On Cumberland Valley Rail-Trail 0.2 miles south of North Prince Street, on the right when traveling north.
This Baltimore and Ohio Railroad coal hopper is a model W-2A and is the only known survivor of a car that once dominated North America. The car was salvaged from a train wreck that occurred in the 1950s near Sykesville, PA.
Moving Coal . . . — — Map (db m242188) HM
On South Avenue west of South 27th Street, on the right when traveling east.
By the 1850s, railroads surpassed waterways as the most efficient mode of transportation and shipping. Trains could haul up to three times as much cargo as boats in a fraction of the time. The many trains that chugged through and around . . . — — Map (db m212821) HM
On Schuylkill River Trail 0.1 miles north of Walnut Street, on the right when traveling south.
The ability to quickly and inexpensively transport supplies, finished goods, and food by rail revolutionized life in Philadelphia in the 1800s. Construction of new rail lines also crated jobs, from building train parts to laying the tracks. . . . — — Map (db m192690) HM
On Penn Avenue (Pennsylvania Route 601) north of Blacks Hill Road (Local Route 735), on the right when traveling north.
Boswell was named in honor of Thomas Taylor Boswell, President of the Merchants Coal Company in Baltimore, Maryland. Thomas T. Boswell was born in 1859 in Herny County, Virginia and arrived in Baltimore, Maryland with his parents in 1874 at the . . . — — Map (db m310845) HM
Near Scratch Hill Road 0.2 miles north of Glade City Road ( Route 2006), on the left when traveling north.
Wendel Bollman was a pioneer iron bridge builder in America. At fourteen he marched in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's 1828 inaugural parade, and the next year he helped lay the first track as a B&O carpenter. He first taught himself to build . . . — — Map (db m251830) HM
On South Boundary Avenue Southwest west of Laurens Street Southwest, on the left when traveling west.
The Solution
Engineers of the Charleston to Hamburg railroad built an Inclined Plane just like this to overcome the steep slope down to Hamburg.
What Exactly Is an Inclined Plane?
An inclined plane is a simple machine that . . . — — Map (db m292049) HM
On Prince Street east of South Columbus Street, on the right when traveling east.
A private residence listed in the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior. Registered as a Virginia Historic Landmark by the Virginia Board of Historic Resources.
Thomas Swann House, 1802-1833. . . . — — Map (db m145963) HM
Near Mclaughlin Street 0.1 miles Glasgow Street, on the left when traveling west.
This train station, built in 1883, marked the local terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio (and later the Chesapeake and Ohio) Line. The station was moved from its original site to its current location in 2004, making way for Washington and Lee . . . — — Map (db m172852) HM
On Moses Mill Road north of Jordan Point Road, on the left when traveling north.
Lexington, Buena Vista, and Rockbridge County were served by two major north/south railroads: The Valley Railroad, later the Baltimore and Ohio RR, into Lexington and the Shenandoah Valley RR, later the Norfolk and Western RR, into Buena Vista. . . . — — Map (db m257905) HM
On Old Wheatland Road (Virginia Route 698) at Milltown Road ( Route 681), on the right when traveling east on Old Wheatland Road.
Beginning in the 1730s, Waterford's residents developed productive farms, a series of mills, and a transportation network. By the early 1800s, Thomas Phillips, an enterprising Quaker, farmed the land in front of you.
To ensure access to the . . . — — Map (db m143137) HM
On East King Street (Virginia Route 55) 0.1 miles east of Acton Place, on the right when traveling east. Reported missing.
The railroad tracks before you follow the route of the Manassas Gap Railroad, which reached Strasburg from Washington, D.C., in 1854. The line was a vital link between the Shenandoah Valley and eastern markets. Strasburg became strategically . . . — — Map (db m2323) HM
On College Hill Drive, on the right when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
On June 2, 1861, Federal troops advanced on Philippi from the Baltimore & Ohio rail hub at Grafton in two columns of about 1500 men each. The left column, under Col. Benjamin Kelley, took the train six miles east to Thornton, and then marched . . . — — Map (db m211560) HM
On East Race Street east of North Spring Street, on the left when traveling east.
