Historical Markers and War Memorials in Downtown, Virginia

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Historical Markers and War Memorials in Downtown, Virginia

1 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Circle of Life — Cradle to Grave Experience — Old North Hampton —

Old North Hampton life began with birth at the hands of midwives, including Nettie Washington and Rosa Callis Brown. Mrs. Brown lived at 868 North King Street (now 916 Quash Street). Children attended nursery schools run by concerned mentors, such . . . — — Map (db m151395) HM

2 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Community Crossroads — The Heart of the Neighborhood — Old North Hampton —

The intersection of Quash (then known as North King Street) and Rip Rap Road pulsed with activity and was the centerpiece of the Old North Hampton community. On this corner Solomon Chandler built a grocery store in 1924. At the time there were no . . . — — Map (db m151390) HM

3 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Crabtown — Seafood — Explore Hampton 2010: From the Sea to the Stars —

Welcome to Crabtown. Although all sorts of seafood were harvested and purveyed, "Crabtown" was the unofficial name by which many lovers of the "beautiful swimmer," the Chesapeake Bay bluecrab, have known Hampton for more than a . . . — — Map (db m166499) HM

4 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — W-173 — Dorothy Johnson Vaughan — (1910-2008) —

Dorothy Vaughan, mathematician, graduated from Wilberforce University and was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. During World War Il she left her job as a teacher to work for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), later . . . — — Map (db m199849) HM

5 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Elizabeth City Parish —

First visited by Englishmen May 10, 1607. Fortified at Old Point by Captain George Percy, October, 1609. Settled by Lord De La Warr, July, 1610; Reinforced by Sir Thomas Dale, May, 1611; The Rev. William Mease being the first minister. . . . — — Map (db m33862) HM

6 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — F.W. Woolworth Co. Building —

In 1960, this building was the F.W. Woolworth Co.’s 5 & 10 cent store and had a "whites only" lunch counter. On February 10, 1960, African-American college students from Hampton Institute sat at the lunch counter in an act of civil disobedience. . . . — — Map (db m218321) HM

7 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — First Baptist Church — First Independent Black Congregation in Hampton — Explore Hampton 2010: From the Sea to the Stars —

Before the Civil War, Southern churches were internally segregated, and African Americans worshiped from balconies. Blacks were not permitted to have their own places of worship in many areas. This changed dramatically during and after the war, . . . — — Map (db m166511) HM

8 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — WY-90 — First Church at Kecoughtan —

Near here on the church creek stood the first church at Kecoughtan (later Hampton). Built on the Parish Glebe Farm about 1616, as the first church of the oldest continuous settlement of English origin in America, William Mease was the first known . . . — — Map (db m33903) HM

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9 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — First United Methodist Church, Hampton —

Organized as a society in 1789, First United Methodist Church is the mother of Methodism in the lower peninsula. Bishop Francis Asbury visited the congregation April 14, 1800, and March 5, 1812. Originally located about one block north on Wine . . . — — Map (db m166515) HM

10 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Founders And Patriots Buried In This Cemetery —

Virginia Founders Wilson, William, born VA 1646, died 1713 • Wilson, Willis, born VA 1670, died 1701 • Wilson, Miles, born VA 1673, died 1701 Revolutionary War Patriots Brown, Benjamin 1766-1806 • Jennings, Charles 1749-1816 • . . . — — Map (db m166542) HM WM

11 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Hampton Baptist Church —

In 1791 Grafton Baptist Church, in York County, founded a mission in Hampton, Hampton Baptist Church, which called its first pastor, Richard Hurst, in 1806. After the War of 1812, the church began to grow so that it had 185 members by 1837. During . . . — — Map (db m33925) HM

12 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Hampton Confederate Monument —

(front) 1861-1865 Our Confderate Dead (rear) Erected by Hampton Chapter, No.19 Daughters of the Confederacy Unveiled Oct. 29, 1901 — — Map (db m33872) WM

13 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Hampton Courthouse — “Roofless and Thoroughly Gutted” —

“The courthouse, roofless and thoroughly gutted. … [Its] chimney served oar cooks well in getting supper. The Telegraph tent was soon up and the operator at work on the newly strung wire to Fort Monroe.” – Pvt. Robert Knox . . . — — Map (db m33853) HM

