Civil War Dead
An estimated 700,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Civil War between April 1861 and April 1865. As the death toll rose, the U.S. government struggled with the urgent but unplanned need to bury fallen Union . . . — — Map (db m196495) HM
Battle of Glendale
Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia in June 1862. His first actions were a series of assaults on Union forces that were moving toward Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. . . . — — Map (db m196490) HM
World War I and II veterans organized the Glen Allen American Legion Post 244 in 1946. Sheppard Crump, a member of the First Caucus of the American Legion and later the Adjutant General of Virginia was the first Commander. Dr. Alexander McLeod, . . . — — Map (db m25364) HM
Anderson Cemetery, circa 1867, is one of the earliest African American cemeteries in the Yellow Tavern area. William Kennedy, clerk of Mount Olive Baptist Church, formed the Sons of Jacob, a fraternal organization which pledged “to attend . . . — — Map (db m115642) HM
On May 11th, 1864, 12,000 Union troops under the command of General Philip Sheridan faced 4,000 Confederate cavalrymen commanded by General J.E.B. Stuart. After a day of intense fighting, Sheridan attacked on the high ground and successfully took . . . — — Map (db m155547) HM
On 11 May, 1864, Confederate cavalry commanded by Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart chose ground just east of here to engage Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, who was advancing on Richmond by way of Mountain Road. Outnumbered three to one, . . . — — Map (db m3717) HM
In the early years of operation, RF&P railroads derived little revenue from its freight service. Most goods were transported by river and then by wagon.
After the Civil War, the railroad was joined with others to form a national system. . . . — — Map (db m25372) HM
The first Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad (RF&P) cabooses were wooden construction built as early as 1904. Over the years, they were modified to keep them in service or sold.
The RF&P purchased its first modern, all steel . . . — — Map (db m25373) HM
The African-American school most likely took its name from the nearby Springfield Coal Pits. The one room school established about 1905 was once supervised by Virginia Estelle Randolph, the eminent black educator. It had forty-six students by 1913. . . . — — Map (db m27100) HM
Before there were gas stations, motorists would get a drum of fuel from an industrial depot, bring it home, and store it. Soon after, consumers got their gasoline at the blacksmith shops and hardware and grocery stores. Still others received . . . — — Map (db m24597) HM
The 1920s were the boom years for construction of gas stations in the United States due to an increase of cars, improved roads and low gas prices. By 1929, there were 143,000 "filling" stations across the nation. Many were built in the "House with . . . — — Map (db m36266) HM
This two-room schoolhouse opened in 1902. Its predecessor, Stand Spring School, had been destroyed by fire the previous year. The school was in use until 1911 offering seven grades of instruction. Wood stoves provided heat for the structure, and the . . . — — Map (db m9121) HM
Echo Lake was formed in the mid-19th century from Meredith Branch a 3.5-mile between Broad Street and the Chickahominy Swamp. During the late 1800s, the lake powered a flour mill. Echo Lake earned its name because you could hear your voice echo when . . . — — Map (db m27099) HM
John Cussons built Forest Lodge as a resort along the Richmond, Fredericksburg, & Potomac Railroad where it intersects with Mountain Road in Glen Allen. The luxurious hotel had 125 rooms and stood six stories high. It took six years to build and . . . — — Map (db m24601) HM
This Belvedere, meaning "beautiful view" was one of three Forest Lodge towers. Forest Lodge, constructed in the 1880s by Captain John Cussons, was a six-story hotel on 1000 acres in Glen Allen, west of the railroad tracks. Cussons created gardens, a . . . — — Map (db m36268) HM
Called Mountain Road Crossing when rail service began in 1836, the settlement which came to be known as Glen Allen took its name from the homestead of a local landowner, Mrs. Benjamin Allen. Its most noted resident was Captain John Cussons, a native . . . — — Map (db m15821) HM
The Reverend Alexander Sands organized the Glen Allen Baptist Church on February 23,1868. The Congregation first met in a rose arbor nearby belonging to Mrs. Susan Sheppard Allen. On July 4,1868, the new church held a feast and raised $400 to build . . . — — Map (db m24568) HM
In 1886, Elizabeth Jane Holladay established the first Glen Allen School when she began teaching children in her home. In 1899, the school was moved to a one-room building on Mountain Road. It was relocated to Old Washington Highway in 1911. . . . — — Map (db m24570) HM
John Cussons, the son of John and Elizabeth (Jackson) Cussons, was born in Hornscastle, Lincolnshire, England in 1838. His adventurous spirit led him to America in 1855 and he spent four years in the Northwest living with the Sioux Indians.