The roundhouse is the sole surviving cast-iron framed roundhouse and is an important example of mid-19th century industrial building design. Designed by Albert Fink, in collaboration with Benjamin H. Latrobe, it represents an early use of . . . — — Map (db m1199) HM
On East Race Street east of North Spring Street, on the left when traveling east.
The re-construction of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Roundhouse and Shop Complex commenced soon after the end of the American Civil War in 1865. This complex included two roundhouses and two significant shop buildings. The centerpiece of the . . . — — Map (db m167682) HM
On East Martin Street east of North Spring Street, on the left when traveling east.
This is one of the last surviving antebellum buildings in the area. It was constructed shortly after the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad reached Martinsburg in 1842. The adjacent railroad yards twice were Confederate Gen. Thomas J. Stonewall . . . — — Map (db m280723) HM
On West King Street (U.S. 11) at South Queen Street (State Highway 45) on West King Street.
Martinsburg, strategically located on the Valley Turnpike (present day U.S. Route 11) and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was a major transportation center and the northern gateway to the Shenandoah Valley. Both sides contested for it frequently . . . — — Map (db m167591) HM
On East Commerce Street just north of East race Street, on the right when traveling north. Reported permanently removed.
In April 1861, as the Civil War erupted, Confederate forces seized the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Harpers Ferry west. On May 24, Gen. Joseph
E. Johnston ordered Col. Thomas J. (later Stonewall) Jackson to destroy
the rolling stock here . . . — — Map (db m149430) HM
On East Race Street at Commerce Street, on the left when traveling east on East Race Street.
In April 1861, as the Civil War erupted, Confederate forces seized the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Harpers Ferry west. On May 24, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston ordered Col. Thomas J. (later "Stonewall") Jackson to destroy the rolling stock here at . . . — — Map (db m282715) HM
Roundhouses and Shops. The B&O Railroad reached Martinsburg in 1842,
and by 1849, a roundhouse and shops were
built. These first buildings were burned by
Confederate troops in 1862. The present west
roundhouse and the two shops were built . . . — — Map (db m1197) HM
On East Burke Street just west of Swartz Street, on the left when traveling west.
Looking Upstream and Northeast at the Colonnade Bridge, Circa 1860
In 1849, the Baltimore and Ohio established its railroad shops in Martinsburg and erected here two most noteworthy roundhouses and workshop buildings. The B&O erected a . . . — — Map (db m148872) HM
On East King Street at South Queen Street (U.S. 11), in the median on East King Street.
The Founder
Born around 1720 in Scotland, Stephen received a surgeon's degree from the University of Edinburgh in 1746. He came to America in 1748, settling in Fredericksburg, Va., where he practiced as a doctor. In 1754 he joined the Virginia . . . — — Map (db m167510) HM
On Hammonds Mill Road (West Virginia Route 901) at Harlan Springs Road (County Route 1), on the right when traveling west on Hammonds Mill Road. Reported permanently removed.
Dr. Allen C. Hammond constructed this Greek Revival-style house about 1838. During the Civil War, both sides used it periodically for a headquarters or a hospital. The war ruined Hammond, a strong Southern sympathizer.
In October 1859, . . . — — Map (db m154839) HM
On Hammonds Mill Road (West Virginia Route 901) at Harlan Springs Road (County Route 1), on the right when traveling west on Hammonds Mill Road.
The house you see, built by Dr. Allen C. Hamond in 1838, has survived Civil War and a 1978 fire. The 1860s conflict, however, brought irreparable personal loss to the Southern-sympathizing Hammonds. In October 1859, when Hammond's son George . . . — — Map (db m258595) HM
On 11th Street south of Veterans Memorial Boulevard (U.S. 60), on the left when traveling south.
B&O Railroad Depot. Passenger station completed 1887, freighthouses 1890 with additions 1898, 1911 & 1916. B&O, oldest U.S. line, acquired in 1901. Superior location in business district gave B&O edge over C&O in city.
Heritage Village. . . . — — Map (db m213392) HM
On Laurel Dale Road (West Virginia Route 93) at Presbyterian Church Road (County Route 1), on the right when traveling south on Laurel Dale Road. Reported permanently removed.
