The Bandera Volcano rose up in volcanic fury some 10,000 years ago. The crater is approx. 1400 feet across and 800 feet deep. Bandera is one of the finest examples of an erupted volcano in the country, and one of the most accessible. An ancient lava . . . — — Map (db m164176) HM
This drill bit was used at Crownpoint N.M. to drill a 10 ft. diameter shaft 2,234 ft. The drill cutters weigh 30,000 lbs. Total assembly weight is 443,000 lbs. One third of its weight was used for cutting purposes. The rest of the weight as a . . . — — Map (db m164162) HM
As a protected volcanic region, the land in El Malpais National Monument provides many geological curiosities to be explored and viewed. However, remnants of World War II military training activities may still be hidden within the national . . . — — Map (db m285137) HM
San Rafael, formerly know as El Gallo, is located at a spring near the Malpais, the great lave flow to the east. The area was visited by members of Vásquez de Coronado's expedition in 1540. In 1862, it was selected as the original site of Fort . . . — — Map (db m280085) HM
The caboose, 999726, was built circa 1937 originally for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. It was donated to the Grants-Cibola County Chamber of Commerce by BNSF and many years later in 2015, the Chamber passed the caboose on to the City of Grants. . . . — — Map (db m186515) HM
This bucket was used to retrieve gold & silver ore as well as miners from the depths of the Fannie mine at Mogollon, NM Donated by Red & Nina Waldie Family 2006 — — Map (db m186517) HM
Twisted masses of volcanic rock appear almost as if out of nowhere on the El Malpais stretch of Interstate 40. These rivers of rock are lava flows, which erupted from not one but several volcanoes within El Malpais National Monument. The volcanoes . . . — — Map (db m285136) HM
Economic Impacts
Laguna, like many pueblos, had a strong and self-sufficient agricultural system well into the twentieth century. After World War II, farming and sheep herding started to decline, although some families continue these . . . — — Map (db m184206) HM
Keresan speaking refugees from Santo Domingo, Acoma, Cochiti, and other pueblos founded Laguna after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 and the Spanish reconquest of 1692. Named by the Spaniards for a marshy lake to the west, the pueblo still occupies its . . . — — Map (db m280083) HM
Keresan speaking refugees from Santo Domingo, Acoma, Cochiti, and other pueblos founded Laguna after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 and the Spanish reconquest of 1692. Named by the Spaniards for a marshy lake to the west, the pueblo still occupies its . . . — — Map (db m280084) HM
The picturesque mission church of San José de la Laguna was built around 1706 by Fray Antonio Miranda and shows the single – aisle floor plan commonly used in pueblo churches. It has been repaired many times, and acquired its distinctive white . . . — — Map (db m280081) HM
(Front of Marker:)
The picturesque mission church of San José de la Laguna was built around 1706 by Fray Antonio Miranda and shows the single – aisle floor plan commonly used in pueblo churches. It has been repaired many times, and . . . — — Map (db m280082) HM
Educated at the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania under the U.S. policy of acculturating Indian children through school and removal from their homelands, Susie was instrumental in bringing education back to Laguna. A lifelong teacher, oral . . . — — Map (db m280080) HM
Business Along Route 66
As traffic along the road increased, Laguna community members began to sell or trade items at roadside stands within the Pueblo and on adjoining lands to the east and west. Community members built shade structures . . . — — Map (db m184000) HM
The Battle of Khe Sanh claimed the lives of 2,097 United States servicemen. This historic marker is dedicated to honor and preserve the memory of New Mexico Servicemen who were killed in action or later died of their wounds. The Khe Sanh Vietnam . . . — — Map (db m70175) WM
Atsinna, which means where pictures are on the rock, was occupied from roughly 1275 to 1400 by ancestors of today’s Zuni people. Eighteen rooms were excavated in 1954, 1955, and 1961. Today, however, the focus at El Morro has shifted from . . . — — Map (db m163205) HM