14 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Hampton Is Burned — "… a bright light over by the bay." — Reported permanently removed

When Capt. Jefferson C. Phillips’s Confederate troops set the town of Hampton on fire on the evening of August 7, 1861, a house that stood on this King Street site was one of the many structures destroyed. Archaeology tells the story of its . . . — — Map (db m219102) HM

15 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Hampton USOs — "Home away from Home" — Explore Hampton 2010: From the Sea to the Stars —

During World War II, while in training for the Army, Navy, or Army Air Corps, both men and women found a "home away from home" at two locations in Hampton, one for whites and another for African Americans. These USO (United Service . . . — — Map (db m166540) HM

16 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Hannah Nicholson Tunnell —

At early dawn apprised the Confederates of the approach of the enemy Bethel June 10, 1861 — — Map (db m184345) HM

17 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — W-87 — Historic Hampton —

The Native American village of Kecoughtan stood across the Hampton River in 1607. Soon after the English forcibly removed the inhabitants in 1610, the colonists settled there and the village grew. By the early eighteenth century, the royal . . . — — Map (db m33890) HM

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18 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Historic St. John's Episcopal Church —

Oldest continuous Protestant church in North America. Parish founded in 1610. Church (fourth site) completed 1728. — — Map (db m166508) HM

19 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — J.S. Darling & Son — Industrious New Yorker — Explore Hampton 2010: From the Sea to the Stars —

Just off the mouth of Hampton River is an extensive shoal known as Hampton Bar. There, a major industry that helped rebuild Hampton after the Civil War was literally spawned. James Sands Darling, an industrious New Yorker who arrived to make his . . . — — Map (db m166500) HM

20 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — John Mallory Phillips — 1920-1988 — Old North Hampton —

John Mallory Phillips was a businessman, politician, resident and friend of Old North Hampton. He lived most of his life at 904 North King Street, now Quash Street, and was known by friends and neighbors as simply John Mallory. John graduated . . . — — Map (db m151394) HM

21 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — W-175 — Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson — (1918-2020) —

Katherine Johnson, mathematician, graduated from West Virginia State College and was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. She was a teacher before the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (later NASA) hired her in 1953 to work in the . . . — — Map (db m199789) HM

22 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — King and Queen Streets — The "Cross-Streets" — Explore Hampton 2010: From the Sea to the Stars —

A "sleepy village" before the Civil War and a charred ruin after it was set afire, Hampton slowly recovered. Thanks to oysters, crabs, hotels, saloons, and the military, prosperity began to appear at these cross-streets again. By the . . . — — Map (db m166523) HM

23 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — WY-96 — Langley Field: Creating an Air Force —

In Dec. 1916, the U.S. Army purchased land four miles north of here to build an airfield to use jointly with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. During World War I, the Army trained aircrews and tested aircraft there. In 1921, Brig. . . . — — Map (db m33842) HM

24 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — W-88 — Little England —

In 1634, Capps Point, later known as Little England, was patented by William Capps, a prominent planter who maintained a lucrative saltworks. He served as a burgess in the 1619 General Assembly, the first representative legislative body in the New . . . — — Map (db m33900) HM

25 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — WY-95 — Little England Chapel —

Little England Chapel, originally known as the Ocean Cottage Sunday School, was built about 1879 on property provided by Daniel F. Cock. Hampton Institute students regularly offered Sunday school lessons here to the African American Newtown . . . — — Map (db m33901) HM

26 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Little England Chapel and Newtown — African-American Missionary Chapel — Explore Hampton 2010: From the Sea to the Stars —

Little England Chapel, the only extant African-American missionary chapel in Virginia at the time of its selection as a state historic landmark in 1982, had its beginning in about 1878, when George C. Rowe began Sunday school classes in his home . . . — — Map (db m166479) HM

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27 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — W-174 — Mary Winston Jackson — (1921-2005) —

Mary Jackson, aerospace engineer, was born in Hampton and graduated from Hampton Institute in 1942. The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (later NASA), hired her in 1951 to be a "human computer" in the segregated West Area Computing Unit . . . — — Map (db m199792) HM

