Water from deep snow that falls on high mountain ridges north of here is stored each Spring in this reservoir to irrigate farm land near Shoshone and Richfield.
Big Wood River flows past some hills that separate this valley from a broad . . . — — Map (db m110116) HM
(Five panels in the kiosk deal with the history of Goodale's Cutoff and the surrounding area)
Idaho's Emigrant Trails
Westward-bound emigrants entered Idaho after crossing Thomas Fork Valley. They soon encountered the climb . . . — — Map (db m110138) HM
Rich strikes in 1879 led to a rush in the lead and silver mines of this valley. The famous Minnie Moore Mine alone produced a total of $8.4 million worth of ore.
Mining quickly brought a railroad and prosperity. The Ketchum smelter pioneered . . . — — Map (db m110115) HM
An old emigrant road headed west across Camas Prairie and then descended to the valley below on its way to rejoin the Oregon Trail 28 miles west of here.
This route, discovered by Donald Mackenzie's fur trade party in 1820, came into use for . . . — — Map (db m125602) HM
As the pioneers passed through this parched landscape they were happy to find any available water.
Most water is soaked up like a giant sponge when it reaches the lava fields, but here, small creeks to the north cover the porous lava rock with a . . . — — Map (db m109897) HM
The original building on this site, called the Bullion Block, was constructed in 1882. It was at this time that Hailey became the county seat of Alturas County after a bitterly fought election with Bellevue, and the existing county seat, Rocky Bar. . . . — — Map (db m110109) HM
J.C. Fox, the original owner of the building and one of Hailey's founders, had it erected in 1920 after operating a general store three doors up the street for almost forty years. He served as mayor for two years and was vice-president of the Hailey . . . — — Map (db m110113) HM
The J.J. Tracy Building was built as a drug store in 1906 by John J. Tracy. Already a pharmacist at the age of twenty-two, Tracy migrated to the West, spending three months in Kelton, Utah where he met William T. Riley, an entrepreneur and early . . . — — Map (db m110111) HM
In 1934, Julio Astoriquia and his wife Maria Astoriquia invested their hard-saved money to buy two lots on Main Street in Hailey for construction of a hotel. Julio emigrated from the Basque region of Spain to the United States in 1913. He worked as . . . — — Map (db m110114) HM
The Watt Building is connected in local memory with W.H. Watt, who had the building erected as a bank. An 1889 fire that demolished the business district of Hailey left few buildings still standing. The rear portion of the building, which may date . . . — — Map (db m110108) HM
Searching the mountain wilderness for beaver, Alexander Ross came up Wood River and discovered this summit, Sept. 18, 1824.
Leading a large brigade of Hudson's Bay Company trappers, he wondered whether he ever could get through unknown . . . — — Map (db m110051) HM
After Warren P. Callahan located a rich lead-silver mine here, April 26, 1876, thousands of eager treasure-hunters joined in a rush to Wood River in 1880
Successful prosectors discovered valuable lodes from here to Bellevue. Galena has a . . . — — Map (db m110052) HM
Pioneering explorer Alexander Ross visited the valley in search of beaver in 1821. The Hudson's Bay Company reported the area as "promising." Ketchum's short mining era began in 1879, after the Sheepeater War and the relocation of the Native . . . — — Map (db m110105) HM
Rising as a small stream in the valley to the south, the Salmon winds 420 miles across Idaho before flowing into Snake River.
Discovered in 1895 by Lewis and Clark, and explored with great difficulty by fur traders and prospectors, the . . . — — Map (db m110050) HM
Gold discoveries on Beaver Creek in 1879 led to mining activity near here that summer, but major production was delayed until 1886.
By 1885, Sawtooth City had three saloons, two restaurants, a meat market, a store, a Chinese laundry, and . . . — — Map (db m110045) HM
When Sun Valley Lodge was built in 1936, Union Pacific engineers developed chair lifts to transport skiers uphill.