Until it was by-passed by the railroad in the 1880’s, its waterhole made El Morro an important stop for travelers in the Acoma-Zuni region. Numerous inscriptions carved in the sandstone date from the prehistoric, Spanish, Mexican, and Territorial . . . — — Map (db m280079) HM
Also known as squawbush, this aromatic shrub is a member of the same plant family that includes poison ivy, cashews, pistachios, and mangos. The stems of this plant have been used by Native Americans for many years in basketmaking, while the tart . . . — — Map (db m163237) HM
Matilda Coxe Stevenson (1849-1915). Matilda Coxe Stevenson was the first female anthropologist to study the Native Americans of New Mexico. Her research focused on the religious practices of indigenous peoples, particularly of the Zuni, and . . . — — Map (db m280078) HM
Living and working at El Morro in the early 1900s was an adventure in itself. The duty station was remote, the dirt roads leading in and out were often impassible during wet weather, and a lack of running water or electricity made living conditions . . . — — Map (db m163200) HM
Before the days of interstates and automobiles, a journey from Albuquerque to Zuni (about 150 miles) typically took 9 or 10 days. Imagine the relief travelers must have felt when they reached this shady little oasis after walking or riding a horse . . . — — Map (db m163216) HM
The inscriptions and petroglyphs at El Morro are an important link to the past. Although they are very old, they will not be here forever. Sand grains are washed away, rocks crumble and fall, and lichens and clay deposits cover the historic . . . — — Map (db m163201) HM
From the early Puebloan people who built their homes atop this rock, to the many explorers and adventurers who carved their names, to modern visitors who travel here looking for the evidence of those who came before, El Morro reflects the history of . . . — — Map (db m163199) HM
Carved into the soft sandstone cuesta before you is a lingering history of the American Southwest. The names of the celebrated, the infamous, the legendary, and the unknown are immortalized side by side where they would otherwise be separated by . . . — — Map (db m163198) HM
Legend describes Acoma as a "place that always was". Archaeological evidence shows it has been occupied since at least the 13th century. Established on this
mesa for defensive purposes, Acoma was settled by inhabitants of nearby pueblos which had . . . — — Map (db m280092) HM
This chapel was erected in 1968 by Dr. Victor Westphall in memory of his son David Westphall and all U.S. personnel killed in the fighting in Vietnam. It was first dedicated as the Vietnam Veterans Peace and Brotherhood Chapel, and on May 30, 1983, . . . — — Map (db m45749) HM
Black Jack’s Hideout. In Turkey Creek Canyon near here, the outlaw gang of Thomas “Black Jack” Ketchum had one of its hideouts. After a train robbery in July 1899, a posse surprised the gang at the hideout. The outlaws scattered after a . . . — — Map (db m45784) HM
You are now at the Great Plains-Rocky Mountain boundary. The Cimarron Range, one of the eastern-most ranges of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in this part of New Mexico. Elevation 6,800 feet. — — Map (db m45764) HM
This high mountain park is part of a state wildlife area and is managed by the New Mexico State Park Division in cooperation with the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Trout fishing is excellent in the Cimarron River, and the park offers fine . . . — — Map (db m45755) HM
These spectacular cliffs are cut by the Cimarron River through igneous rock known as a sill and composed of the rock type monzonite which was emplaced some 40 million years ago as these Southern Rocky Mountains were being uplifted. Elevation 8,000 . . . — — Map (db m45753) HM
The difficulty of bringing caravans over rocky and mountainous Raton Pass kept most wagon traffic on the Cimarron Cutoff of the Santa Fe Trail until the 1840's. Afterwards, the Mountain Branch, which here approaches Raton Pass, became more . . . — — Map (db m45821) HM
The Saint James Hotel
Has been placed on the
National Register
Of Historic Places
By the United States
Department of the Interior
1872 — — Map (db m45779) HM