28 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — McDowell's Inn —

On this site in 1726 John McDowell, who appraised estates and witnessed wills in Elizabeth City County, owned and operated an inn. It was bought by Dr. John Brodie in 1765. British Marine Captain Brown was treated here and died from wounds received . . . — — Map (db m33924) HM

29 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Old North Hampton — Self-sustaining and Self-contained — Old North Hampton —

Old North Hampton was first identified in the census of 1850 and is the second oldest African American community in Hampton. The community of North Hampton was established by people formerly enslaved, many of whom were Contraband Slaves or their . . . — — Map (db m151392) HM

30 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Searching for Slabtown — Unearthing Hampton's Grand Contraband Camp —

What are we doing here? The City of Hampton contracted with the James River Institute for Archaeology, Inc. (JRIA) to complete a preliminary archaeological investigation to determine whether there is surviving evidence of the . . . — — Map (db m166502) HM

31 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Serio Boat Yard — Vincent Joseph Serio, Sr. — Explore Hampton 2010: From the Sea to the Stars —

Vincent Joseph Serio, Sr. was born October 7, 1896, the thirteenth and youngest child of Filippo, a merchant seaman, and Bartola Serio. The family emigrated from Cefalu, Sicily, through Ellis Island to the United States in 1901, settling in . . . — — Map (db m166512) HM

32 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — St. John’s Church — The Venerable Survivor — Reported permanently removed

When Confederate Gen. John B. Magruder learned that the Federals intended to house troops and escaped slaves in Hampton, he burned down the town. Local soldiers, led by Capt. Jefferson C. Phillips, completed this “loathsome yet patriotic . . . — — Map (db m33847) HM

33 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — St. John’s Church —

This memorial was erected in 1901 in memory of local Confederate soldiers by the Hampton Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy with permission of St. John's Church. While some soldiers are buried in our cemetery, many of the dead . . . — — Map (db m184375) HM

34 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — St. John's Church — Hampton, Virginia —

The oldest Anglican parish in continuous existence in America. Established in 1610, this is the fourth church built in the parish. It was erected in 1728 in the shape of a Latin cross. Its walls are two feet thick. The bricks are laid in Flemish . . . — — Map (db m33858) HM

35 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — St. John's Church — Hampton, VA. —

[Drawing of the grounds with the following description given:] Location of the old wall through excavations under supervision of Paul Hudson and Anne Garland — — Map (db m166546) HM

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36 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — St. John's Church — The Venerable Survivor —

Henry Cary, Jr. built St. John's Church, the oldest building in Hampton, in 1728. It is the fourth such structure to serve Elizabeth City Parish, established in 1610, and is America's oldest active parish in the Anglican Communion. St. . . . — — Map (db m166559) HM

37 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Syms-Eaton Academy — "A free school to educate and teach the children." — Explore Hampton 2010: From the Sea to the Stars —

One of the first free public schools in America was located in what is now a wooded acre north of Tabbs Creek near the boundary of Langley Air Force Base and NASA Archaeologists have unearthed a number of artifacts including . . . — — Map (db m166513) HM

38 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — The Courthouse —

The first Courthouse served Elizabeth City County (one of eight counties established in 1634) and Hampton, the county set. It was probably near the second church site of Elizabeth City Parish now the property of Hampton University. Court buildings . . . — — Map (db m33857) HM

39 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — The Historic Post Office —

Built in 1914, this building served as the largest post office in Hampton until 1986. It was renovated into a wedding and event venue in 2016. This property has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States . . . — — Map (db m166514) HM

40 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — The Magnolia Tree Inn —

On this site prior to 1884 James Sands Darling built his Victorian home which survived the destructive fire of that year. The home was occupied by his daughter, Grace Darling Cumming, and her family until 1923. It later became the Magnolia Tree Inn . . . — — Map (db m33922) HM

41 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — The Masonic Temple —

St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. & A.M. was organized in Hampton under a charter granted by the Grand Lodge of England, February 26, 1759. This Temple was erected in 1888. The unusual medallions on the north face represent Masonic symbols. When the . . . — — Map (db m166516) HM

42 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — The Northeast Corner —

On this corner in the 1750's was a large brick house owned by Captain Alexander Hamilton. John Paul, who owned and ran an ordinary during the Revolutionary War, sold the fifteen corner feet of the one-half acre lot to Thomas Latimer, Jr. It was . . . — — Map (db m33919) HM