Starting with two modest ski slopes on Dollar Mountain and Proctor Mountain, chair lifts were used for all Sun Valley ski . . . — — Map (db m110054) HM
The First Congregational Church of Ketchum, Idaho was built in 1884 during expansion of the Church across America. By the late 1840's, Christian abolitionists gained strength in the struggle against slavery. Unwilling to remain in the union of . . . — — Map (db m110106) HM
Horace Lewis began the "Ketchum Fast Freight Line" soon after the town was founded on August 2, 1880. The first load of ore was carried from the Elkhorn mine to the railroad at Kelton, Utah. These monstrous wagons with six-foot wheels known as "The . . . — — Map (db m110104) HM
Levi Smiley found gold on Smiley Creek in 1878, and E.M. Wilson discovered a still richer lode 8 miles above here near Vienna, on June 4, 1879.
Before shutting down in 1886, Vienna was a thriving mining camp with a $200,000 twenty-stamp . . . — — Map (db m110048) HM
The shallow arc of Idahos Snake River Plain spans southern Idaho, gently rising from west to east. Current theories suggest that the plain marks the path of continental movement over a deep hotspot now lying beneath the Yellowstone Plateau. As the . . . — — Map (db m71602)
A Memorial To Those Whose
Lives Were Lost In Defense
Of Freedom, By Acts Of War
Or Terrorism; And A Tribute
To The Heroic Actions Of All
Patriotic Americans — — Map (db m103591) WM
Walking off trails may be destroying these spatter cones which are some of the rarest volcanic features on the face of the earth.
Photographs taken at different times demonstrate that unrestricted visitor use left these fragile volcanic cones . . . — — Map (db m80429) HM
An important page in atomic history was written here on July 17, 1955, when the lights of Arco were successfully powered from atomic energy. Chosen by the Atomic Energy Commission as an experiment in the peaceful use of atomic power, Arco, Idaho . . . — — Map (db m68916) HM
On old maps, this region was referred to as "the Cinder Buttes." Towering above the surrounding landscape by more than 700 feet (200 meters) and spreading across an area of more than three square miles (eight square kilometers) the tallest and . . . — — Map (db m140015) HM
Look for lava and ice stalactites ("lavacicles" and "icicles") on the ceiling and walls of this lava tube. They were formed by dripping hot lava and melting ice. Born of fire, this cave now retains ice year-round—a cool place to visit on a hot . . . — — Map (db m92943)
Two thousand years ago, nearby volcanoes erupted so violently that they tore themselves apart. Rivers of lava floated huge chunks of crater wall down to this spot. Time passed. Rocks crumbled. The seeds of rabbitbrush and limber pine root in the . . . — — Map (db m183502) HM
Beginning in the 1850s, armed skirmishes broke out between Shoshone Indians and emigrants traveling by wagon train to the west. Many pioneers tried new paths through Idaho that would avoid the Snake River, where they were most vulnerable to attack. . . . — — Map (db m140017) HM
The United States Submarine Force
Has lost 65 submarines and more
Than 4,027 crewmembers are still on
Final patrol since submarines became
Part of the Naval Service in 1900
It Is Well That They Should Be Remembered
1915 - USS F-4 . . . — — Map (db m103593) WM
Indian Tunnel is named for the mysterious stone circles that lie near the path to this large lava tube. Ancient stone structures are visible in many locations throughout the Monument. Archeologists believe that some of these structures may have had . . . — — Map (db m183501)
The Strangest 75 square miles on the North American continent
-Comment from an early traveler.
The landscape before you was explosively created by volcanic eruptions. Cracks in the earths crest allowed lava to blast, . . . — — Map (db m70597) HM
The Strangest 75 square miles on the North American continent Comment from an early traveler The landscape before you was explosively created by volcanic eruptions. Cracks in the earth's crust allowed lava to blast, plop, . . . — — Map (db m92942)
When its water is not diverted for upstream irrigation, Lost River flows past here into a sink 14 miles to the northeast.
