Toward the end of the 19th Century, the U.S. government decided that Native Americans should integrate into American culture and give up tribal sovereignty.
The Dawes Allotment Act forced Native Americans to register on what became known as . . . — — Map (db m212215) HM
Built in 1840's, acquired 1857 by Edward Asbury O'Neal. Occupied various times during Civil War by Federals and Confederates. Edward A. O'Neal (1818-1890) attended LaGrange College; lawyer, Colonel of the 26th Alabama Regiment, C. S. A.; appointed . . . — — Map (db m153224) HM
Serving 16 years as president of the American Farm Bureau Federation (1931-1947), Mr. O'Neal developed major New Deal farm policies in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration. — — Map (db m219327) HM
A 1953 graduate of West Point, Gen. Brown culminated a 36-year military career as Director of the Army Staff (1983-1987) and Vice-Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army (1987-1989). — — Map (db m219297) HM
McVay (1766~1851), South Carolina native, built a three room log house at head of Cox's Creek about 1818. Community later called Mars Hill. He was a member of Mississippi Territorial Legislature, delegate to convention of 1819 which framed . . . — — Map (db m35260) HM
Lawyer and statesman James T. Rapier, a son of free African-American parents in Florence, holds the distinction of being just the second African-American from Alabama to be elected, in 1873, to the U.S. Congress. — — Map (db m219173) HM
John McKinley (1780~1852), native of Virginia, prominent attorney, member of Cypress Land Company, built a large three story mansion near this site in 1820's which later burned. McKinley served in Alabama Legislature, U.S. Senate (1826~31); was . . . — — Map (db m28926) HM
First serving as a member of the U.S. Senate (1826-1830), John McKinley was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court by President Van Buren, becoming the first justice from Alabama. — — Map (db m219188) HM
Named for Alabama's first United States Supreme Court Justice, John McKinley made his home in Florence, Alabama from about 1821 to 1842. Born May 1, 1780 in Culpepper County, Virginia, he died July 19, 1852 and is buried in Louisville, Kentucky. . . . — — Map (db m28930) HM
In 1891, G.W. Goethals, in his role as supervisor of public works on the Tennessee River, reported directly to the Secretary of War. Later, he was Chief Engineer for the construction of the Panama Canal. — — Map (db m219307) HM
Representing the Secretary of Defense at the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks in the 1980's, Michael Mobbs was a leader in negotiations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., resulting in the most complex arms control treaty in history. — — Map (db m219178) HM
In 1928, Oscar S. DePriest, son of former slaves, became the first 20th Century African-American Congressman from the north. He is credited with the Anti-discrimination Amendment to the 1933 Civilian Conservation Corps Bill. — — Map (db m219190) HM
In his 14 years in the U.S. House of Representatives (1977-1991), Ronnie Flippo held such important posts as the chairmanship of the Space Science Subcommittee during the development of the space shuttle, Columbia. — — Map (db m219170) HM
This park, first designated as a Public Walk, was laid out as part of the original plans of Florence in 1818. On February 20, 1924, the Board of City Commissioners officially changed its name from City Park to Woodrow Wilson Park in honor of the . . . — — Map (db m35665) HM
Marker Front:
African~Americans played a very significant role in the early history of Courtland. Most came as slaves from the older southern states to help clear the land, to plant crops of cotton and corn, and to serve as household . . . — — Map (db m29009) HM
Born 11 June 1769, in Maryland and married 18 Nov 1797, Anne Royall became a wealthy widow upon her Revolutionary War Veteran husband's death in 1813. However, her husband's family filed an ultimately successful suit for his estate. While she waited . . . — — Map (db m84309) HM
Wyatt Cheatham (1769-1856) was one of the early settlers of Lawrence County and bought land near Wren in 1818. The Alabama Legislature on 14 Dec 1824 authorized him, "to open out and make a road leading from at or near the Gum Pond in said county to . . . — — Map (db m84310) HM
General Leroy Pope Walker was born 7 Feb 1817 in Madison County, Al., son of John W. Walker (1784~1823). John was House Speaker of the AL Territory, the first constitutional convention president, the first US AL senator, and namesake of Walker . . . — — Map (db m69669) HM
A scientist of national fame, Peters (1810-1888) lived for many years in Moulton with his wife Naomi (Leetch), a relative of President James K. Polk, who possibly visited here. A man of many talents, Peters was a noted linguist, early civil rights . . . — — Map (db m69670) HM
Lee County Courthouse
Lee County was created from portions of Russell, Macon, Chambers and Tallapoosa by act of the Alabama Legislature, approved December 5, 1866. The County’s first election was held January 21, 1867.