43 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — The Sclater Building —

The oldest surviving commercial structure in Old Hampton was built by William S. Sclater following the War Between the States. The lot is part of an original one-half acre on which, by the 1750's, was a large brick house belonging to a Captain . . . — — Map (db m33920) HM

44 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — The Southeast Corner —

This site was originally owned by Thomas Curle, cordwinder (shoemaker). In 1775 Richard Barron owned the property, selling it later to John Banks, blacksmith. In 1820 Thomas A.B. Jones owned the "Corner Store" here. A portion of this land was owned . . . — — Map (db m166518) HM

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45 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — The Southwest Corner —

This site has been a "merchants" corner from the earliest records. William Marshall, a sailor and the first owner, was murdered by sailors in 1689. John Smith, a blacksmith, acquired the property, selling a portion to John McDowell for his inn. . . . — — Map (db m166525) HM

46 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Third Church at Kecoughtan — Notable Burials in the Churchyard —

You are standing within the foundations of the third church at Kecoughtan (present-day Hampton). The first church (1616–1624) was located 1.5 miles south of here and the second one was constructed across the Hampton River about two miles east. . . . — — Map (db m33899) HM

47 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — WY-88 — Third Elizabeth City Parish Church —

Here is the site of "The New Church of Kecoughtan", built before 1667 on Pembroke Farm as the third church of Elizabeth City Parish, established in 1610. It was a frame building and its brick foundation and some early colonial tombstones remain. . . . — — Map (db m33895) HM

48 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — Virginia Laydon — The First Surviving Child Born in Virginia to English Parents —

We Remember Virginia Laydon The First Surviving Child Born in Virginia to English Parents Member of this Parish Virginia Laydon was born about 1609, the first child of Anne Burras Laydon and John Layton. Anne Burras, age . . . — — Map (db m33871) HM

49 ► Virginia, Hampton, Downtown — War of 1812 Veterans Interred or Memorialized in this Historic Cemetery —

Private Thomas Bradley 1774-1826 • Sergeant Major Mark L. Chevers 1795-1875 • Sergeant William Face 1770-1855 • Lieutenant James M. Glassell 1790-1838 • First Sergeant Timothy Green 1782-1847 • Private Richard S. Hicks 1793-1868 • . . . — — Map (db m166543) HM WM

50 ► Virginia, Montgomery County, Blacksburg, Downtown — Five Chimneys — 1852 —

The Five Chimneys House was built in 1852, but the Queen Anne porch that is so distinctive was added 30 to 50 years later. The home underwent numerous renovations in the 1930s when A.G. Smith, a professor in the Virginia Tech Horticulture . . . — — Map (db m228180) HM

51 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — KV-37 — AKA Iota Omega —

On 1 Dec. 1922, lota Omega became the first graduate chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority,Inc., chartered in Hampton Roads. Wanser Bagnall, Evelyn Lightner, and Helen Lawrence had met earlier at First Baptist Church-Bute Street and invited seven . . . — — Map (db m214445) HM

52 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — KN-3 — Bank Street Baptist Church —

The Bank Street Baptist Church was built on this site in 1802 as a Presbyterian church. In 1840 it was purchased by a group of free blacks to serve them as a Baptist church. Because it had one of the first church bells in Norfolk, the building was . . . — — Map (db m3323) HM

53 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — KV-8 — Col. Samuel Leroy Slover — (1873-1959) —

Tennessee native Samuel L. Slover established himself in Norfolk in 1905 as co-owner of the Public Ledger, a local newspaper. He later controlled six of Virginia’s most influential newspapers, Including the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, . . . — — Map (db m129624) HM

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54 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Commercial Place —

When a survey was done in 1680 to lay out the town of Norfolk, one of the few streets shown was “the street that leadeth to the water side.” The original location was just to the west of this site. It fanned out from Front (now Main) . . . — — Map (db m21041) HM

55 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — East Main Street —

The portion of East Main Street between Commercial Place and Church Street (now St. Paul’s Boulevard) was notorious with servicemen all over the world until well after World War II. The district was home to taverns such as the Krazy Kat and Red . . . — — Map (db m123808) HM