On April 20, 1863, Confederate Gens. William E. "Grumble" Jones and John D. Imboden began a raid on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Virginia through present-day West Virginia. Taking separate routes, they later reported that they . . . — — Map (db m252268) HM
On Presbyterian Church Road (County Road 1) at Laurel Dale Road (State Route 93), on the right when traveling west on Presbyterian Church Road.
On April 20, 1863, Confederate Gens. William E. "Grumble" Jones and John D. Imboden began a raid on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Virginia through present-day West Virginia. Taking separate routes, they later reported that they . . . — — Map (db m253234) HM
On Northwestern Turnpike (Route 50) just east of Stoney Lonesome Road, on the right when traveling east.
On June 13, 1861, Col. Lew Wallace (11th Indiana Infantry) led a raid against Southern forces occupying Romney. Wallace passed through the Mechanicsburg Gap and took South Branch Bridge. The Rebel retreat from Romney forced Gen. Johnston to abandon . . . — — Map (db m150660) HM
Romney in 1861–1865. Sitting astride the natural invasion route from the Shenandoah Valley to the Potomac and the B. & O. Railroad, Romney was scourged by both armies. No great battles were fought here, but during the War the town . . . — — Map (db m159297) HM
On North Main Street (U.S. 220) at Winchester Avenue (Old Route 55) on North Main Street. Reported permanently removed.
This house was constructed about 1853 for Samuel A. McMechen, merchant, father of five daughters and deacon of Moorefield Presbyterian Church up the street on your right. The attached McMechen Store, on the right, predates the house. A . . . — — Map (db m47831) HM
On North Main Street (U.S. 220) just north of Winchester Avenue (Old Route 55), on the right when traveling north.
This house was constructed about 1853 for Samuel A. McMechen, merchant, father of five daughters and deacon of Moorefield Presbyterian Church up the street on your right. The attached McMechen Store, on the right, predates the house. A . . . — — Map (db m153029) HM
On Lost Creek Road (County Route 25) at West Milford Road ( Highway 270), on the left when traveling north on Lost Creek Road.
Built 1892, following the completion of railroad in 1887. Lost Creek grew to become largest shipping point for cattle in West Virginia in 1915 and on entire B & O system, east of Mississippi in 1923. — — Map (db m35331) HM
On South Pike Street (U.S. 19) south of Richards Avenue, on the right when traveling south.
The B&O Railroad constructed this 6-sided communications booth at the Ehelen-Solon siding, near the Vincent Lumber Company, as part of its private phone rail
communications system. A booth operator could call from one of 10 sidings between . . . — — Map (db m177416) HM
On Potomac Street, on the right when traveling west.
Passengers in the late 1800s would have instantly recognized this building as the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad station. Known for their distinctive style and red-and-brown color scheme, the B&O designed their stations to give customers a . . . — — Map (db m70782) HM
Near Potomac Street 0.1 miles north of Shenandoah Street, on the right when traveling north.
The B&O Railroad constructed this embankment in the 1890s, covering a large section of the original armory site and elevating their train tracks above flood levels. — — Map (db m143945) HM
On High Street east of Church Street, on the left when traveling west.
Built in 1826 as a private residence, this Federal style house was acquired by the War Department in 1837 and became U.S. Armory dwelling No. 55. Jefferson Davis signed the deed in 1852 when the government sold the house to Armory worker James . . . — — Map (db m148859) HM
Work on the railroad and canal progressed slowly at first, but by 1834 both companies had completed construction to a point opposite Harpers Ferry. The canal had won the race to this point and it continued up the Maryland side of the Potomac. . . . — — Map (db m12062) HM
Rail transportation in the United States began in Baltimore, Maryland on July 4, 1828, when Charles Carroll, the only living signer of the Declaration of Independence, laid the cornerstone of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
On the same day . . . — — Map (db m12060) HM
On Route 9 Bike Path 0.2 miles north of Leetown Road (County Road 1), on the right when traveling north.