Eagle Nest was a place where members of several Indian tribes were said to have come to collect ceremonial feathers. Before 1919, Charles Springer acquired the land and built a dam for irrigation. It now has a capacity of 78,000 acre feet and . . . — — Map (db m45752) HM
The discovery of gold on Baldy Mountain in 1866 brought such a rush of fortune-seekers to the Moreno Valley that “E-town” became a roaring mining camp almost overnight. Because of water and transportation problems, and a decline in ore . . . — — Map (db m45751) HM
Across Moreno Valley stands Wheeler Peak, 13,161 feet, highest peak in New Mexico. Rocks of Wheeler Peak and the Taos Range are highly resistant granites and gneisses of Precambrian age. Moreno Valley is underlain by soft sandstones and shales . . . — — Map (db m280100) HM
Santa Fe Trail
(Via Bent's Fort) 1822-1879 Marked by the Daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of New Mexico 1910 — — Map (db m227255) HM
Women of the Santa Fe Trail. The Women of the Santa Fe Trail endured untold hardships traveling across the Great Plains. In 1829, six Hispanic women were the first known female travelers going east on the trail. In 1832, Mary Donoho was the . . . — — Map (db m280101) HM
Three-quarters of a mile west of here at the Canadian River crossing was the popular overnight stage stop on the Old Santa Fe Trail. Clifton House Site was built in 1867 by rancher Tom Stockton, with materials brought overland from Dodge City. For . . . — — Map (db m280102) HM
Robert L. Dodson bought a steam-powered Locomobile in Denver with plans to drive it to Albuquerque. Accompanied by a Locomobile representative, on November 30, 1900, the pair became the first motorists to traverse treacherous Raton Pass into New . . . — — Map (db m77850) HM
Built in 1896 by the Smith brothers, Scottish immigrant coal miners, the Palace Hotel became the crowning jewel of the many holdings acquired by the frugal Smiths. Nearly lost by fire in 1932, the Palace was purchased and restored by the Tinnie . . . — — Map (db m196359) HM
Once the Willow Springs freight stop on the Santa Fe Trail, the town of Raton developed from A.T. & S.F. repair shops established when the railroad crossed Raton Pass in 1879. Valuable coal deposits attracted early settlers. Nearby Clifton House was . . . — — Map (db m77849) HM
Opened by William Becknell in 1812, the Santa Fe Trail became the major trade route to Santa Fe from Missouri River towns. The two main branches, the Cimarron Cutoff and the Mountain Branch, joined at Watrous. Travel over the Trail ceased with . . . — — Map (db m202790) HM
To the north is Raton Pass, a treacherous connection through the rough mountain terrain between Colorado and New Mexico. Wagon trains traveling on the Santa Fe Trail camped here, at a trail stop called Willow Springs, to either prepare for or . . . — — Map (db m77851) HM
Built in 1879 at a cost of $9,800, this building served as the Colfax County Courthouse from 1882 through 1897, when the county seat was moved to Raton. This building housed the New Mexico reform school for boys from 1910 to 1917 and has been a . . . — — Map (db m55206) HM
Point of Rocks. Point of Rocks was a major landmark along the Santa Fe Trail. Located in Jicarilla Apache country, it was near here that the party of Santa Fe merchant J.W. White was attacked in 1849. Kit Carson was a member of the military . . . — — Map (db m55207) HM
Located in the old Maxwell Land Grant and near the Cimarron Cutoff of the Santa Fe Trail, Springer served as Colfax County seat from 1882 to 1897. Several men were killed here in one of the late flare-ups of the Colfax County War, a dispute between . . . — — Map (db m45823) HM
Point of Rocks was a convenient camping spot for Santa Fe Trail travelers going in both directions. When the caravans camped here going west they knew they were two weeks from the end of their 900-mile journey. Here they would have their first . . . — — Map (db m156696) HM
Traveling on the Santa Fe Trail, the commercial road which ran 900 miles between Franklin, Missouri, and Santa Fe, New Mexico, could be long, hard, and dangerous. Obtaining water was sometimes a problem and, along with breakdowns and bad weather, . . . — — Map (db m156697) HM