In . . . — — Map (db m24599) HM
Rededicated this day, June 11, 2012 to the men and women of the US Armed Force who have sacrificed so much in the defense of liberty.
Cast in bronze and copper, gilded in 24k gold, the Liberty Golden Eagle proudly soars atop Jefferson Hall, a . . . — — Map (db m133725) WM
This monument, erected in memory of Major General James Ewell Brown Stuart, C.S.A., by his cavalrymen about thirty feet from the spot where he fell mortally wounded on May 11, 1864, was dedicated June 18, 1888, by the Governor of Virginia, . . . — — Map (db m202681) HM
In 1947 the Maybelle Carter family bought the home at 4101 Old Springfield Road here in Glen Allen, Virginia. They performed on local radio stations WRNL-WRVA and the Old Dominion Barn Dance while living in the Richmond area. The daughters . . . — — Map (db m115643) HM
Union Gen. Philip Sheridan used the Mountain Road during his 1864 raid toward Richmond. His lengthy column of 12,000 horsemen passed here on the morning of May 11. The troopers spread out to destroy many miles of railroad track at Ashland, Allen’s . . . — — Map (db m15819) HM
The land comprising Meadow Farm was first patented by William Sheppard in 1713. In 1800, Sheppard family slaves thwarted plans for a well-organized slave uprising known as Gabriel's Insurrection. The farmhouse was built in 1810. Dr. John Mosby . . . — — Map (db m15820) HM
Significant for its ownership by one African-American family dating back to the late 1800s, Mercer Hugh Cosby built the farmhouse in the 1880s on 52-acres. He grew tobacco and had an orchard on the property. The farm passed to his youngest son . . . — — Map (db m64014) HM
This church, originally known Mount Olivet African Church of Baptist, was founded May 2, 1867. Its founding congregants, wanting their own church, moved from local North Run Baptist Church and began meeting on this 1.18 acres site. — — Map (db m115646) HM
This church, originally known Mount Olivet African Church of Baptist, was founded May 2, 1867. Its founding congregants, wanting their own church, moved from local North Run Baptist Church and began meeting on 1.18 acres nearby. As the first . . . — — Map (db m115644) HM
Mountain Road was originally an Indian trail. It became the main thoroughfare from Richmond to Charlottesville in the 1700s. During the American Revolution, the Marquis de Lafayette traveled this road on his march to Yorktown. Thomas Jefferson used . . . — — Map (db m15822) HM
The Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad (RF&P) ran from Richmond to Washington, D.C. With only 113 miles of track, it was one of the shortest in the nation but it was the link between the North and the South. Train service existed 157 years . . . — — Map (db m28944) HM
A group of neighbors, meeting in a cooper shop near the present site, organized a church in 1852. With five dollars, they purchased one acre of land from the estate of Thomas Maxwell and erected the first building in 1855. It was used as a school . . . — — Map (db m25360) HM
The Sheppard's Way subdivision was part of the original 400 acre land grant made to William Sheppard and Richard Baker in 1713. They obtained it through the "Headrights System" by paying for the passage of eight people from England to the Virginia . . . — — Map (db m24569) HM
African-American students attended this two-room 1920s structure. It was one of approximately 22 schools under the supervision of the pioneer educator, Virginia E. Randolph. Multiple grades were taught with students ranging in age from seven to . . . — — Map (db m64015) HM
The Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation built this all-steel coach in 1923. This coach was later modernized and included features such as air conditioning, double-glazed metal windows, cable curtains, and rotating reclining seats with adjustable . . . — — Map (db m28945) HM
One half mile to the to the east, on the old Telegraph Road, is a monument marking the field where General J.E.B. Stuart was mortally wounded on May 11, 1864. The monument was erected by veterans of Stuart’s Cavalry in 1888. — — Map (db m3715) HM
Late in the afternoon of 11 May 1864, Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, the famous Confederate cavalry commander, was mortally wounded just east of here on Old Telegraph Road while rallying the left of his line during the Battle of Yellow Tavern. As three . . . — — Map (db m3718) HM
Government regulations required Railway Post Office cars in 1910. The RF&P owned five. American Car & Foundry built this one in 1916. Some of the first steel cars were postal cars. They were important revenue sources for the railroad. The . . . — — Map (db m28946) HM
The daughter of parents born in slavery, Virginia Randolph (1874-1958) taught in a one-room schoolhouse beginning in 1892. A gifted teacher, she became in 1908 the nation's first Jeanes Supervising Industrial Teacher, a position sponsored by the . . . — — Map (db m25365) HM
Constructed in 1825 for John Walker on Mountain Road, once a major route between Richmond and the western Piedmont of Virginia, Walkerton served as a tavern in 1828 and 1829. Since that time it has been a hotel, store, voting precinct, and private . . . — — Map (db m15823) HM
In the first phase of the Battle of Yellow Tavern on 11 May 1864, Brig. Gen. Williams C. Wickham and his Confederate cavalry were posted just south of this location below Old Francis Road. Wickham's men fired on Brig. Gen. George A. Custer's Union . . . — — Map (db m15848) HM
While Grant and Lee fought at Spotsylvania, Gen. Philip H. Sheridan took 12,000 Federal cavalry on a raid toward Richmond. After destroying a large Confederate supply depot at Beaver Dam Station, Sheridan’s troopers met 4,000 Southern cavalrymen . . . — — Map (db m183307) HM
Around 5:00 p.m. the Confederate attack began when Colonel John B. Gordon’s Alabama brigade emerged from the woods behind you. Over the next three hours 15 Confederate brigades marched into a maelstrom of iron and lead. Union artillery blasted the . . . — — Map (db m46919) HM
This 1865 photograph shows the terrain over which the successful Union assault was made. Note the stumps where trees were removed to open a field of fire for the Confederate gunners. Your present location is in the right center of the photograph. . . . — — Map (db m34711) HM
Beginning just after 4:00 pm and continuing into darkness, charging Confederate infantry made repeated assaults up these gentle slopes. In several places those attacks came within point-blank range of the Union lines. This ground is such a place. . . . — — Map (db m49261) HM
This monument is dedicated
“To the 48th Alabama Regiment
Darbytown Road-August 16, 1864
Where it lost five-sixths of its men and
four-fifths of its officers, and captured
more prisoners than its total, and
did not lose a . . . — — Map (db m66150) HM
The Thomas J. West house stood as a prominent part of the battlefield scene—a goal for attacking Confederates and a landmark along the Union line. Most of the fresh Federal troops marching to the front on July 1 moved past this house, coming . . . — — Map (db m46916) HM
On November 28, 1864, photographer T.C. Roche stood atop the Great Traverse, behind you, and took this remarkable photograph. He produced a rare unposed view of Union and Confederate fighting men in the field, seen together while at war.