An early . . . — — Map (db m85171) HM
Wealthy and influential Virginia family settled here in 1820's. Daniel Coleman (1801-1857) built his stately home a block west about 1826. During the Civil War, home was occupied by Yankee troops who took Elizabeth Coleman's teeth for their gold . . . — — Map (db m85389) HM
A section of the fence that surrounded the 'Court House' grounds until 1916. When construction of the present building was planned, the fence was moved to the County Poor Farm on Elkton Rd. This section donated to the people of Limestone County by . . . — — Map (db m85390) HM
(Front):
This house was purchased by George S. Houston in 1845 and was his home until his death here on 31st December 1879. Houston served the people of Alabama in public office for thirty six years. His long and distinguished political . . . — — Map (db m85420) HM
D.L. Rosenau, Jr. graduated from local Greene University School as Valedictorian at age 15 and went on to become one of the youngest graduates of both Yale University and Stanford Law School. Following his return to Athens, Judge Rosenau was . . . — — Map (db m154200) HM
For more than a century, this bell rang in the Limestone County Courthouse to notify residents of the time of day and of momentous events. The Courthouse and surrounding Square have been the heart of this community since Limestone County's founding . . . — — Map (db m154199) HM
Born April 23, 1781 in Hanover Co. Virginia, married there to Martha Hargrave of a wealthy Quaker family. He served as U.S. Marshall and in other positions. Moved to Kentucky in 1808. Was a Captain in the War of 1812 and became a political and . . . — — Map (db m29284) HM
Side A (North side) In the fall of 1806 a group of settlers led by William and James Sims, traveled from east Tennessee on flatboats down the Tennessee River and up the Elk River to this area. They landed near Buck Island and spread out . . . — — Map (db m85454) HM
Post office contains original call boxes
Old tavern, 1817 used as stagecoach stop
Red Brick Methodist church 1817
U.S. Gen. James A Garfield was stationed here 1862
White frame church is more than a century old
Andrew Johnson was . . . — — Map (db m28154) HM
In the 1820s, Hayneville was known as "Big Swamp." In 1830, after being chosen as the county seat of Lowndes County, it was named Hayneville for Robert Y. Hayne, governor of South Carolina and a U.S. senator. The incorporation of Hayneville as a . . . — — Map (db m85459) HM
In 1957, local government officials in Tuskegee, Alabama sought to gerrymander the city's limits in an attempt to diminish the number of black votes in upcoming elections. Alabama state senator Sam Engelhardt sponsored Act 140, which transformed . . . — — Map (db m139876) HM
Front
Macon County was created by the Alabama Legislature on December 18, 1832 and formed out of land formerly belonging to the Creek Indians. The County was named for Nathaniel Macon, a Revolutionary War soldier and long-serving . . . — — Map (db m99677) HM
Charles Goode Gomillion (1900-1995) was born on April 1, 1900, in Johnston, South Carolina. He joined the faculty at Tuskegee University in 1928, where he served as dean of students and chair of the social sciences department. He was president of . . . — — Map (db m140006) HM
Side 1
Born in 1930 in Montgomery, Gray was among the foremost civil rights attorneys of the 20th century. Forced by segregation to leave Alabama to attend law school, he vowed to return and "destroy everything segregated I could find." . . . — — Map (db m101898) HM
The Tuskegee Civic Association, whose offices were located here, started out of The Men’s Meeting of the 1920s and the Tuskegee Men’s Club of the 1930s. On April 13, 1941, in order to increase its effectiveness and to embrace all segments of the . . . — — Map (db m139923) HM