Reaching altitudes more than 13,000 feet, well watered, and forested, the Rocky Mountains are host to numerous recreational activities including skiing, fishing, hunting, and camping. To the north can be seen numerous volcanic peaks that lie east . . . — — Map (db m55208) HM
Dedicated to Curry County Veterans who served their country
World War I •
World War II •
Korea •
Vietnam •
Southwest Asia
1st Panel
1916 Punitive Expedition
Everett Fitzhugh
World War I
William Galloway . . . — — Map (db m269402) WM
Dedicated to Our Fallen Comrades Who Perished in the F-111 Defending Our Freedom
Maj Herbert F. Brightwell •
Mr Ralph H. Donnell •
Mr Charles E. Wangeman •
Maj Henry McCann •
Capt Dennis Graham •
Cmdr David L. Cooley USN •
Lt Col . . . — — Map (db m269405) WM
"Dedicated to the F-111 aircrews who gave their lives in defense of our nations freedom" F-111D 68-0140
Aircraft 68-0140 was the 56th of 96 F-111D Models produced by General Dynamics Corp. Ft. Worth, Texas. It was the 67th "D" Model . . . — — Map (db m269408) WM
Clovis schools were segregated when Ida O. Jackson arrived from Texas in 1926 to teach African-American youth. Starting with two students in Bethlehem Baptist Church, she encouraged early education and by 1935 taught 35 students in a one-room . . . — — Map (db m246804) HM
The African-American Community of
Clovis started its first school, Lincoln-
Jackson, in 1924 with two students. In 1926,
the school was named for Ida Jackson, a
favorite teacher, and Abraham Lincoln.
By 1954, K-12 enrollment had reached . . . — — Map (db m300920) HM
In honor of veterans of World War II from Curry County, New Mexico, their grateful fellow citizens contributed substantially to this library as a living memorial
1941-1945 — — Map (db m269401) WM
In honor of the Naval Service Veterans of Clovis and Curry County for their dedication and service to our great nation.
With grateful thanks to the Naval History & Heritage Command for the loan of this naval anchor, the State of New Mexico, . . . — — Map (db m269404) WM
At thirteen, Norman began cutting records in his father's filling station. With money earned from the Norman Petty Trio's "Mood Indigo", Petty converted a family grocery store next door into a modern recording studio where he experimented with echo . . . — — Map (db m269413) HM
At thirteen, Norman began cutting records in
his fathers filling station. With money earned
from the Norman Petty Trio's "mood Indigo",
Petty converted a family grocery store next
door into a modern recording studio where
he experimented with . . . — — Map (db m160369) HM
Back Panel In honored tribute to the brave men and women of the village of Melrose who served our country
Front Panel
Honored Veterans
WWI
Paulk, Jack •
Richards, Claude •
Smith, Claude
WWII . . . — — Map (db m269417) WM
Estella García. Estella García taught colcha embroidery at Melrose, New Mexico, for the Federal Arts Program in the 1930s. Anglo and Hispana women in Garcia's class collaborated to design and produce embroidered theater curtains, wall . . . — — Map (db m73703) HM
The F-100 was fully operational from October 1957, to June 1972. The Super Saber was first delivered to the Tactical Air Command (TAC) in September 1954. This aircraft belonged to the last operational F-100 unit in TAC, the 524th Tactical Fighter . . . — — Map (db m269414) HM WM
Nomadic Indians and countless buffalo herds dominated this vast plain when the Vásquez de Coronado expedition explored it in 1541. Later it was the focus of Comanchero activity, and in the 19th century it became a center for cattle ranching. The . . . — — Map (db m73716) HM
During the 1700s and early 1800s, Comanche Indian buffalo hunters used trails that passed near here. In 1907 the Santa Fe Railroad established Clovis to serve as the eastern terminal of the Belen Cutoff, which would connect with the transcontinental . . . — — Map (db m145061) HM
He was known by many names, William Henry McCarthy, William H. Bonney, but he was best known as "Billy the Kid." Born in New York City in 1859, he would find infamy in the old west as a hired gun, outlaw and other wise stone-cold killer. His mother . . . — — Map (db m269527) HM
• Billy the Kids tombstone was stolen in 1951. Its location was a mystery for twenty-six years until 1976 when it was recovered in Granbury, Texas, by Joe Bowlin.