A . . . — — Map (db m85467) HM
An African American woman, known only as Aggy, was enslaved at Ryland Randolph's Turkey Island plantation at the time of his death in 1784. Randolph's will provided for freedom and support for Aggy and her children, but the administrators of his . . . — — Map (db m166524) HM
Malvern Hill is barely 900 yards wide here at its narrow crest, leaving room for only a small number of the nearly 200 cannon available to the Union army on July 1. The defenders placed between two and three dozen pieces of artillery across the hill . . . — — Map (db m46917) HM
A march of less than three miles from the Glendale battlefield brought the Confederates to this spot at the foot of Malvern Hill. In earlier times it was a peaceful landscape, but on July 1 a line of Union artillery with infantry supports held the . . . — — Map (db m15200) HM
(sidebar)
In April 1862, Union forces under Gen. George B. McClellan began a major campaign to capture Richmond, marching west from Fort Monroe up the Peninsula between the York and James rivers toward the Confederate capital. A Confederate . . . — — Map (db m32291) HM
The battle of Malvern Hill is best remembered for the series of bold and bloody charges launched here by the Confederate army on July 1, 1862. This one and one-half mile trail offers hikers an opportunity to follow in the footsteps of some of the . . . — — Map (db m14918) HM
In a daring attempt to attack the Federal supply base at City Point, 11 warships of the James River Squadron ventured downriver on the night of January 23, 1865. Confederate land batteries fired against Fort Brady as the darkened warships steamed . . . — — Map (db m164238) HM
The depressions to the right of the trail probably represent former graves of Confederate soldiers. The dead of both armies received hasty battlefield burials. Most were disinterred after the war, with the Union dead going to Glendale National . . . — — Map (db m29393) HM
In 1828, nine people organized a Sunday school in a log schoolhouse, five miles from the Richmond City limits. Students from the Virginia Baptist Seminary, now the University of Richmond, helped it become the Bethlehem Baptist Church. The church . . . — — Map (db m25610) HM
This photograph was made in late fall 1864 within feet of where you now stand. Note the casual posture of these Union soldiers, despite the fact that Confederates were less than 700 yards away. As active operations gave way to winter routine, . . . — — Map (db m32931) HM
The Union attacking force paused briefly to reorganize in the low ground behind you. Then, defying heavy infantry and artillery fire, they lunged toward the steep earth walls of Fort Harrison. From a sketch by noted artist, William Waud. Some of . . . — — Map (db m84993) HM
After capturing Fort Harrison on September 29, men of the 18th Corps concentrated on enlarging the break they had created in the Confederate defenses. Corps commander General E.O.C. Ord fell wounded as some units pushed south toward Fort Hoke. . . . — — Map (db m32932) HM
Captain Thomas Harris came to the Jamestown Colony from England in May 1611 on the ship Prosperous with Sir Thomas Dale. In 1635, a patent was issued to Harris for 750 acres. In 1636 this property was called Longfield and later was known as Curles. . . . — — Map (db m91557) HM
Chatsworth School was built circa 1915 as a one-room schoolhouse for the black children of the Antioch Community. Chatsworth was one of approximately twenty black schools in Henrico County supervised by the visionary educator, Virginia E. Randolph. . . . — — Map (db m25489) HM
He was called Wahunsonacock. The paramount chief of 30 tribes that inhabited over 6000 square miles of Virgini's coastal lands. The father of Pocahontas and the authority who dealt with the first Jamestown colonists. He will always be remembered as . . . — — Map (db m111935) HM
General Robert E. Lee deplored the loss of Fort Harrison and made immediate efforts to recapture it. Lee himself accompanied a large body of reinforcements from Petersburg on September 29. The next afternoon he threw five veteran brigades, numbering . . . — — Map (db m85482) HM
Confederate attacks reached their final fury just before sunset. "The men would rush forward as they were urged," recalled a North Carolinian, "and then it seemed as though the whole line would sway back as a field of corn would before a wind." When . . . — — Map (db m29428) HM
The Confederate plan called for dozens of cannon to gather here and on the Poindexter Farm, nearly a mile to the east (your left). Their combined fire, directed at the Union batteries atop Malvern Hill, would clear the way for an infantry assault up . . . — — Map (db m49259) HM
Confederate troops, aided by slave labor, built these earthworks between 1862 and 1864. By September 1864, over 100 miles of defensive fortifications protected Richmond against attack. After several unsuccessful attempts, Union troops captured Fort . . . — — Map (db m34716) HM