In May 1838 soldiers, under the command of U.S. Army General Winfield Scott, began rounding up Cherokee Indians in this area who had refused to move to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. About 16,000 Cherokees were placed in stockades in Tennessee and . . . — — Map (db m33318) HM
Home of Virginia Clay Clopton (1825-1915)
Author and Social Leader who was known in Washington society as "The Belle of the Fifties"
Whose first husband, Clement Claiborne Clay (1817-1882), was United States Senator from Alabama (1853-1861) and . . . — — Map (db m134092) HM
Near here lived
John Williams Walker (1783-1823)
President of Alabama's First
Constitutional Convention 1819
and Alabama's first U.S. Senator
1819-1822. Walker County in northwest
Alabama, created 1823, was named in
his honor. Four . . . — — Map (db m154289) HM
Before statehood, the Alabama Territory had only limited rights of self government. Between July 5 and August 2, 1819, forty-four delegates from across the Territory convened in Huntsville to draft a constitution for statehood. Lawyers, merchants, . . . — — Map (db m26592) HM
On this site stood the Calhoun House, used as a Federal Courthouse, where desperado Frank James was tried and found not guilty, by jury trial, on April 25, 1884, for robbery of a government payroll near Muscle Shoals, Alabama, March 11, 1881. One of . . . — — Map (db m27771) HM
City was scene of these "firsts" in Alabama:
1811 first town incorporated
1812 first Masonic Lodge chartered
1816 first bank incorporated
1819 first state constitution drafted
1819 first Governor inaugurated
1819 first session of . . . — — Map (db m27843) HM
Made a county in 1808 by order of Governor of Mississippi Territory.
Area ceded 1805, 1806 by Cherokees, Chickasaws.
This was the first land in Alabama ceded by these great civilized tribes. — — Map (db m27848) HM
Here, on July 5, 1819 forty-four delegates from twenty-two Counties in the Alabama Territory met to frame a State Constitution which was accepted and signed August 2, 1819.
Convention leadership was furnished by two Huntsvillians, John Williams . . . — — Map (db m27902) HM
Here, President James Monroe was honored at a public dinner on June 2, 1819, while on a three-day visit to the Alabama Territory. Here, also, the First Alabama Legislature convened on October 25, 1819, while Huntsville was the first Capital. — — Map (db m27851) HM
Tallulah Bankhead 1902 - 1968. Alabama's Best-Known Actress.
Tallulah Bankhead was the toast of the London theatre in the 1920's, and nationally renowned for her dramatic roles in “The Little Foxes” (1939), “The Skin of Our . . . — — Map (db m27850) HM
This building is a replica of Madison's first city hall and is constructed on the original site of the Madison Depot, it was build in the late 1800's while Capt. John Buchanan Floyd, a Confederate veteran, was mayor.
"The Roundhouse" served as the . . . — — Map (db m103054) HM
Early in the 1800's gold was found from Virginia to Alabama including a rich belt on Cherokee Indian land in what is now Dahlonega, GA.
causing a huge influx of miners and a land grab by new settlers.
Pressure and greed from politicians led to . . . — — Map (db m85838) HM
This site was the farm of Gilbert G. White Jr., his wife Nancy L. White, and family from 1947 to 2005. Mr. White lived here until his death in 1978. Gilbert G. White Jr. was a descendant of John White, Speaker of the US House of Representatives . . . — — Map (db m44268) HM
Situated on historic White Bluff
overlooking the Tombigbee River,
Bluff Hall was built in 1832 by
slaves of Allen Glover for his
daughter, Sarah Serena, and her
husband, Francis Strother Lyon.