56 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Epworth United Methodist Church, 1894 —

This 1894 Richardsonian Romanesque granite and sandstone church was designed by Norfolk architects James E. R. Carpenter and John V. Peebles. It was built to accommodate the growing congregation of the 1850 Granby Street Methodist Church at the . . . — — Map (db m3372) HM

57 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — First Baptist Church —

First Baptist Church Norfolk Virginia has been registered as a Virginia Historic Landmark pursuant to the authority vested in the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission act of 1966 This property has been placed on the National Register . . . — — Map (db m203411) HM

58 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — First Baptist Church, Bute Street — Cannonball Trail —

Norfolk's first Baptist congregation was established around 1800 as an interracial body of whites, free blacks and slaves. Most of the white congregation split off in 1817. The remaining, primarily black, congregation moved in 1830 to an old . . . — — Map (db m203409) HM

59 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Flood Protection for Downtown Norfolk —

Tidal flooding from hurricanes and northeasters has always been a part of Norfolk’s relationship with the sea. In 1693, the Royal Society of London reported that “there happened a most violent storm in Virginia, which stopped the course of . . . — — Map (db m3374) HM

60 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Four Farthing or Town Point —

Here at a cedar tree was the western limit of the fifty acres constituting the original town of Norfolk. The land was bought in 1682 as a port for lower Norfolk County from Nicholas Wise, Jr. for “tenn thousand pounds of tobacco and . . . — — Map (db m21183) HM

61 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Francis Drake, Free Black Barber —

Francis Drake, a slave barber, was the first black to gain his freedom in post-Revolutionary War Norfolk after a 1782 Act of the Virginia General Assembly authorized “any person...to emancipate and set free, his or her slaves.” Drake was . . . — — Map (db m129584) HM

62 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Freemason Street Baptist Church —

In May 1848 former members of the Cumberland Street Baptist Church organized to become the Freemason Street Baptist Church. A new church building was begun that year and completed and dedicated in May 1850. The Reverend Tiberius Gracchus Jones, a . . . — — Map (db m48251) HM

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63 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Governor Tazewell —

Here stood the residence of Littleton Waller Tazewell, attorney, Virginia legislator, U.S. Congressman and Senator, and Governor of Virginia. The Williamsburg native came to Norfolk in 1802 to practice commercial and maritime law and was widely . . . — — Map (db m35089) HM

64 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Granby Street —

Granby Street was named in 1769 to honor Englishman John Manners (1721 – 1770), Marquess of Granby. The original street ran three blocks from Bute Street south to Town Back Creek, a semi-navigable stretch of marshland running . . . — — Map (db m21185) HM

65 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Half Moone Fort, 1673 —

Hostilities between the British and the Dutch continued for a number of years after the British took New Amsterdam in 1664 and established the colony of New York. The effects were felt in Hampton Roads where Dutch ships destroyed a fleet of tobacco . . . — — Map (db m21212) HM

66 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Littleton Waller Tazewell —

. . . — — Map (db m192608) HM

67 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Main Street —

In his 1680 survey of the site that was to become the Town of Norfolk, Lower Norfolk County surveyor John Ferebee laid out the principal street along a ridge of high land extending from Foure Farthing Pointe (Town Point Park) to Dun-in-the-Mire . . . — — Map (db m48245) HM

68 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Margaret Douglass —

"I told the judge to do his duty and put me in prison at once, if he chose, for I would ask no favors at the hands of any man." Margaret Douglass Margaret Douglass, a white woman from Charleston, South Carolina, moved to Norfolk . . . — — Map (db m48239) HM

69 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Monticello Hotel, 1898 —

The Monticello Hotel, which opened at the corner of City Hall Avenue and Granby Street on September 27, 1898, was the largest and finest hotel in Norfolk for over 60 years. The hotel was built on filled land. By 1885 Town Back Creek had been filled . . . — — Map (db m48238) HM

70 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Moses Myers House, 1792 —

Moses Myers (1753-1835) was a shipping merchant who came to Norfolk in 1787 from New York. He acquired this site in September 1791 and built his distinguished Federal town house in 1792. It was one of the early brick buildings to be constructed in . . . — — Map (db m35092) HM