Shepherdstown and Smithfield Turnpike Tollhouse/John Fox House
Immediately west of Rellim Farm is a mid-19th century log dwelling, and the only known surviving toll house on the old Shepherdstown and Smithfield Turnpike (previously Leetown . . . — — Map (db m148880) HM
On North Fairfax Boulevard at East Beltline Avenue, on the right when traveling south on North Fairfax Boulevard.
Why is Beltline Avenue named Beltline? In order to expedite access to rail service, directors of the Charlestown Mining, Manufacturing, and improvement Company had a rail line (known as a belt line) built along what is now Beltline Avenue which . . . — — Map (db m249903) HM
On Melvin Road (County Road 17/2) 0.1 miles Flowing Springs Road (County Road 17), on the right when traveling east.
This station structure was erected in 1839 by landowner Richard Duffield, in cooperation with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. It is the oldest surviving purpose-built freight/passenger rail station in the United States, and is listed on the . . . — — Map (db m157741) HM
The Federal offensive in the Shenandoah Valley begun in May 1864 faltered in the summer with Confederate victories and Gen. Jubal A. Early's Washington Raid in July. Union Gen. Philip H. Sheridan took command in August, defeated Early at . . . — — Map (db m206976) HM
On Charles Town Road (County Route 115/5) south of Luther Jones Road (County Route 16/4), on the right when traveling south.
The Hockensmith Apple Storage Building, constructed circa 1900-1910, is one of the few remaining commercial buildings in the area reflecting the Eastern Panhandle's significant orchard industry. The area's underlying limestone bedrock forms a red . . . — — Map (db m207033) HM
On Lafayette Avenue (West Virginia Route 2) at 12th Street, on the right when traveling south on Lafayette Avenue.
At Rosbys Rock (5 Mi. E.) Dec. 24, 1852, the B. & O. Railroad joined the Baltimore and Wheeling with the first continuous railroad from the Atlantic to the Ohio, after such engineering feats as building 11 tunnels and 113 bridges. — — Map (db m21074) HM
On North Water Street at Patrick Street, on the right when traveling north on North Water Street.
The Baltimore and Ohio, (B & O), trains stopped at New Creek Station, as Keyser was known during the Civil War. The first Depot was across the tracks from and near Southern States store. Passengers could stop over, enjoy meals and stay in the New . . . — — Map (db m196554) HM
On April 20, 1863, Confederate Gens. William E. Grumble Jones and John D. Imboden began a raid from Virginia through present-day West Virginia on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Taking separate routes, they later reported that they . . . — — Map (db m117118) HM
On Garrett Street north of University Avenue (U.S. 119), on the left when traveling north.
After several abortive attempts to connect the "V" that the B&O cut through North Central West Virginia, the Morgantown and Kingwood Railroad (M&K) began construction in July 1899 under the direction of local resident George Sturgiss before being . . . — — Map (db m235290) HM
On U.S. 522 at River Road, on the right when traveling south on U.S. 522.
From this point, "Stonewall" Jackson shelled Hancock, Md., Jan 5, 1862. After destroying supplies, the B&O Railway track and the bridge over the Great Cacapon, Jackson marched his army of 8,500 men to Romney and captured it, January 14. — — Map (db m13158) HM
On North Washington Street (Route 522) just north of Williams Street, on the right when traveling north.
Berkeley Springs
Train Depot
has been placed on the
National Register
of Historic Places
by the United States
Department of the Interior
1915 — — Map (db m199891) HM
On North Mercer Street just north of Congress Street, on the left when traveling north.
Hugh Walker, owner of other lots in the town, was one of the early owners. This was the site of the "Blue Goose" saloon in the 1890's and the early 1900's. Wooden rails used on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad before the advent of steel rails were . . . — — Map (db m159456) HM
On Sir Johns Run Road (County Road 3) at Slonaker Lane (County Road 3/1), on the left when traveling north on Sir Johns Run Road.
On January 1, 1862, Confederate Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson led four brigades west from Winchester, Va., to secure Romney in the fertile South Branch Valley on the North Western Turnpike. He attacked and occupied Bath on January 4 . . . — — Map (db m159462) HM
On Independence Street at North Mercer Street, on the right when traveling east on Independence Street.
