Leif Erikson
Discoverer of America
1000 A. D.
sponsored and erected by the
Norwegian American League
of
Duluth, Minnesota
and
Popular Subscription
presented to the City of Duluth, Minnesota
August 25, 1956.
Designed . . . — — Map (db m6323) HM
The Duluth Rose Society in Leif Erikson Park initially began as a joint effort between the City and the Duluth Rose Society. First envisioned by Mrs. Ausma Klints, the community garden was created with the help of Mrs. Virginia Sellwood and Mrs. . . . — — Map (db m79505) HM
Fond du Lac was incorporated in 1857 and became a part of the City of Duluth in 1895. This is the site of a major Chippewa Indian settlement from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries and is situated on the early canoe route along the St. . . . — — Map (db m43723) HM
Site of Ojibway Village
from earliest known period
Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Luth
was here in 1679
Astor's American Fur Company
established a trading post
on this spot about 1817
First Ojibway Treaty in Minnesota
made here in 1826 . . . — — Map (db m43725) HM
Rice's Point separates Duluth-Superior's outer from it's inner harbor, and is a focal point of Duluth's industrial activity. Many of the city's bridges can be seen, among them the Aerial Lift Bridge to the left, the John A. Blatnik Bridge straight . . . — — Map (db m4965) HM
As you face Lake Superior, you will find that the eastern access to the Skyline Parkway, a 30-mile drive along the rim of the hills overlooking Duluth and Lake Superior, begins here to your right on the left bank of the Lester River. As you proceed . . . — — Map (db m44599) HM
McQuade Small Craft Harbor is a great place to watch for interlake and ocean-going freighters ("salties"). You'll also see workboats, fishing boats, and recreational craft of all kinds. The largest inland port in the United States, . . . — — Map (db m266794) HM
An early spike in commercial fishing along the North Shore began in the mid-1830s, as the American Fur Company established fishing stations to meet demand for Lake Superior whitefish. Although that effort ended in 1842, travel books and visitors' . . . — — Map (db m266779) HM
U.S. Highway 61 from Duluth to the Canadian border was built in the 1920s and 1930s. Originating in historic Indian trails and military roads of the late 1800s, the paved route was proudly named the Lake Superior International Highway. Visitors . . . — — Map (db m266791) HM
Before 1840, rumors of copper deposits along the North Shore's hills and streams had captured the interest of mineral prospectors. With the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe, the Ojibwe people reluctantly ceded their territories to the United States. Land . . . — — Map (db m266759) HM
Storms can quickly and unpredictably pose dangerous threats to small and large vessels on Lake Superior. McQuade Small Craft Harbor offers lake access and a safe haven for boaters and anglers along the shoreline between Duluth-Superior Harbor and . . . — — Map (db m266792) HM
Formed by Forces of Fire and Ice: Massive geological forces hewed the North Shore's dramatic cliffs and rocky beaches. Approximately 1.2 billion years ago, volcanic lava poured from a gigantic rift in the continent. During the last Ice Age, . . . — — Map (db m266793) HM
Duluth-Superior harbor is the westernmost terminus of the St. Lawrence Seaway and the world's most inland seaport. Harbor commerce began when Daniel Greysolon Sieur Du Luht portaged across Minnesota Point in 1679 where the Duluth Aerial Lift Bridge . . . — — Map (db m4827) HM
The Pioneer Vermilion Iron Mining Company opened the Pioneer Mine in 1888 and began shipping ore the following year. When Oliver Iron Mining Company leased the Pioneer in 1898, it was producing over 500,000 tons annually. Eventually, it was . . . — — Map (db m127860) HM
The Pioneer Mine began operation in 1888. Shafts No. 1 and No. 2 were abandoned and replaced by vertical A Shaft, which was sunk in 1909 and in 1943 an incline from 8th level to surface was completed. Men, timber for support and equipment were . . . — — Map (db m127868) HM
This log playhouse was constructed about 1902 by Juha Tupanen Norha for nine year old Alma.