• The tombstone was stolen again on Feb. 8, 1981 and recovered four days later . . . — — Map (db m269530) HM
The U.S. Army established Fort Sumner in 1862 as a supply and control point for the Bosque Redondo Indian Reservation. About 10,000 Navajo were forcibly relocated from the Four-Corners Region during the tragic march known as the Long Walk. About 500 . . . — — Map (db m73718) HM
You are entering the grounds of historic Fort Sumner, headquarters of the Bosque Redondo Indian Reservation.
Over 400 Mescalero Apache and 7,000 Navajo were held here as prisoners of war. The museum tells their stories. — — Map (db m280103) HM
Why Here?
General James H. Carleton, commanding the Military Department of New Mexico, ordered the establishment of Fort Sumner in late 1862. Carleton and others mistakenly believed the Pecos River and the land surrounding Fort Sumner would . . . — — Map (db m269513) HM
A New Community
Following the disastrous failure of the U.S. Government's Bosque Redondo experiment, the land set aside as reservation returned to the public domain. The Army sold the fort buildings and other improvements to the famous . . . — — Map (db m269514) HM
Charlie Bowdre fought alongside Billy the Kid in the Lincoln County War. After losing the war, both he and the Kid retreated to Fort Sumner, NM, where Bowdre worked as a cowboy and was also suspect in Billy's outlaw endeavors. In December 1880 the . . . — — Map (db m269534) HM
A Navajo woman born in Canyon de Chelly, AZ, Deluvina was taken as a slave during an Apache raid when she was a child. Later adopted by Lucien Maxwell of Fort Sumner, she was a loyal servant of the Maxwell family.
She was present in Fort . . . — — Map (db m269544) HM
Population 1,250 – Elevation 4,028 ft.
Named for the fort built in 1862 to guard the Bosque Redondo Indian Reservation, the town of Fort Sumner grew out of settlements clustering around the Maxwell family properties. It moved to its present . . . — — Map (db m73721) HM
Population 1,250 – Elevation 4,028 ft.
Named for the fort built in 1862 to guard the Bosque Redondo Indian Reservation, the town of Fort Sumner grew out of settlements clustering around the Maxwell family properties. It moved to its . . . — — Map (db m73722) HM
Named for the fort built in 1862 to guard the Bosque Redondo Indian Reservation, the town of Fort Sumner grew out of settlements clustering around the Maxwell family properties. It moved to its present site with the construction of the Belén Cutoff . . . — — Map (db m270116) HM
Fort Sumner was established in 1862 to control the Diné (Navajo) and N'de (Mescalero Apache) who were forcibly marched from their homelands and interned at the Bosque Redondo Reservation. Conditions here caused great suffering. The N'de escaped in . . . — — Map (db m270115) HM
It is said that... While drunk one night, Grant had the misfortune of getting on the wrong side of "Billy the Kid" at Beaver Smith's saloon in Ft. Sumner, NM. After a heated discussion, Grant bet Billy $25 that he would kill a man first. Billy . . . — — Map (db m269524) HM
A native of Kaskaskia, Ill, a fur trader and trapper who by industry, good fortune and trading became sole owner in 1864 of the largest single tract of land owned by any one individual in the United States.