71 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Norfolk College for Young Ladies —

On this site was the Norfolk College for Young Ladies, which was chartered on February 20, 1880 with Capt. John L. Roper as President of the Board. The school was designed by James H Calrow, one of Norfolk's leading architects at the time. It opened . . . — — Map (db m71671) HM

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72 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Northern Limit of Old Norfolk —

This marks the Northern limit of the fifty acres constituting the original town of Norfolk. It was bounded on the North by Town Back Creek and Dun-In-The-Mire Creek. The land was purchased as a port for lower Norfolk county for “tenn thousand pounds . . . — — Map (db m3367) HM

73 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Old City Hall and Courthouse, 1850 —

When Norfolk became an independent city in 1845, space was needed to accommodate municipal functions. The Classic Revival building was begun in 1847 and completed in 1850 as Norfolk's city Hall and Courthouse. The architect was William Singleton, a . . . — — Map (db m35158) HM

74 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — St. John’s African Methodist Episcopal Church —

St. John’s African Methodist Episcopal Church has been registered as a Virginia Historic Landmark pursuant to the authority vested in the Virginia Historic Landmarks Board Act 1966. This property has been entered in the national Register . . . — — Map (db m203412) HM

75 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — St. Joseph’s Catholic Church & School —

St. Joseph’s Parrish was established for Norfolk’s African Americans by the Josephite Order in September 1889, with a place of worship and a school for students from elementary grades through high school. In May 1893, a two-story brick building was . . . — — Map (db m129619) HM

76 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — St. Paul’s Church, 1739 —

In 1641 a “chapel of ease” was built here where St. Paul’s Church is now. The 1680 survey of the new town designated this site for a church and burying ground. Many of the founders of Norfolk are buried here. When Norfolk became a . . . — — Map (db m3371) HM

77 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — The Cannonball Trail —

Follow the Cannonball Trail through 400 years of Norfolk and American history. The Trail winds along the shoreline of the Elizabeth River and through the districts of downtown Norfolk. Walk the cobbled streets of West Freemason - the earliest . . . — — Map (db m136358) HM

78 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — The Cedar —

A cedar tree near this location, then known as Foure Farthing Pointe, was described in the original patent defining the western boundary of the 50 acres that comprised Norfolk Town. In August 1680 John Ferebee, surveyor for Lower Norfolk County, was . . . — — Map (db m3409) HM

79 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — The Customhouse, 1859 —

Construction of this customhouse began in 1852 and was completed in 1859, replacing an 1819 customhouse located at Water and Church Streets (now Waterside Drive and St. Paul’s Boulevard). This building was designed by Ammi B. Young . . . — — Map (db m21184) HM

80 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — The First Battle of Ironclad Ships, 1862 —

On March 8, 1862 CSS Virginia steamed past this point (1) to a battle which would forever change naval warfare. This ship had previously been a Union steam frigate, USS Merrimack, which had been destroyed near the Gosport Navy Yard . . . — — Map (db m200157) HM

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81 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Town Back Creek and Stone Bridge —

Town Back Creek, extending eastwardly from the Elizabeth River almost to St. Paul’s Church, was the northern end of the original town of Norfolk. By the early 1800’s new residential development had occurred north of the creek. Two early . . . — — Map (db m21225) HM

82 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Tripoli Street —

Monticello Avenue, South of Market Street, was formerly Tripoli Street. It was named in honour of Commodore Stephen Decatur's victory over the Barbary Pirates, after he had requested that his own name should not be used. — — Map (db m3370) HM

83 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Whitehead House, 1791 —

Patrick Parker, a wealthy merchant, built a Georgian style home here in 1791. Later occupants of the house included Hugh Blair Grigsby and John Boswell Whitehead, sons of Elizabeth McPherson. Elizabeth's first husband was the Reverend Benjamin . . . — — Map (db m35094) HM

84 ► Virginia, Norfolk, Downtown — Willoughby-Baylor House, 1794 —

This site was in the original Crown grant of 200 acres to Colonel Thomas Willoughby in 1636. Located on Freemason Street, so called because the Norfolk Royal Exchange Lodge of Masons erected the "Mason's Hall" on this site in 1764 as America's first . . . — — Map (db m64974) HM