Alma, her mother, Maria, and her grandmother, Elizabeth, arrived in Embarrass from Finland in 1901 to join her father, Samuel, at his homestead cabin. . . . — — Map (db m107202) HM
Woodsmen and railroaders comprised the sparse population of the Embarrass area until the late 1800s, when a permanent community was established by Finnish immigrants. In 1905, Embarrass Township was incorporated, and the Finnish settlers began to . . . — — Map (db m127864) HM
The Embarrass Cooperative Association was formed in 1909 by a small group of residents in response to economic insecurity and low prices for their produce. It sold food, supplies, clothing, hardware, and even forest and farm products on behalf of . . . — — Map (db m127865) HM
Times were tough in the life of an immigrant farmer in northeastern Minnesota. Subsistence farming was a way of life that had gone on for centuries in Finland. Immigrants knew what was needed to survive in the harsh climate of the area. All family . . . — — Map (db m127866) HM
The most characteristic feature of the Finnish homestead is the sauna (pronounced "sow-na"), a place for family and friends to share what they considered to be the "well spring" of life and health. To Finnish homesteaders, the sauna was more than . . . — — Map (db m127862) HM
A drop of rain water falling here in the Giants Range, a rare three-way continental divide, may flow either north into icy Hudson Bay, east into the Atlantic Ocean, or south into the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
From the north slope of . . . — — Map (db m3048) HM
A tribute to John Mariucci
ATHLETE–COACH–LEADER
Who through the force of his unique personality and determination, laid the foundation for the great U. S. Olympic hockey championships. His belief in the . . . — — Map (db m2872) HM
“Politics is not just about power and money games, politics is about the improvement of peoples lives, about lessening human suffering in our world and bringing about more peace and justice.”
Near this site on October 25, . . . — — Map (db m2891) HM
In honor of all men and women who served our country Fallen But Not Forgotten Fred Federschuk – WWI • Arnold Rahja – WWII • Henry Roos – Korea • Chester Salmela – WWII • Walter Wuotila – Korea • George M. Hokkanen – WWII • Walfred Sako – WWII • . . . — — Map (db m253676) WM
This memorial is dedicated to
peace and to man's search for it.
...and they shall beat their swords into plowshares,
...Nation shall not lift up sword against Nation,
neither shall they learn war anymore.
. . . — — Map (db m43710) HM
The giant 170 ton production truck in front of you was donated by Hibbing Taconite in 1998. It was originally purchased in 1975 at a price of $451,900 and operated for a total of 110,000 hours or an equivalent of 12.5 continuous years. During the . . . — — Map (db m7088) HM
The heart of any city is its business district. In Hibbing, this was on Pine Street and also on Third Avenue.
Many varieties of shops were available to satisfy the community's needs.
People came from the many small locations and other . . . — — Map (db m5145) HM
This library was donated to Hibbing by Andrew C. Carnegie. Mr. Carnegie was a financier who made his fortune in steel.
The library was finer than many in larger cities. It had all the major books available at the time.
When the building . . . — — Map (db m5184) HM
Constructed as a “new business center”, the Congdon-McIntyre Building housed “31 spacious, well-lighted and ventilated offices and rooms equipped with all modern conveniences.” Pharmacists Congdon and McIntyre relocated their . . . — — Map (db m126664) HM
For service beyond the call of duty as a Boy Scout and soldier of his country. His Boy Scout good turn included five years daily service to a blind man,1946-1951. He served with the U.S. Army from 1951 until he gave his life for his country on a . . . — — Map (db m126666) HM WM
1892.
Dedicated to the memory of the early Finnish pioneers who helped to build this community.
The Minnesota Finnish-American Historical Society, Chapter 14, Hibbing, Minnesota.
1957 — — Map (db m3108) HM
The Finnish people were one of the first ethnic groups to arrive in this area in the late 1890's and early 1900's.
They built this building on this site in 1909. It was used for stage plays, dances and other social events put on for the Finnish . . . — — Map (db m5144) HM
Frank Hibbing was a German immigrant who came to Minnesota from Wisconsin, arriving on the Mesaba Range in 1892. He had heard that iron ore was discovered in Mt. Iron in 1890.
He recognized the possibilities of iron ore further to the west.
. . . — — Map (db m5146) HM
Born in Pennsylvania, 1820; Died in Duluth, 1902.
First permanent settler. In 1852 resided and traded on Minnesota Point. Government surveyor. Discovered iron ore before 1870 on Vermilion. Discovery of Missabe Range followed in 1890. Built . . . — — Map (db m2840) HM
Tires displayed here were for the 170 and 240 ton capacity production mine trucks used at Hibbing Taconite Company immediately to the north of this view site.