Lava flows in the Snake River plains buried old channels of Lost River, Little Lost River, and Birch Creek. No longer able . . . — — Map (db m70448) HM
Statistics
Length: 20.5 feet
Diameter: 21 inches
Weight: 3300 pounds
Range: 5500 to 9000 yards
Propulsion: Steam Turbine
History
The Mark 14 torpedo was introduced into the navy in 1929. The warhead contained . . . — — Map (db m103596) WM
Here in the path of a lava flow you can view a variety of volcanic features, now frozen in time. The trail crosses over the most recent of several successive flows that originated from the North Crater area. As you walk the path, imagine slow moving . . . — — Map (db m70602) HM
After centuries of rest, North Crater stirred once more. The old crater wall broke open and lava poured out carrying great chunks of broken wall. Again it rested. About 2000 years ago, lava flowed out for the last time. — — Map (db m70603) HM
Since 1949, more nuclear reactors – over 50 of them – have been built on this plain than anywhere else in the world.
This 900-square-mile Idaho National Laboratory is the birthplace of the Nuclear Navy. Commercial power reactor . . . — — Map (db m70447) HM
This Oliver Three Disc Gang Plow, (ca. 1909) was found just two miles south of Argonne-West on the INEEL. Oliver disc plows, known for their ability to penetrate hard rocky soils with relative ease, were made to stand up to the hard knocks, while . . . — — Map (db m270785) HM
Big Southern Butte -- A Waypoint for Thousands of Years
Just passing through, mama
The harsh conditions on the plain discouraged most long-term settlement, but Big Southern Butte was a clear waypoint. In the 1800s, travelers headed toward Fort . . . — — Map (db m70573) HM
A study initiated in 2008 found that a narrow but lengthy corridor passing through Craters of the Moon links pronghorn between their summer and winter ranges. Although pronghorn are considered to be the fastest land mammals in the western . . . — — Map (db m140018) HM
This silent volcano made some noise approximately 6,500 years ago when eruptions ejected cinders and pumped out lava from the crater.
Today, the shady north-facing slope of this cinder cone supports a forest of Limber pines and a few larger . . . — — Map (db m140026) HM
Class: (Sturgeon Variant) Sturgeon
Built At: Mare Island Naval Shipyard
Keel Laid: 12 September 1966
Launched: 2 April 1969
Christening: Mrs. Bernard F. Roeder
Commissioned: 4 February 1971
First Commanding Officer: Commander . . . — — Map (db m103649) HM WM
USS S-27
USS S-27 (SS-132) was one of
52 United States Submarines Lost
In World War ll
S-27 was commissioned on 22 January, 1924
under command of Lt. Herbert Jukes
S-27 was lost in the early morning hours of
19 June, 1942 When she ran . . . — — Map (db m103595) WM
From this vantage point, you gaze across 25 miles of lava to Big Southern Butte. Early pioneers, following Goodales Cutoff from the Oregon Trail, used this land mark to navigate around the rugged lavas of the Snake River Plain. As a traveler today, . . . — — Map (db m70595) HM
Before you lies the Great Rift, a 52-mile (84 kilometer) long system of fissures which a chain of volcanoes erupted. Crescent Butte is the oldest of these cinder cones, created during the earliest eruptions here about 15,000 years ago.
North . . . — — Map (db m140027) HM
Say the word volcano and usually the image flashes to mind of a single great symmetrical cone. But, the volcanic activity in Craters of the Moon National Monument and the Snake River Plain has taken a different form.
