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Historical Markers and War Memorials in James City County, Virginia
Williamsburg is the county seat for James City County
Adjacent to James City County, Virginia
Charles City County(76) ► Gloucester County(98) ► Isle of Wight County(73) ► King and Queen County(28) ► New Kent County(56) ► Newport News(277) ► Surry County(36) ► Williamsburg(107) ► York County(168) ►
Touch name on this list to highlight map location. Touch blue arrow, or on map, to go there.
Thousands of years ago, when the island was larger and drier, Jamestown was more suitable for permanent habitation. In fact, archaeologists have excavated hearths from the 2,000-year-old campsites. Nearby, they found pottery and evidence of stone . . . — — Map (db m89337) HM
The American Coaster Enthusiasts recognize Loch Ness Monster as an ACE Roller Coaster Landmark, a designation reserved for rides of historic significance. Acknowledged as the world's first continuous track interlocking loop roller coaster, the . . . — — Map (db m220463) HM
This exhibition traces the religious heritage of transported Africans and their descendants in Virginia and the development of an African American Baptist congregation in Williamsburg in the late eighteenth century. Drawn to the message of equality . . . — — Map (db m228996) HM
From the 1630s to the end of the 17th century, this area along Backstreete boasted some of the finest dwellings in Jamestown. Governors, councilmen, burgesses, and lawyers all made this neighborhood home. Richard Kemp, an ardent supporter of . . . — — Map (db m17357) HM
The great Indian massacre of March 22, 1622, during which a quarter of the population of Virginia was slain came nearest to Jamestown here in a community known as Archer's Hope. At the house of Ensign William Spence five persons were killed-- John . . . — — Map (db m31085) HM
At Jamestown began: the Expansion overseas of the English speaking peoples; the Commonwealth of Virginia; the United States of America; the British Commonwealth of Nations — — Map (db m17006) HM
A small group of Spanish Jesuits attempted a settlement in Virginia in September, 1570. They are said to have entered James river and landed along this creek and crossed the peninsula to establish a mission near York River. Six months later all were . . . — — Map (db m30732) HM
Christopher and Anne Ayscough opened a tavern here in 1768. They purchased the house with money left by Governor Faquier to Anne, his head cook “in recompence to her great fidelity and attention” in all his “illnesses.” — — Map (db m227971) HM
As Jamestown expanded beyond the fort, the Virginia Company sent William Claiborne to survey lots in New Towne. There Ralph Hamor patented an acre and a half lot in 1624. Hamor’s deed made it clear that at least three streets already existed – . . . — — Map (db m17115) HM
In 1676 the colony became embroiled in the popular uprising known as Bacon's Rebellion. Frontier settlers
whose homesteads were attacked by hostile Indians, asked Governor Berkeley's government for protection. Fearful and frustrated by the lack of . . . — — Map (db m99078) HM
Like this experimental frame structure before you, most buildings found at James Fort were of earthfast or post-in-ground construction. Main structural posts were seated directly in the ground without the use of footings. Once the building . . . — — Map (db m100109) HM
Hear the crack of flintlock muskets and smell the smoke from cannon fire! On this site, on July 6, 1781, 5,000 British troops under General Charles Cornwallis and Colonel Banastre Tarleton clashed with 900 American soldiers led by the Marquis de . . . — — Map (db m30651) HM
Nearby, late in the afternoon of 6 July 1781, Gen. Charles Cornwallis and cavalry commander Col. Banastre Tarleton with 5,000 British and Hessian troops clashed with 800 American troops commanded by Brig. Gen. “Mad” Anthony Wayne and the Marquis de . . . — — Map (db m194748) HM
In memory of the 6 Virginia & 22 Pennsylvania Line Patriots who died in The Battle of Green Spring on July 6, 1781 & are buried near here.