The north end of town has generally seen industrial use including sawmills, canneries, coal and wood yards and sand mines. It was laid out as the Crosfield Addition in the early 1880s. By the end of the decade, Washington St. had been widened. . . . — — Map (db m159449) HM
On Cacapon Road (County Route 9) 2 miles south of Prospect Peak Lane.
On January 1, 1862, Confederate Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson led four brigades west from Winchester, Va., to secure Romney in the fertile South Branch Valley on the North Western Turnpike. He attacked and occupied Bath on January 4 and . . . — — Map (db m58636) HM
On Central Avenue (West Virginia Route 9) just east of Stinebaugh Lane, on the right when traveling east.
The tiny hamlet of Great Cacapon is situated on the western side of Cacapon Mountain on the Potomac River just upstream from its juncture with the Cacapon River. Artifacts of a Native American town circa 1300 AD have been found along the Potomac . . . — — Map (db m148832) HM
On West Virginia Route 9, on the right when traveling west.
Today's View Panorama Overlook marks the north end of Cacapon Mountain's 30-mile march. Composed of Oriskany sandstone, it plunges nearly 1000 feet into the Potomac River, which bends along the base of the Overlook as it heads downstream . . . — — Map (db m167603) HM
On West Virginia Route 9 at Winchester Street, on the right when traveling east on West Virginia Route 9.
Important concentration point of the Union Army from 1861 to 1865. As many as 16,000 Federal troops were encamped here at one time. A blockhouse stood along the tracks of the B&O Railroad at this point. — — Map (db m449) HM
On West Virginia Route 9 at Winchester Street, on the right when traveling east on West Virginia Route 9. Reported unreadable.
The Washington Heritage Trail is a 136-mile national scenic byway inspired by the prominent footsteps of George Washington through the three historic counties of West Virginias Eastern Panhandle. Compelling history, spectacular scenery, geologic . . . — — Map (db m450) HM
On Market Street east of 16th Street ( Route 2), on the right when traveling north.
The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad reached Wheeling on Christmas Eve 1852 and was one of the best presents the city of Wheeling ever received. From that Christmas until the last “All Aboard!” was shouted on June 30, 1961, our city utilized . . . — — Map (db m39785) HM
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Arrived in Wheeling January 13, 1853
Ohio River Railroad
Incorporated in 1881
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway
Incorporated in 1868
Pittsburgh, Wheeling & Kentucky Railway . . . — — Map (db m196412) HM
On State Highway 72, on the right when traveling south.
To S on B&O Railroad is Buckeye Run Viaduct, 136' high, 350' long & 28' wide. Tray Run Viaduct, .6 mi. NW is 148' high, 445' long and 28' wide. Noted engineers Benjamin Latrobe & Albert Fink designed the viaducts. Built 1852 to carry main line, the . . . — — Map (db m33983) HM
On George Washington Highway (U.S. 50) at Hamilton Lane, on the right when traveling south on George Washington Highway.
On April 20, 1863, Confederate Gens. William E. "Grumble" Jones and John D. Imboden began a raid from Virginia through present-day West Virginia on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Taking separate routes, they later reported that they . . . — — Map (db m235168) HM
On Railroad Avenue at 3rd Street, on the right when traveling south on Railroad Avenue.
You are standing at the heart of the first campaign of America's Civil War, looking west toward Rich Mountain. Late in May 1861, Gen. George B. McClellan moved troops across the Ohio River "to secure Western Virginia for the Union" and to protect . . . — — Map (db m23238) HM
On Main Street (West Virginia Route 74) just south of Collins Avenue, on the left when traveling north.
Constructed in two phases: east end construction circa 1883; east end remodeled and west end constructed circal 1900. The depot closed in 1974. The last passenger train passed through in the Spring of 1981.
Restoration began in the early . . . — — Map (db m42243) HM
Near Latrobe Street at Beech Street (U.S. 119), on the right when traveling east.
