to All Mankind", including . . . — — Map (db m172156) HM
Pythian Hall was constructed at this site in 1902 in a prominent African-American community. The three-story brick building housed the Prince Hall Mason's and the Knights of Pythias on the second and third floors. These fraternal organizations . . . — — Map (db m98782) HM
The R.J.R. Factory 64 is one of the local sites where large labor strikes occurred. The first took place in 1943 after a factory worker died on the job. Several hundred female workers, primarily African-American, began an immediate strike that . . . — — Map (db m98776) HM
This exhibit represents the partial façade of the Reich-Hege house as it appeared in the mid-1800s. Built in 1830, the house stood until 1922. Archaeological excavations, written records, and photographic evidence have helped clarify the . . . — — Map (db m172102) HM
This is the cellar hole of the Reich-Hege house excavated by Old Salem Department of Archaeology in 2005-2006. Shoemaker Emanuel Reich built a house with a shop here on Lot 101 in 1830. The traditional German Moravian house form was built in frame . . . — — Map (db m172073) HM
In 1919, the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company built this neighborhood of bungalows to ease a housing shortage. Initially, a majority of the development was designated for Reynolds's white employees. The 1931 construction of Atkins High School for . . . — — Map (db m98988) HM
The Safe Bus Company was chartered in 1926, when several small "jitney" services merged their operations to better serve Winston-Salem's African-American citizens. With the motto "safety and service," Safe Bus Company eventually employed more than . . . — — Map (db m51971) HM
In October 1836, 18 formerly enslaved and 5 free
African Americans left Salem for Millsberg, Liberia.
Seventeen of these emigrants had been owned by
Friedrich Schumann, laboring on his plantation
here on the high ground south of Salem. In . . . — — Map (db m239158) HM
Silver Hill, a small, L-shaped 1880s African-American neighborhood of modest houses built by tobacco workers and domestic servants, predated the white subdivision of Buena Vista that developed around it. The community housed approximately 12 . . . — — Map (db m135918) HM
Founded Slater Academy, now Winston-Salem State Univ.; president, 1892-1904, 1913-34. Religious and community leader. Lived one block west. — — Map (db m52208) HM
The Atkins House was built by Simon Green Atkins in 1893. Atkins was responsible for the development of the Columbian Heights neighborhood and for the creation of Slater Industrial Academy, later Winston-Salem University. Dr. Atkins came to . . . — — Map (db m52735) HM
The only gravestone not removed during the 1913 landscaping was Squire's, which archaeologists discovered in place. Squire, an enslaved African American, was digging a well near the wool factory that was built for land owned by Moravian . . . — — Map (db m172105) HM
St. Philips Moravian Church is the only historic
African American Moravian church in the United
States. Christian outreach to enslaved people in and
around Salem was initiated by the Salem Female
Missionary Society. The “Negro Congregation” . . . — — Map (db m239161) HM
What began as the Parish Graveyard was extended westward to the street and designated in 1816 as the resting place for all African Americans, Moravian or not, who died in and around Salem. From that date forward, all Christian whites were then . . . — — Map (db m172103) HM
The Brothers' Spring, located down this slope, provided clean water, an important campsite, and a recreational park in the 18th and 19th centuries. On this hill in 1867, freedmen of the area and the Salem African Church (St. Phillips Moravian) . . . — — Map (db m136558) HM
Founder of Slater Academy
Now Winston-Salem State University;
President, 1892-1904; 1913-1934
Religious and Community Leader.
House Originally Located
Three Blocks West of Current Location — — Map (db m52739) HM
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