Parallel cracks in the . . . — — Map (db m71601)
Fur traders named this stream for John Day, a pioneer trapper who died in the valley north of here, Feb. 16, 1820
John Day had started west with John Jacob Astors Pacific Fur Company that discovered Snake River Valley to the south of . . . — — Map (db m103827) HM
In Memory of
Benjamin A. Pearson
Born-1848 Died-1934
Came to Idaho in 1869 with wife-Eliza Mary Curtis
Homesteaded in valley in 1884-Ranched 45 years
Ran freight & stage-Blackfoot to Challis-1896
Was first State Senator from . . . — — Map (db m140065) HM
In the early 90's the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints organized a branch in Lost Rover Valley. The people built a Church 1.03 miles south of this in 1898. It was 38 x 54 feet, four windows on each side, double doors in front and a stage . . . — — Map (db m140067) HM
Angered by white encroachment on Camas Prairie lands which had been guaranteed to the Bannock Indians by treaty, Buffalo Horn's band went to war May 30, 1878
Trouble had been brewing on the reservation for years, and the government had . . . — — Map (db m110141) HM
( six panels are located beneath the interpretive site shelter:)
A Region Where History Was Made
The scenic routes shown on this map will take you to several historic and scenic landmarks in northeastern Idaho. You will . . . — — Map (db m124526) HM
1 The Fort Henry Monument This monument commemorates the Henry Expedition to the area in 1810-1811. Andrew Henry was the field captain of the St. Louis, Missouri Fur Co. it was a harsh winter. The cabins in the fields just east of . . . — — Map (db m253446) HM
Bannock and Nez Perce Indians, trappers and explorers originated early Dry Creek trails. Montana gold trails began in 1864 as early freight wagons and stagecoaches trailed by Hole-In-The-Rock Stage Station north of Dry Creek. Next came the Oregon . . . — — Map (db m253444) HM
When General O.O. Howard tried to get more than 600 Nez Perce Indians to settle on a North Idaho reservation in 1877, he ran into a lot of trouble here.
On their way to Yellowstone Park, Chief Joseph's Nez Perce people reached Hole in the . . . — — Map (db m124339) HM
After Montana's Gold Rushes began in 1862, thousands of miners came past here and a Beaver Canyon stage station was built here.
Freighters and travelers on stage lines from Salt Lake to Montana stopped at this station until Utah and . . . — — Map (db m124337) HM
You now stand among the remains of Bonanza City, laid out in 1877 and the Yankee Fork's first mining camp. Pack trails linking Ketchum, Stanley, Loon Creek, and Challis converged in Bonanza. At its peak, Bonanza had over 600 residents, a . . . — — Map (db m109990) HM
Near here, the initial pond of the Yankee Fork Gold Dredge was constructed to allow the assembly of the massive four-story floating machine. It was a major operation to transport the equipment and pieces needed to build the dredge. Some pieces were . . . — — Map (db m110005) HM
Thoughts of dredging the Yankee Fork began in 1899 when business groups bought up placer claims along the creek and were revived up again in 1904 when the Boston & Boise Dredge Company drilled test holes. Rising gold prices stimulated interest again . . . — — Map (db m109989) HM
Workers on the dredge included the winch men, stern and bow oilers, and the gold man. A ground crew cleared the area ahead of the digging and helped set the "deadmen." The dredge master oversaw the entire operation, deciding were to dig, when to . . . — — Map (db m109988) HM
The first prospectors on the Yankee Fork searched for small particles of gold known as "placer gold." Eroded from exposed ore veins in surrounding hillsides, placer gold washed down valley walls and collected in stream channels. Prospectors used . . . — — Map (db m109987) HM
The large piles of rock and gravel around you were left over from dredge mining operations that took place in the 1940s and early 1950s.
The 4-level Yankee Fork dredge floated in water as it dug its way upstream, extracting gold and silver . . . — — Map (db m109991) HM
The dredge operated 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, using only 3 men per shift. The winch man (1) was in charge, controling (sic) the dredge from his vantage point four stories above the deck. From there he could raise and lower, and vary the speed . . . — — Map (db m109948) HM
Starting in 1872, the valley bottom along the Yankee Fork, was hand placered in the search for free gold. Later, the Snake River Mining Company tested the ground along the stream and found gold still remained in the deep gravels. After obtain the . . . — — Map (db m109949) HM
Lack of development and limited government services in the western territories created opportunities for entrepreneurs like Alex Toponce. Arriving from France at age seven, Toponce traveled west and by age 18 had worked as a bullwhacker. By 1860 he . . . — — Map (db m109783) HM
Before settlers came to Idaho in 1860, Buffalo used to roam through this valley. Most of them had left here by 1840.