Curles Neck may take its name from the curls of the river or a family of that name. Richard Cocke, the Immigrant, patented land along the James River on the eastern side of the neck in 1636. There he built Bremo, the seat of the Cocke family for six . . . — — Map (db m9243) HM
The Curles Neck peninsula was named for the curls of the James River or for a family of that name. Richard Cocke patented land on the eastern side of the neck in 1636 and built Bremo, where his descendants lived for many generations. Nathaniel Bacon . . . — — Map (db m175922) HM
Founded here in 1742, Deep Run Baptist Church was established as an Episcopal chapel. Modeled after St. John's Church in Richmond, it was constructed in 1749 with wooden pegs and beams that remain part of the present structure. During the . . . — — Map (db m25361) HM
After capturing Fort Harrison on September 29, 1864, Union troops continued their attack against the Confederate lines that connected Fort Harrison to the James River. Here at Fort Hoke a small collection of Virginia artillerists tried valiantly to . . . — — Map (db m15088) HM
On the night of 26-27 July 1864, a Union battle group led by Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock crossed the James River on pontoon bridges a mile south. Hancock intended to attack Confederate defenses below Richmond while the primary Federal force in . . . — — Map (db m24993) HM
This 1930s photograph shows the headquarters for the Richmond Battlefields Park Corporation. That private organization, composed of Richmond citizens, made the first effort to preserve Civil War battlefields around the city. In 1927 they purchased . . . — — Map (db m164292) HM
This log structure was built in 1930 to serve as headquarters for the Battlefield Parks Corporation. This private organization comprised of Richmond citizens, worked to preserve and protect Civil War battlefields around the city. In 1927 the . . . — — Map (db m164294) HM
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Fort Brady
Visiting Richmond National Battlefield Park
The concentration of Civil War resources found in the Richmond area is unparalleled. The National Park Service manages 13 sites, giving visitors an . . . — — Map (db m180911) HM
Before you looms Fort Brady, one of the best-preserved Civil War forts in the National Park Service. Like most of the fortifications built during the Civil War, Fort Brady was made of earth instead of fragile bricks. Dirt could better withstand the . . . — — Map (db m32881) HM
(left panel)
Fort Gilmer
Visiting Richmond National Battlefield Park
The concentration of Civil War resources found in the Richmond area is unparalleled. The National Park Service manages 13 sites, giving visitors an . . . — — Map (db m37244) HM
(left panel)
Fort Harrison
Visiting Richmond National Battlefield Park
The concentration of Civil War resources found in the Richmond area is unparalleled. The National Park Service manages 13 sites, giving visitors an . . . — — Map (db m35191) HM
Fort Harrison stood in 1864 as the most powerful fort in the extensive outer defenses of Richmond. Built on high, open ground, the fort and its surrounding entrenchments were built to protect the approaches to Richmond from the south. The Union . . . — — Map (db m164291) HM
Confederate soldiers built Fort Harrison on this high point of land as part of their scheme to protect the approaches to Richmond. The Union army seized the fort after heavy fighting in September 1864, altered its appearance, and renamed it. The . . . — — Map (db m32921) HM
In the hours following the September 29, 1864, Federal triumph at Fort Harrison, 1,000 yards south of here, Confederate defenses stiffened. Two hundred Georgia infantrymen and Virginia artillerists filled Fort Johnson. Later in the morning they . . . — — Map (db m32933) HM
By November 1864, several thousand African American soldiers, designated as United States Colored Troops or USCT, held Fort Harrison and the nearby earthworks. Many of these men had survived the bloody combat at New Market Heights, Fort Gilmer, and . . . — — Map (db m164295) HM
General-in-Chief Ulysses S. Grant hoped that his men could convert their early morning triumph at Fort Harrison into a sweeping and perhaps decisive victory. He arrived here three hours after the fort's capture to assess progress. Confederate . . . — — Map (db m84994) HM
After tremendous labor in a short period of time, the fort was ready for defense. By mid-October 1864, Company C, 1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery brought several large cannon into the fort and mounted them along the walls facing the James River. The . . . — — Map (db m32883) HM
After capturing Fort Harrison in September 1864, Federal troops built Fort Brady as a defensive post on the James River. In January 1865, Confederate ships attempted to threaten the Federal supply base downriver at City Point. Passing Fort Brady in . . . — — Map (db m15480) HM