Lawyer and planter, F. S. Lyon, served in both . . . — — Map (db m37997) HM
Side 1
February 13, 1818 — Gin Port - west of Amory, MS on Tombigbee River
December 16, 1819 — Henry Grier House, near Columbus, MS - first designated courthouse
Late 1820-1822 — Military Ford Court - under . . . — — Map (db m96791) HM
Andrew N. Johnson, born 1865 in Marion, Alabama, graduated from Talladega College in 1886, and taught in rural Alabama. On this site in 1894, he established the Mobile Weekly Press, a voice for African-Americans, "A.N.", a powerful member of the . . . — — Map (db m111347) HM
C. First Johnson was an entrepreneur, pastor of St. Louis Street Baptist Church, and lecturer. Johnson ran for political office in the 1890's. He founded the Union Mutual Aid Association, Mobile's first black-owned insurance company. By 1911, his . . . — — Map (db m111317) HM
A postal worker, a community leader, a state legislator, a journalist, and a civil rights activist, Mobile native John L. LeFlore spent 50 years working to peacefully transform the character of the city and create opportunities to enhance citizens' . . . — — Map (db m111413) HM
After the NAACP was outlawed in 1956, LeFlore and the Non-Partisan Voters League took a more active role in civil rights in Mobile. LeFlore served as its director of casework. He was a plaintiff in Bolden vs. Mobile and the judgement changed . . . — — Map (db m86391) HM
Joseph (Joe) N. Langan devoted his life to helping others and championing noble causes. He provided wisdom as a city and stare leader and served courageously
as a U.S. Army officer during World War II and the Korean War. As a leading
advocate for . . . — — Map (db m111415) HM
Started in 1833 by James Roper on a Spanish land grant, “Oakleigh” was named for the magnificent oaks around it. The “T” shaped dwelling with elegant parlors and curved outside stairway from the brick terrace to front gallery . . . — — Map (db m85908) HM
"I want to take this occasion to say that the United States will never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest. She will devote herself to showing that she knows how to make honorable and fruitful use of the territory she has and she . . . — — Map (db m86381) HM
Native of Montreal, Canada, Naval Officer of France,
Governor of Louisiana
and Founder of the first Capital, Mobile, in 1711.
Born 1680 — Died 1768
——
With the Genius to create an Empire
and the Courage to maintain . . . — — Map (db m86732) HM
Vernon Crawford established the first African-American law firm in Mobile. He successfully argued the Birdie Mae Davis case that desegregated Mobile schools. He stood before the Supreme Court and won the landmark case of Bolden vs. the City of . . . — — Map (db m111319) HM
From 1799 to 1817, this portion of the United States fell.
within Mississippi Territory (from which the present-day states
of Mississippi and Alabama were created), and the area north
of Mobile consisted of two parts: Tombigbee District west . . . — — Map (db m149309) HM
Created in 1815 by proclamation of Governor of Mississippi Territory from lands ceded by Creek Indians in Treaty of Ft. Jackson, 1814.
Named for President James Monroe, fifth President of U.S.., 1817-25, who purchased Florida from Spain, . . . — — Map (db m47695) HM
During the westward expansion of the United States in the early 1800’s, those whose destination was the new Mississippi Territory took a right fork off the Federal Road which led to the Alabama River ferry at Claiborne. After the land cessions of . . . — — Map (db m47638) HM
This facility is dedicated to the memory of Senator Lister Hill who faithfully served his state and the nation for forty-five years as a member of the House of Representatives and the United States Senate. An Infantry Officer during World War I, . . . — — Map (db m79082) HM
To the memory of Albert L. Patterson, 1896-1954.