After they acquired Spanish horses, eighteenth century Shoshone buffalo hunters could drive a small herd over a cliff . . . — — Map (db m109766) HM
Founded in 1878, Challis provided a vital link to the outside world for the remote mining camps of the Yankee Fork and Bayhorse Mining Districts. Supply wagons arrived in Challis from Corinne, Utah and later Blackfoot, Idaho, with goods for delivery . . . — — Map (db m109702) HM
Travel on the Toll Road remained difficult due to the road's roughness. Pulling heavy loads over the road's two summits often fell upon oxen, The crack of the bullwhacker's whip and snort of laboring beasts were common sounds. You may still see . . . — — Map (db m109779) HM
By 1880 improvements to the Toll Road allowed the establishment of a stage line from Bonanza City to Challis. Along the Toll Road several stations provided services for drivers, and passengers. Eleven Mile Barn provided drivers an opportunity to . . . — — Map (db m109785) HM
Overlooked by many heading west, Idaho experienced little settlement until the 1860s when the discovery of gold brought a reverse migration from Oregon, Washington and California. Mining camps immediately sprang to life and the busy noises of pick . . . — — Map (db m109680) HM
This Valley was discovered in 1822 by an expedition of Hudson's Bay Company trappers led by Michel Bourdon. Bourdon had come to the Northwest with David Thompson, who had started the Idaho fur trade in 1808-9. Trappers searched everywhere for . . . — — Map (db m59949) HM
Two maker panels are located at this kiosk
The Keystone Road splits from the Toll Road near here. Teamsters and supplies headed for Bayhorse Mining District followed the Keystone Road to Bayhorse, Crystal and Clayton. In 1889, the . . . — — Map (db m109768) HM
Completion of the Toll Road in 1879 brought a period of prosperity to the Yankee Fork. Now heavy equipment needed to construct a mill could be transported in and large quantities of gold bullion shipped out to market. It also allowed goods and . . . — — Map (db m109781) HM
Lead-silver mineral discoveries 12 miles north of here on Bayhorse Creek in 1864 and 1872 led Joel E. Clayton to locate a large smelter here in 1880.
Doubled in size in 1888, Clayton's smelter has enough variety of ores from local mines to . . . — — Map (db m110016) HM
Crushing ore played a major role in the gold refining process. Different types of crushing methods were employed and changed with the times. Arrastras used a circular floor of tightly laid blocks of stone as a grinding surface. Ore was spread . . . — — Map (db m109836) HM
The text of this marker is unreadable because of the reflection of the sun, but from the "Custer: A walking guide" brochure; "This building was built during the 1930's when many unemployed men and their families occupied the deserted town and . . . — — Map (db m109833) HM
The difficult work of mining required the use of many rugged and reliable tools that could stand up to the physical demands of day-to-day use. It was also a necessity to have equipment that was simple enough to be repaired and maintained on site. . . . — — Map (db m109868) HM
Custer boasted many different types of businesses including a brewery, carpenter shop, butcher shop, dentist, lawyer, barbershop, post office, general stores, hotels , boarding houses and saloons. The west end of town served as the business district . . . — — Map (db m109905) HM
The vibrating jig liberated the heavy minerals from most of the lighter waste material as water was forced upward through a screen with a shot bed consisting of lead shot or old nuts and bolts. Pulsating action combined with water caused the lighter . . . — — Map (db m109867) HM
Businesses in Chinatown included laundry services, a harness and shoe shop and a Chinese place of worship known as a joss house. A few residents made a living by growing vegetable gardens or raising pigs and chickens and then selling them to . . . — — Map (db m109945) HM
Social gathering places for women were less available than for men at Custer. It was not acceptable for nice women to enter saloons or gaming establishments. Most of the socializing for women took place at socials held in homes, at the post office, . . . — — Map (db m109941) HM
Yankee Fork residents found few comforts and many hardships due to their remote location. Snow slides, work-related accidents, and disease combined with the lack of medical services created a difficult lifestyle. Evidence of this location is the . . . — — Map (db m109786) HM
Searching a hillside across the Yankee Fork in August of 1876, James Baxter, Eldon Dodge and Morgan McKim stumbled upon a rich vein of ore, exposed by a snow slide, that became the most famous mine on the Yankee Fork. Named after the popular . . . — — Map (db m109946) HM