The tires for the 170-ton trucks are mounted on wheels that are 4.25 feet in diameter . . . — — Map (db m27363) HM
A triple point, or triple divide, is the place where two continental divides intersect and water drains into three different watersheds. Five widely-recognized triple divides exist in the United States, including: Triple Divide Peak, Montana, The . . . — — Map (db m27715) HM
Immediately to the north and extending approximately 3½ miles east to west is the open pit known as the Hull-Rust Mahoning Mine, begun in 1895. In fact, over the past 100 years of mining here, more than thirty separate mining companies have . . . — — Map (db m6776) HM
It has been called the “Grand Canyon of the North”—a fitting title for the world’s largest open pit iron mine. The Hull-Rust-Mahoning pit actually began as separate mines, named for their owners, first dug in 1895, that gradually merged into one. . . . — — Map (db m2833) HM
In
abiding love,
gratitude,
and honor,
the people of
Hibbing
dedicate this
memorial to
the men and
women who
served
their country
in all wars.
Erected 1956 A.D. by the Veterans Memorial Fund Committee • Robert J. . . . — — Map (db m26554) HM
In the 1950's the Pierce, South Agnew and Morton mines utilized a Marion 1150 Dragline to strip off the glacial till from above the iron ore body. This stripping bucket was on that Hanna Mining Company dragline. Several of the mining companies took . . . — — Map (db m122404) HM
Many of the homes were not owned by the occupants. When it came time to move them, they were offered the opportunity to buy the house for $1.00.
They would then have to arrange to move them at their own expense. Many businesses were also . . . — — Map (db m5139) HM
With the mining activities expanding and the village of Hibbing's population growing, there was a lack of entertainment for the miners, so the Oliver Iron Mining Company constructed a building which was once known as the Oliver Club.
It had a . . . — — Map (db m5185) HM
Oliver Mining Co. Headquarters
This building was the heart of the Oliver operation, the largest iron ore mining operation in United States history. The Superintendent of Mines and his staff made the day-to-day mining decisions here, and they . . . — — Map (db m5132) HM
The production shovel bucket here was once mounted on a P & H shovel similar to the one pictured here.
The bucket capacity is 18 cubic yards which is equivalent to nearly 400 bushel baskets of dirt or broken rock.
Made of cast alloy iron, . . . — — Map (db m7021) HM
Education was very important to the new immigrants. They wanted their children to have an education that they were unable to have.
From small schools in the early years to bigger and better schools such as the Lincoln High School that was on . . . — — Map (db m5183) HM
Chinese immigrant entrepreneur, Simm Sue opened the Nankin, a “high class Chinese Restaurant” and hotel on this site in 1922. Hibbing, like many Iron Range towns, had small enclaves of Chinese business owners and laborers. Pan Wen Ping, . . . — — Map (db m126663) HM
On a Thursday, May 14, 1914 the first day of operations the men made $11.50. The second day they cleared $7.50. Three days later on a Saturday, they made $20.00 after expenses. The birth of a transportation system was started. They named it . . . — — Map (db m100670) HM
Train Depot
Early passenger service was by train. Hibbing's Train Depot was one block west of this spot. Many immigrants seeking work arrived here and many of these same men left from this same depot to serve their new country during World . . . — — Map (db m5137) HM
In 1895 underground mining began in the Hibbing area following the discovery of iron ore. The Burt-Poole and Sellers mines were the first to ship that summer. Mining Captains, of Cornish decent, utilized their experience from the Vermillion Iron . . . — — Map (db m6877) HM
On June 3rd, 1890, E.J. Longyear at this site completed to a depth of 1293 ft., the first diamond drill test hole for iron ore in the state of Minnesota
Dedicated to the memory of Dorthea and Richard P. Longyear — — Map (db m106643) HM
Approximately 1,400 feet from this point, the first diamond drill hole in the state of Minnesota was sunk in 1890. E. J. Longyear began drilling June 3, 1890 and completed operations on the hole December 9, 1890. Reaching a depth of 1293 feet, . . . — — Map (db m106642) HM
On May 27, 1890 E.J. Longyear established a tent camp for his crew and himself near the tripod of the drill. He brought his bride to the drill site in September 1890. Constructed on the hill was a two room building made of rough pine boards from a . . . — — Map (db m106640) HM
This piece of rock is from the lower part of the Upper Slaty Member-Biwabik Formation. The rock consists of thin wavy beds of magnetite—magnetic, black fine grained argillite & irregular shaped pods or lenses of chert/silicate. This rock is . . . — — Map (db m106645)
The Cloquet-Moose Lake forest fire of October 12-13, 1918, which almost reached this location, was one of the most destructive forest fires in Minnesota's recorded history. Like other major fires, this one took place on cutover land- the stumps . . . — — Map (db m228645) HM
Originally a road switcher for use at Proctor Yard and Duluth ore dock operations of the DM&N R.R. It was then transferred to the O.I.M. Co. for mining and stripping operations at various Iron Range mines. Last used in the Mt. Iron Open Pit Ore Mine . . . — — Map (db m155588) HM
The Merritt Brothers made the first discovery of iron ore on the Mesabi Range in 1890, declaring it a "mountain of iron." With this find, their prospectors' camp lost its temporary aspect and began to swell in size and importance. On October 17, . . . — — Map (db m155585) HM
This is magnetic TACONITE — part of Minnesota's iron formation and in many ways similar to other iron-bearing materials found in the United States and throughout the world. Forty years of work in mining firms' laboratories and at the University of . . . — — Map (db m155587) HM
This short trail leads you through the Voyageur Forest. The ups and downs of the landform create a diversity of forest types. On the dry rocky ridge tops and rocky shorelines, the forest is dominated by pines Lower on the hillside in soils . . . — — Map (db m154712) HM
The 225 was purchased by the Duluth Missabe and Iron Range Railway Co. in June of 1941 and hauled over 44 million tons of iron ore from the Mesabi and Vermillion ranges.