Soldier, educator, attorney, State Senator, Attorney General-Elect. An honorable life dedicated to his fellow man and to the cause of good government. Shot down by an assassin's bullet June 18, . . . — — Map (db m221983) HM
1868-1869: Senate: Benjamin F. Royal, Bullock; House: Benjamin Alexander, Greene; James H. Alston, Macon; Samuel Blandon, Lee; John Carraway, Mobile; George Cox, Montgomery; Thomas H. Diggs, . . . — — Map (db m91290) HM
The Alabama Legislature approved a bill sponsored by Rep. T.E. Martin of Montgomery County in 1927 that designated the Goldenrod the official state flower. It became law on Sept. 6, 1927, the same day that the Yellowhammer became the official . . . — — Map (db m86066) HM
A native of Opelika, Alabama, he is the son of Clement C. Torbert and Lynda Meadows Torbert. He was educated in the Opelika public schools. He attended the United States Naval Academy and received his B.S. Degree from Auburn University in 1951. He . . . — — Map (db m86073) HM
Born in Montgomery, Alabama, he is the son of Ernest Arnold Hornsby and Kate Clayton Hornsby. A 1955 graduate of Tallassee High School, he received his B.A. Degree from Auburn University and his Juris Doctor Degree from the University of Alabama . . . — — Map (db m69338) HM
Designated Executive Residence by the
Provisional Confederate Congress
February 21, 1861. President Jefferson Davis
and his family lived here until the Confederate
Capital moved to Richmond summer 1861.
Built by William Sayre 1832-35 at Bibb . . . — — Map (db m7581) HM
Side 1
Born in 1930 in Montgomery, Gray was among the foremost civil rights attorneys of the 20th century. Forced by segregation to leave Alabama to attend law school, he vowed to return and "destroy everything segregated I could find." . . . — — Map (db m80842) HM
Thomas Goode Jones, governor of Alabama from 1890-1894, occupied this house during his long political career which took him from the Montgomery City Council to a federal judgeship. During his two terms as governor, his home was the Executive Mansion . . . — — Map (db m36585) HM
Residence of Civil War Governor John Gill Shorter, 1861-63. A strong supporter of Confederacy, Shorter built up defenses of state during war. Growing "Peace Movement" led to his defeat for re-election 1863.
House acquired by Jacob Greil 1878. . . . — — Map (db m74386) HM
(Side 1)
Governor William Calvin Oates
Born in Pike County into a poor Alabama family in 1835, Oates practiced law in Abbeville when the War began. Elected Captain of the "Henry Pioneers," Co. G, 15th Alabama Infantry. He saw . . . — — Map (db m86116) HM
Great Depression
The U.S. economy collapsed in late 1929, triggering a
national crisis. Alabama's rural residents had weathered
hardship for decades. Now urban workers and professionals
also faced economic ruin. Businesses closed, factories . . . — — Map (db m182629) HM
A graduate of West Point Military Academy, he served the United States as Colonel of Mississippi Volunteers, Mexican War; member of House of Representatives, Senator, and as Secretary of War. Inaugurated President of the provisional government, . . . — — Map (db m155530) HM
Side A Jonathan Coggswell Farley 1798-1864Farley acquired two lots on this site in 1817. Here he built both the town's first frame store and first frame two-story building, his house. In Farley's store, an election was held January 3, 1820 . . . — — Map (db m86124) HM
Following two attempted marches from Selma in 1965
civil rights leaders turned to the federal courts for legal
protection prior to the Selma To Montgomery March.
Federal District Court Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr.,
appointed by President . . . — — Map (db m91321) HM
A native of Troy, Lucien Dunbibben Gardner graduated with a Bachelor of Science Degree, from the State Normal School at Troy in 1894. He earned his Bachelor of Arts Degree from The University of Alabama and graduated from the Law Department in 1897. . . . — — Map (db m69333) HM
(Front)Built 1936-37 Following a fire in 1932 that destroyed a 19th century City Hall, architect Frank Lockwood designed a replacement for the same site. With the Depression affecting all construction projects during the period, the . . . — — Map (db m36571) HM
Populism
Through the 1870s and 1880s, depressed cotton prices
brought suffering and hardship for hundreds of thousands
of farm families, black and white. In the 1890s, a coalition
of small farmers and industrial laborers challenged . . . — — Map (db m182616) HM
Only surviving residence of former Mayor E.B. Joseph. The Italianate cottage was built c. 1855 by Pickett Chauncey Smith, a merchant in antebellum Montgomery, and father-in-law of E.B. Joseph, who occupied the house from 1880 to 1885. Joseph served . . . — — Map (db m86426) HM
Here were located the first offices of the Confederate government from Feb. 22, 1861 to May 21, 1861.