Union photographers Andrew J. Russell and T.C. Roche arrived south of Richmond in 1865 and recorded some of the most important images of Fort Brady. This view was taken from the parapet behind you and depicts the fort's fighting battery. In the six . . . — — Map (db m32885) HM
In 1611, Sir Thomas Dale established the second English settlement in the Virginia Colony. Dale named the town Henrico in honor of Henry, Prince of Wales. In 1612, Virginia’s economy was transformed when John Rolfe introduced a new form of tobacco . . . — — Map (db m95893) HM
The armies fought the Battle of Malvern Hill across several very large and productive farms. That agricultural landscape helped shape the course of the battle. Stacks of recently harvested wheat offered feeble shelter to men of both sides. Farm . . . — — Map (db m120551) HM
"It was a most mad enterprise, but it was ordered...It was the hottest musketry fire I was ever in. Our regiment melted under it. And we fell back sullenly-we were too exhausted and too proud to run!" Elliott Grabill, 5th United States . . . — — Map (db m32934) HM
Federal artillery enjoyed outstanding fields of fire at Malvern Hill. But the terrain here in front of the West House had wrinkles and hollows that could offer protection to attackers. Union General Darius N. Couch of the Fourth Corps, commanding on . . . — — Map (db m49257) HM
From October 1864 to April 1865 the First Connecticut Heavy Artillery was stationed here. The air shimmered with the chance of a direct hit. Almost daily, Fort Brady engaged in artillery duels with Confederate ironclads and Richmond’s outer defenses. — — Map (db m15482) HM
English merchant James Crewes (1623-1677), emigrated to Virginia by 1655 and acquired a 541 acre plantation at Turkey Island. As a planter, burgess from Henrico County and militia officer, Crewes disagreed with the governor's policies related to . . . — — Map (db m137715) HM
John Rolfe emigrated from England to Virginia in 1610 and settled in what was to become Henrico County. In 1612 he imported tobacco seeds from Trinidad and cultivated a new strain of mild tobacco. He shipped part of his harvest to England in 1614, . . . — — Map (db m25010) HM
General John B. Magruder sent wave after wave of Confederate infantry against the tempting target of Union artillery. In 1862, many of those attackers had to negotiate a largely treeless landscape filled with small ridges and ravines that bisected . . . — — Map (db m84914) HM
Before you stood the Union rearguard, on Malvern Hill. Here, McClellan's line atop the plateau was only 875 yards wide. Confederate batteries were to soften the position prior to the infantry assault, but the Federal artillery proved superior. As . . . — — Map (db m29394) HM
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Visiting Richmond National Battlefield Park
The concentration of Civil War resources found in the Richmond area is unparalleled. The National Park Service manages 13 sites, giving visitors an opportunity to examine the . . . — — Map (db m46911) HM
Nearby stood the Malvern Hill manor house built for Thomas Cocke in the 17th century. The Marquis de Lafayette camped here in July-August 1781, and elements of the Virginia militia encamped nearby during the War of 1812. During the Civil War, 1 July . . . — — Map (db m9603) HM
Malvern Hill, estate of the prominent Cocke family, featured a brick house built ca. 1720 on the site of an earlier frame dwelling. The Marquis de Lafayette camped on the property in the summer of 1781, during the Revolutionary War, as did Virginia . . . — — Map (db m175931) HM
This one-and-a-half mile trail reveals one of the best preserved battlefields in the nation. More than a dozen signs describe the landscape, the progress of the battle, and its various landmarks. Parking lots at the crest of Malvern Hill and at the . . . — — Map (db m46910) HM
The residence of the Methodist minister, situated near this spot, was a landmark of the Battle of Malvern Hill and was directly in the line of advance of D.H. Hill's division southward against the Federal positions around the Crew house. July 1, . . . — — Map (db m14225) HM
Bacon was born in 1647 in Suffolk, England, and was educated at Cambridge University. He came to Virginia in 1673 and settled near here on the north bank of the James River at Curles Neck. In 1676 Bacon led a force of citizen-soldiers against . . . — — Map (db m9242) HM
This railroad bed carried coal from the Deep Run and Springfield Coal Pits, two miles to the northeast of here, during the nineteenth century. The line ran south for about six miles to the now abandoned Kanawha Canal on the James River. From there, . . . — — Map (db m29574) HM
General Robert E. Lee hoped that a crossfire of Confederate artillery directed against the crest of Malvern Hill might silence the powerful array of Union guns and clear the way for an infantry charge. Generals Longstreet and Jackson established . . . — — Map (db m29399) HM
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