Maxwell founded the First National . . . — — Map (db m73719) HM
Fort Sumner was established in 1862 to guard the Navajo and Apaches on the Bosque Redondo reservation. It was discontinued as a military post in 1868 and the buildings and site sold to Lucien B. Maxwell. William "Billy the Kid" Bonney was killed . . . — — Map (db m73713) HM
Tom O'Folliard was the best friend of outlaw William Bonney (Billy the Kid). Both men were members of the Regulators during the Lincoln County War. O'Folliard was shot in the shoulder during the famous Five-Day Battle in Lincoln. After the war . . . — — Map (db m269532) HM
Welcome to the cemetery at Historic Fort Sumner. The U.S. Army established this post cemetery in 1863, shortly after opening the nearby fort and the Bosque Redondo Indian Reservation. Between 1863 and 1869, 22 soldiers and officers, along with . . . — — Map (db m269521) HM
William "Billy the Kid" Bonney Grave 1859-1881
Henry McCarty is better known by his alias, William "Billy the Kid" Bonney. His family moved to the New Mexico territory in 1873. Bonney was charged with numerous thefts and involved in nine . . . — — Map (db m270111) HM
Lake Sumner was originally named Alamogordo Lake after Alamogordo Creek. The lake and surrounding land became a state park in 1960. In 1974, the lake and state park were renamed Sumner in honor of Colonial Edmond Vose Sumner who in the mid 19th . . . — — Map (db m245417) HM
At noon on November 30, 1944, a World War II supply train hauling 165 five-hundred-pound bombs headed for the Pacific Theater derailed in Tolar. The train caught fire and the bombs exploded. The blast, which leveled nearly every building in town, . . . — — Map (db m269512) HM
One of the few battles of the Mexican War to be fought in New Mexico occured near here on Christmas Day, 1846. U.S. troops under Colonel Alexander W. Doniphan defeated a Mexican army commanded by General Antonio Ponce de León. Two days later, . . . — — Map (db m280104) HM
Stagecoaches of the Butterfield Overland Mail Co. began carrying passengers and mail from St. Louis to San Francisco, across southern New Mexico, in 1858. The 2,795-mile journey took 21-22 days. In 1861 the service was re-routed through Salt Lake . . . — — Map (db m6553) HM
Oñate’s Route
Juan de Oñate, first governor of New Mexico, passed near here with his colonizing expedition in May, 1598. Traveling north, he designated official campsites (called parajes) on the Camino Real, used by expeditions that . . . — — Map (db m280105) HM
On April 24, 1851, John Russell Bartlett for the United States and Pedro Garcia-Conde for the Republic of Mexico, erected near here a monument designating 32° 22’ north latitude on the Rio Grande as the initial point for the official survey of the . . . — — Map (db m280106) HM
This site, named after the legendary woman, Doña Ana, is first mentioned as a paraje along the Camino Real. Spanish rested near here as they retreated from New Mexico following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. The community was founded in 1843 as the . . . — — Map (db m280107) HM
The name of the county Doña Ana originates from Doña Ana Robledo, who died near here while fleeing south with other settlers during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt. She was buried below the peak that now bears her surname in the Robledo Mountains, so named . . . — — Map (db m280149) HM
In 1884, Shalam Colony was established on the banks of the Rio Grande near the village of Doña Ana by John Ballou Newbrough and a group of Utopian followers called Faithists. Newbrough’s “Book of Shalam" set forth a plan for gathering the outcast . . . — — Map (db m280109) HM
Originally established as Santa Barbara in 1851, Apache raids drove the settlers away until 1853 when nearby Fort Thorn was established. Abandoned again in 1860 after the fort closed, it was reoccupied in 1875 and re-named for General Edward Hatch, . . . — — Map (db m280110) HM
For America, WWII began of December 7, 1941, with the attack on Pearl Harbor, the first of Japan's day-long assault on locations throughout the Pacific. Major American installations on Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines, were also . . . — — Map (db m38286) HM
On July 24, 1861, Lt. Col. John Robert Baylor led 300 men consisting of two companies of the Second Texas Mounted Rifles, a Texas light-artillery company without its howitzers, an El Paso County scout company, and some civilians from Fort Bliss to . . . — — Map (db m38266) HM
Fort Selden was established to protect settlers and railroad construction crews in the Mesilla Valley and the Jornada del Muerto from Apaches. The first regular army troops to garrison it were four companies of the black 125th Infantry. General . . . — — Map (db m45085) HM
More than fourteen hundred New Mexicans fought with the 200th Coast Artillery (CAC) Regiment defending the Philippines and the Bataan Peninsula at the beginning of World War II. The regiment received the Presidential Distinguished Unit Citation . . . — — Map (db m38293) HM
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