Secondary marker:
This historic marker relocated on this original site by Preceptor Delta Chapter, Beta Sigma . . . — — Map (db m104718) HM
Side 1
Named in honor of Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. (1918-1999), who served here as U.S. District Judge from 1955-1979, as U.S. Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit July 12, 1979 - October 1, 1981, and . . . — — Map (db m71266) HM
On Thursday, March 25, 1965, the Selma to Montgomery
marchers left St. Jude and continued through the streets
of Montgomery, the crowd swelling in numbers as they
approached Court Square. By the time they reached
Dexter Avenue, a crowd of more . . . — — Map (db m91322) HM
In the house just north
William Lowndes
Yancey
Statesman, Orator, Secessionist,
Confederate Diplomatic
Commissioner
Died July 28, 1863 — — Map (db m71364) HM
Created by Mississippi Territorial Legislature from lands ceded by Creek Indian Nation in Treaty of Fort Jackson, 1814. Named for Major Lemuel Purnell Montgomery, killed at Horseshoe Bend, 1814, while leading charge on Indian fortifications. . . . — — Map (db m36579) HM
This was the site of the home of Warren Stone Reese (1842-1898) --planter, cotton merchant, soldier, and mayor of Montgomery.
Reese, promoted to the rank of colonel in the Confederacy for gallantry at Chickamauga, became commander of the . . . — — Map (db m81807) HM
For almost the first century of statehood, Alabama's governors lived in private homes or hotels while in office. In 1911 the state acquired the Moses Sable home on South Perry Street for the governor's residence. Lined with fine houses, Perry was . . . — — Map (db m25413) HM
1936 Olympic Silver Medalist
Morgan County native David Donald Albritton competed at the XI Olympics in Berlin, Germany and became the first Alabama native to win an Olympic track and field medal. During Olympic Trials on July 11, 1936 at . . . — — Map (db m160716) HM
Built circa 1837 with special taxes levied for that purpose by Alabama Legislature, 1836.
Replaced first court house, built circa 1825.
Somerville was incorporated, 1819, county seat 1819-1891. Cotaco County created February 8, 1818, renamed . . . — — Map (db m27758) HM
Somerville was incorporated in 1819, the same year in which Alabama became the 22nd state in the Union. It was the county seat of Morgan County from 1819 until 1891. Somerville was named after Lt. Robert Summerville (the spelling was later . . . — — Map (db m130416) HM
Named in honor of George Noonan Downer, Sr. who rendered exemplary community service for more than 50 years. Gov. John Patterson was dedicatory speaker on Nov. 7, 1961. Mr. Downer was born at Cooksville, Miss., July 31, 1888. Served 30 years as . . . — — Map (db m92648) HM
Former home of John Herbert Kelly, brigadier general, C.S. Army, born in Carrollton, March 31, 1840. Appointed to West Point at age 17, resigned a few months before graduation. Fought at Shiloh, Perryville, Murfreesboro and Chickamauga. Mortally . . . — — Map (db m37447) HM
Born in Henderson, Alabama in 1850, Fletcher Jackson Cowart began his working career as a public school teacher. He later served superintendencies for both the Pike County and the Troy City schools. He was editor of the Troy Messenger and a . . . — — Map (db m38934) HM
An opponent of secession, he fled north in 1862. Returning after the Civil War, he was elected first governor under the Constitution of 1868 and served one two-year term. He was one of three Republican governors. — — Map (db m19015) HM
Nimrod Washington Long moved to Alabama from Georgia in the 1830s. A planter, mill owner and state legislator, he had real estate and railroad interests in Russell County. This house was the plantation home of Nimrod Washington Long in Spring Hill, . . . — — Map (db m69433) HM
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