By their sacrifices they made possible the establishment of a free United States of America. — — Map (db m99079) WM
To the east of the road here, centering at Fort Magruder, was fought the Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, 1862. The Union General McClellan was pursuing General Johnston’s retiring army, the rearguard of which was commanded by General Longstreet. . . . — — Map (db m130379) HM
Carpenter and constable Richard Booker built this structure as a rental. He began renting out rooms in his “new” house at “one dollar per month” in March 1826. Altered in the 1950s, the house has not been restored. — — Map (db m228200) HM
The Rev. John Bracken, Rector of Bruton Parish for 45 years, purchased this rental property in 1787. Married to Sally Burrell of Carters Grove he held extensive real estate along Francis Street until his death in 1818. — — Map (db m227982) HM
This small house, with only 288 square feet of living space, has a brick chimney, glass windows, and stairs leading to an overhead loft. A house of this type would have been occupied by Anthony Brown, a farmer and former Lee slave freed in 1805. . . . — — Map (db m226543) HM
John Smith was born about 1580 the son of a yeoman farmer of modest means. As a young man he traveled throughout Europe and fought as a soldier in the Netherlands and in Hungary. There he was captured, taken to Turkey and sold into slavery in . . . — — Map (db m11367) HM
During the 17th century Carter's Grove was part of the Martin's Hundred Plantation. In the early 1720's, Robert "King" Carter purchased it and later named the tract Carter's Grove. Between 1730 and 1735 Carter Burwell, grandson of Robert "King" . . . — — Map (db m9503) HM
Catherine Orr Lived here from 1743 to 1788. After the 1764 death of her husband, blacksmith Hugh Orr, she took in William & Mary students as lodgers. She also educated several enslaved children at the Bray School. — — Map (db m227044) HM
Planter and businessman John Chiswell owned the property until his death in 1766. By the mid-1770s, cabinetmaker Benjamin Bucktrout lived and operated his furniture retail business here. — — Map (db m227977) HM
The Church on the Main, which lies ahead, was built of brick in about 1750, along the main road connecting Jamestown and Williamsburg. It replaced the fifth church at Jamestown and was used by James City Parish, the community in this vicinity. . . . — — Map (db m99084) HM
This 30 x60' brick church, marked by the remnants of a builder’s trench, was constructed in a simple rectangular plan with doors on the west and the south. Holes marking the location of scaffolding employed during construction flank the perimeter of . . . — — Map (db m99085) HM
This archaeological site consists of the remains of the church, the cemetery, and the surrounding fences. All that remains to indicate the location and size of the church below grade is a small remnant of the foundation builder's trench. The 30' x . . . — — Map (db m99086) HM
Less than one mile to the east is the site of the Church on the Main, a brick Anglican church built by the 1750s to serve James City Parish as replacement for the church on Jamestown Island, which had become difficult for communicants to reach. The . . . — — Map (db m194711) HM
The Jamestown Church had..."a tower and a bell"
—Francis Louis Michel, 1702
For centuries, the Church Tower ruin stood as the most iconic symbol of Jamestown's past. The structure survived despite fires, abandonment, occupation during . . . — — Map (db m240211) HM
This 18th-century farmhouse was moved here in 1947 from King & Queen County, Virginia. Originally called “Rosewood,” it is now named for its 20th owner, James Cogar, the first curator at Colonial Williamsburg. — — Map (db m227963) HM
On May 12, 1607 the colonists who were the next day to establish Jamestown, landed at the mouth of this creek. Captain Gabriel Archer, one of the councilors, liked the spot and would have settled here but was outvoted. For more than a century the . . . — — Map (db m30730) HM
The James River was a lifeline. Ships from England brought tools, seeds, cloth, food, more settlers – and hope. The colonists sent back timber, tobacco, pitch, potash, furs, iron ore – and stories. By 1650, wharves reached out to the . . . — — Map (db m17119) HM
In 1930, Congress established Colonial National Monument (designated Colonial National Historical Park in 1936) to preserve and interpret the beginning and end of the British colonial experience in North America. The park included Jamestown, the . . . — — Map (db m89336) HM
Early in the 17th century, colonists began settling beyond Jamestown Island. In 1619, for example, Reverend Richard Buck received a patent of land here at Neck of Land, between Mill and Powhatan creeks.