The length of the engine and tender is 127 feet 8 inches, and stands over . . . — — Map (db m78615) HM
Dedicated in memory of
Sherman L. Gonyea
Capt. Minn ANG
1937 - 1971
James L. Verville
Capt. Minn ANG
1940 - 1971
who died in the crash of their F-101 jet interceptor on 17 December 1971 and so gave their lives for that . . . — — Map (db m78612) WM
Lake Superior is situated over the Midcontinent Rift, which is a rupture in the North American continent that formed a great rift valley from the Lake Superior region southwest to Kansas about 1.1 billion years ago. For about 20 million years as the . . . — — Map (db m5113) HM
More than three billion tons of iron ore, along with millions of tons of grain, lumber, fish, and coal, have passed through the Duluth-Superior harbor since the beginning of Minnesota’s Iron Age. The first ore from the rich Mesabi Range left the . . . — — Map (db m3094) HM
1976
Stainless Steel
David von Schlegell (1920 – 1992)
The stainless steel sculpture functions as a metaphor, tying the horizontal lines of the land and Lake Superior, which are both very visible from this location, together . . . — — Map (db m4756) HM
Minnesota’s iron mining industry was born here in 1884, and the opening of this mine was one of the great commercial events of the nineteenth century. The first ore was shipped from the Breitung pit of the Soudan Mine on July 31, 1884, beginning . . . — — Map (db m143711) HM
This property has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior Old Fire Hall 1895 — — Map (db m143706) HM
On October 28, 1865, geologist Henry H. Eames returned to St. Paul after initiating a survey of the mineral wealth present in the Lake Vermilion area only to find an abundance of rumors concerning a valuable gold strike on the shores of that . . . — — Map (db m313350) HM
Named for Charlemagne Tower, one of the developers of the Vermilion Range and Duluth and Iron Range Railroad. It was incorporated as a village in 1884 and as a city in 1889. A saw mill was established here in 1882.
An Indian settlement was . . . — — Map (db m207695) HM
When iron ore was discovered on the Vermilion Range, Charlemagne Tower, Sr., George Stone, Charlemagne Tower, Jr., and George Stuntz formed the Minnesota Iron Company and acquired the Duluth and Iron Range Railway (D&IR). In 1883, they constructed a . . . — — Map (db m127863) HM
This steam locomotive was one of 12, received from the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1910, used by the Duluth, and Iron Range Railway (as number 218) and later by the Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway (as number 1218) to haul righ iron ore from . . . — — Map (db m107204) HM
Gunnar Peterson (1880–1951) was Virginia's first horticulturalist, hired in 1926. He became renowned for his elaborate flower beds at this location. Born in Sweden, he learned landscape architecture under his father and grandfather and . . . — — Map (db m106383) HM
Hokka immigrated to this country in 1913. Using skills learned in Finland, he constructed this building with locked dovetail corners.
Donated by John Trenti and Robert Berger, 1980 — — Map (db m106385) HM
The Laurentian Divide separates the watershed of streams that flow north to the Arctic Ocean from the watershed of streams that flow south through the Great lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. Where you are standing the divide is formed by a prominent . . . — — Map (db m183138) HM
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