The jail at Custer seldom housed a criminal and was unique in its construction. The walls were 2" x 6" lumber laid flat on top of each other similar to log buildings. The floor and ceiling had the same size boards laid on edge. One small barred . . . — — Map (db m109869) HM
" Jennie Smith, Mae Dellen, Lida Pfeitter, Stella Mavity, and Emma Mallm, think their selves smart they put them little kids up to that, and If that Sade Smith bothers me I will pound the stuffing out of her also Gladys, Annie and Josie." (sic) . . . — — Map (db m109830) HM
After a hard day of work, many townspeople sought rest, refreshment and entertainment. There was no shortage of drinking establishments in Custer and, at times, no shortage of consumers. At least five saloons were in operation at one time. The . . . — — Map (db m109870) HM
Snow slides were common during the winter months but none so tragic as on February 2, 1890. At 8pm the steam whistle on the Custer Mill shrieked the alarm, alerting the town of treacherous slides. One slide crashed down Bald Mountain and flooded . . . — — Map (db m109831) HM
First mention of a livery stable appeared in R.L. Polk's 1902 Business Directory, listing Kenneth McKenzie as owner. To keep a horse cost $1.50 per day. Feed bought in over the 24-mile "hay trail" from Stanley Basin contributed to the high . . . — — Map (db m109898) HM
In 1879, Col. William Birelie Hyde and William Grayson of San Francisco purchased the Custer Mining Company and constructed of a twenty stamp mill began. All of the heavy equipment for the mill was brought over the newly established Toll Road by . . . — — Map (db m109834) HM
Almost anything and everything was purchased at the general store. In 1888 prices for groceries were listed as cabbage, 25’ per pound; potatoes and bacon, each 20’ per pound; ( the rest of the marker is not legible because of the sun's . . . — — Map (db m109901) HM
This house, built in the 1880s, eventually became the home of the McKenzie family. Kenneth and Lillian McKenzie lived here with their three children: Doris, Claude and Maxine. With a stained glass window over an arched doorway, a well near the . . . — — Map (db m109874) HM
Miners lived a very simple life with a few added comforts. Some made lanterns from lard cans, wire and candles, that they used as they traveled to and from work. A miner's day began early and ended ... remember seeing a long trail of light, ... . . . — — Map (db m109940) HM
The Miners' Union Hall served as a social center, as well as professional meeting hall. At its height, the Union boasted 200 members consisting of miners and businessmen. In many ways it was a fraternal organization not only for the miners, but also . . . — — Map (db m109900) HM
Miners on the Yankee Fork started their mining endeavors with gold pans, shovels, rockers and hammers. As mining practices changed, more tools were needed. Varied mining methods, including hydraulic and hard rock, also created a demand for other . . . — — Map (db m109944) HM
William and Margaret Dunn operated the hotel of many years, and Mrs. Dunn did all the cooking. On the first floor, a bar room extended across the front of the building, with a separate hallway that led back to a washroom, kitchen and a large dining . . . — — Map (db m109899) HM
Charles Alexander Pfeiffer purchased this family home after his marriage to Ellen Louise Olson in 1890. Charles managed the Pfeiffer Store for his uncle and later worked as a gold and cleanup man at the General Custer Mill. As the family increased . . . — — Map (db m109835) HM
In 1881, 52 men worked in the mill with the different machinery and refining processes. Imagine the noise generated by the numerous pounding stamps and other machinery as it crushed and processed the ore. Each month, more than 300 cords of wood were . . . — — Map (db m109866) HM
At the top of this trail are the remains of a stone house, the only one within the proper boundaries of Custer. Many single miners live in the house, but one of the most memorable residents was Louise Terloar Short.
Louise grew up in North . . . — — Map (db m109832) HM
Belle came to Custer in 1879 as the new bride of George Thompson. They lived in a two-room log house behind their furniture and upholstery store that was connected by a walkway to the upper story of the family business. Belle lived in Custer more . . . — — Map (db m109904) HM
Over the years, many different modes of transportation shipped supplies and transported people and ore. From the 1870s through the early 1900s a shift occurred from a reliance on oxen, horses and mules to power generated by the development of the . . . — — Map (db m109873) HM
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