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad reached Grafton on January 11, 1852 and thus a railroad town was born. During the Civil War, Grafton's importance on the supply line made it a target for Confederate troops although they were never able to hold it. . . . — — Map (db m180674) HM
On East Main Street (U.S. 119) at Barrett Street (County Route 9), on the left when traveling west on East Main Street.
Chartered 1827 to connect Baltimore to the Ohio River, the railway was completed to Wheeling in 1852. Used to move Union troops and supplies during the Civil War, its strategic importance made the B&O the target of destructive Confederate . . . — — Map (db m175612) HM
On East Main Street (U.S. 119) at Luzadder Street, on the right when traveling east on East Main Street.
In 1911, the Baltimore firm of JD Walsh and Son was contracted to build a new Baltimore & Ohio Passenger Station on land donated by Colonel John T. McGraw
The station was dedicated on August 22, 1911 with a large crowd in attendance. . . . — — Map (db m176346) HM
On West Main Street (U.S. 119) just west of St. John Street, on the right when traveling west.
In earlier days, this was the site of the mayor's office, city council chambers and Edward Berbig's cobbler shop. Berbig connected Grafton to another
significant moment in history, having served in the French army under Napoleon in his youth. . . . — — Map (db m176389) HM
On West Main Street (U.S. 119) west of St. John Street, on the right when traveling west. Reported unreadable.
Grafton was a key transportation hub in Western Virginia. The Northwestern Virginia Railroad went to Parkersburg nearly 100 miles west. At Grafton, the Northwestern Virginia Railroad joined the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O). On the B&O, the . . . — — Map (db m305981) HM
On Latrobe Street just east of Beech Street (U.S. 119), on the right when traveling east.
In the early days of Grafton, Latrobe Street was one of the main business thoroughfares. It first developed in the 1850s with the coming of the railroad and was, appropriately, named for Benjamin Latrobe the Baltimore & Ohio engineer who plotted . . . — — Map (db m177421) HM
On North Pike Street (U.S. 50) at West Wifford Street, on the right when traveling west on North Pike Street.
About 500 graves of early Grafton
settlers, dating 1857-1917, are in
old cemetery located on land given
by Sarah Fetterman to St Augustine
Catholic Church. Headstones include
names of Irish and German emigrants.
Buried here is Thomas McGraw, . . . — — Map (db m75019) HM
On East Main Street (U.S. 119) at Luzadder Street, on the right when traveling east on East Main Street.
In 1911, Colonel John T. McGraw contracted JD Walsh and Son to build a modern hotel adjacent to the passenger station being built by the same company. His promise to erect the hotel, along with the donation of the land for the station, was . . . — — Map (db m177574) HM
On Poplar Street 0.1 miles south of Mill Street, on the left when traveling south.
In the spring of 1861, Union forces into northwestern Virginia to secure the vital Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, protect important turnpikes, and support Unionists against Confederates. The two sides fought numerous engagements between June . . . — — Map (db m159726) HM
On Appalachian Highway (West Virginia Route 32), on the right when traveling south.
The Railroad
The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg (WVC&P) (Former Railyard, Tour No. 36) was founded by Henry Gassaway Davis, one of the most important figures in West Virginia history.
Davis began his career as a . . . — — Map (db m153060) HM
On Appalachian Highway (West Virginia Route 32), in the median.
Coal and Its Impact on Thomas
The history of the coal industry is inextricable from the development of the Thomas Commercial Historic District. If the Davis brothers had not invested in coal mining and transportation in the area, the town . . . — — Map (db m153089) HM
Near Hornet Highway (U.S. 250) near Pennsylvania Avenue ( Route 69).
The East Wetzel Trail is built on the bed of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. The line connecting Cumberland, MD to Wheeling, VA (later WV) was completed on Christmas Eve 1852. This route, over the Alleghenies, was the most challenging mountain . . . — — Map (db m237519) HM
On 34th Street at Jackson Park Drive, on the left when traveling east on 34th Street.
Railroad of Record: Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
Class: 1-5d
Manufactured by: B&O Railroad in Washington, IN
Date Built: Circa 1929
Caboose Facts:
1. A caboose is a manned North American railroad car coupled at the end of a freight . . . — — Map (db m302257) HM
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