85 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — 1936 F-20 McCormick Deering Farmall Tractor —

• Engine: I4 cylinder generating approx 20 hp at 1,200 rpm • Transmission: manual 4-speed sliding gears • Weight: 4,400 lbs. • Speed: 27.2 mph • Tire sizes: Front - 25 inches; Back - 40 inches • . . . — — Map (db m172299) HM

86 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — 1952 Squad Wagon —

Custom built by the Oren Roanoke Corp., Roanoke, VA for the Roanoke Fire Dept. — — Map (db m172296) HM

87 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — 412 Jefferson St., SE — c. 1912 —

Commercial building designed by H H Huggins. Once occupied by S&W Cafeteria. Men's clothing firm since 1964. — — Map (db m208734) HM

88 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Amoco Oil ARA III Tank Car AMOX #9465 —

Manufactured: 1919 Capacity: 10,027 gallons Top manway Unloading: Bottom outlet

American Railroad Association (ARA) Class III tank car AMOX #9465 was used by the American Oil Company . . . — — Map (db m172267) HM

89 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Boxley Building — National Register of Historic Places —

The United States Department of Interior has placed this property on the National Register of Historic Places — — Map (db m134662) HM

90 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Celanese Porter Fireless #1 —

Manufacturer: H.K. Porter Company, 1943 Length: 22 feet Weight: 70,000 pounds (lbs.) Construction Number: 7378 Boiler Pressure: 15 pounds per square inch (psi) Cylinders: 20 inches × 18 inches . . . — — Map (db m172261) HM

91 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Chesapeake Western ALCO T-6 Diesel-Electric #10 —

Manufacturer: American Locomotive Company (ALCO), 1959 Power: Diesel-electric Horsepower: 1,000 Cylinders: Straight 6 Length: 45 feet 8 inches Weight: 239,950 pounds (lbs.) Tractive Effort: . . . — — Map (db m172293) HM

92 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Chesapeake Western DS-4-4-660 #662 —

Quantity Built: 139 Engine: 4-cycle Model 606 NA Horsepower: 660 Speed: 60 miles per hour (mph) Trucks: 4-Wheel Tractive Effort: 56,500 pounds-force (lbf) Wheel Diameter: 40 inches Length: . . . — — Map (db m172290) HM

93 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Colonial National Bank Building —

This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and registered as a Virginia Historic Landmark 1927 — — Map (db m14965) HM

94 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Commerce or Second Street Crossing —

2nd Street (earlier known as Commerce Street) crossed the railroad at an angle. This was the main street of the town of Big Lick. Facing the tracks, east is to your right, west to your left; you are looking north. A busy section of the . . . — — Map (db m172229) HM

95 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Depressed Center Flatcar APWX #1002 —

Manufacturer: American Car and Foundry Company, 1941 Length: 43 feet 8 inches Weight: 180,000 pounds (lbs.) Capacity: 58,000 lbs. Axles: 4

In addition to being used as a freight car, APWX . . . — — Map (db m172273) HM

96 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Bridge —

Facing the railroad tracks, west is to your left where you see the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Bridge. Originally called the Henry Street Bridge, it spans the tracks to connect historic Henry Street with First Street to the south. The bridge . . . — — Map (db m134595) HM

97 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Fire Station No. 1 — c. 1908 —

Longest continuously operated fire station in Virginia until 2007; almost completely unaltered. — — Map (db m182889) HM

98 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — First National Bank — National Register of Historic Places —

This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and registered as a Virginia Historic Landmark 1909 — — Map (db m134701) HM

99 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — First Train to Big Lick — Reported missing

Nearby, on Nov. 1, 1852, the first Virginia & Tennessee Railroad train arrived in Big Lick (now Roanoke), three years after the company had been incorporated. The track from Lynchburg, Virginia to Bristol, Tennessee, was completed in 1856. In 1870, . . . — — Map (db m16970) HM

100 ► Virginia, Roanoke, Downtown — Frederick J. Kimball Memorial Fountain —

Kimball (1844–1903) was Norfolk & Western’s second president and first chairman. Thanks to his leadership the railroad was headquartered in Roanoke and expanded westward into West Virginia and Ohio. In 1907 this fountain, carved out of . . . — — Map (db m82189) HM

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