When Buck and his wife died, their . . . — — Map (db m31058) HM
After the Civil War, in the area that later became known as the Community of Grove, the Freedmen’s Bureau confiscated land for displaced newly freed slaves and free blacks. In 1867, the government restored the land to its previous owners. Some . . . — — Map (db m66911) HM
These earthworks were erected by Confederate troops in 1861 as part of the defense system to block Union penetration of the James River. — — Map (db m17052) HM
(front)
1861-1865
To the
Confederate Soldiers and
Sailors of Williamsburg
and James City County
(left)
Erected by the United Daughters
of the Confederacy and the
Citizens of Williamsburg and
James City . . . — — Map (db m185422) WM
Dozens of open ditches crisscrossed Jamestown. A ditch and its mound could mark a property boundary, line the edge of a road, or drain swampy soil. Ditches also served as handy trash dumps. Two major ditches, several feet wide and hundreds of feet . . . — — Map (db m17316) HM
Tailor Severinus Durfey operated a shop here in the 1770s. He made clothing and retailed a broad array of material, “West India and dry goods of most sorts.” — — Map (db m226930) HM
Archaeologists discovered a large domestic complex at Freedom Park that reveals important physical evidence about colonial Virginia's transformation. The site, which evolved between c.1680 and c.1745 shows how a society based upon African-American . . . — — Map (db m226483) HM
Jamestown's fort palisade walls were build using materials and techniques like those used originally. The reconstruction follows the footprint of the original 1607 post holes identified during excavations without impacting the archaeological . . . — — Map (db m240210) HM
This hospital is the oldest institution of its kind in America. Francis Fauquier was Governor in 1768. In November, 1769, the tenth year of the reign of George the Third an act was passed by the House of Burgesses confirming the establishment of . . . — — Map (db m66918) HM
Eastern State Hospital is the oldest psychiatric hospital in the United States. It was established on 12 Oct. 1773, when Virginia was still a British colony, with the mission of treating and discharging the curable mentally ill. In 1841, under the . . . — — Map (db m58354) HM
This labyrinth represents an opportunity for walking meditation that is one of the oldest contemplative and transformational tools known to mankind. For centuries, the labyrinth has been used to promote healing, connection, community and peace. . . . — — Map (db m239832) HM
The early English settlers came to Virginia looking for gold, silver, and precious gems, but never found them. Some of the artifacts they left behind, however, are highly valuable to the archaeologists who excavated Jamestown centuries later. . . . — — Map (db m17204) HM
The foundations of the multi-dwelling structure that stood here match the dimensions called for in legislation passed by the General Assembly in September 1662. This row rouse was standing by September 1668 when the justices of James City . . . — — Map (db m17320) HM
Milliner Elizabeth Carlos purchased this property in 1772 and ran a shop from her home. A 1777 account book notes that she sold a variety of goods, including gloves, hose, ribbons, thread, and textiles. — — Map (db m228231) HM
In 1777 Virginia Gazette printer William Hunter built this house at the back of the Gazette lot and deeded it to his mother, Elizabeth Reynolds. He also provided her a handsome annual income of £40. — — Map (db m227905) HM
Coach maker Elkanah Deane purchased the property in 1772. He advertised that he could build and repair all types of coaches and carriages, as well as "paint and gild them to the best manner”. — — Map (db m227058) HM
In the summer of 1781, thousands of troops crisscrossed the James City County countryside, foraging for food and strategically moving toward Yorktown. Although neither side knew the other’s strength, Lafayette saw an opportunity to attack. . . . — — Map (db m194749) HM
Jamestown had a large number of four-footed and feathered residents. A chronicler wrote of “two hundred … cattle, as many goats, infinite hogs in herds all over the woods.” The government required fences to keep the free-roaming . . . — — Map (db m17200) HM
The first documented Africans in English America arrived at Jamestown in August 1619. A Dutch man-of-war captured them from the Spanish, who had enslaved them, and sold them to the Virginia colonists. The “twenty and odd” Africans, some . . . — — Map (db m97319) HM
The first Germans to land in Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in Virginia, arrived aboard the vessel Mary and Margaret about 1 October 1608. These Germans were glassmakers and carpenters. In 1620, German mineral specialists . . . — — Map (db m194640) HM
"...the fort reduced to a five-square form..."
—John Smith 1608
In 1608, the triangular fort was expanded toward the east. Archaeologists believe this is what John Smith referred to when he records that the fort was "reduced . . . — — Map (db m240213) HM
Here are the remains of Fort Magruder, an earthen redoubt built in 1861 at the center of the Confederate defensive line. The “Williamsburg Line” stretched between the James and York rivers and consisted of fourteen forts, commonly called . . . — — Map (db m10371) HM
The remains of Jamestown now lie buried beneath the ground. Archeologists have unearthed some of the known town site, but the original foundations of structures would erode quickly if left exposed to wind, weather, and acid rain. The foundations . . . — — Map (db m17220) HM
William Ludwell Lee of Green Spring Farm died in 1803. A year earlier he had written his will and bequeathed freedom to his slaves. He specified that comfortable homes be built for them on "the Hotwaters," a subsidiary farm about four miles north . . . — — Map (db m226527) HM
Tobacco, sassafras – the Jamestown gardener was distracted by quick-money crops for export to Europe. Tobacco was even grown in the streets. In 1624 the General Assembly tried to aid the struggling silk and wine industries by ordering each . . . — — Map (db m17317) HM
After 1619 these 100 acres of land were set aside for the benefit of the Jamestown parish church and minister. Richard Buck was the first clergyman to have use of it. Later on Francis Bolton became minister at "James Citty" and he, too, had "leave . . . — — Map (db m31079) HM
John Harvey served as a member of a royal commission investigating conditions in Virginia in 1624. As a reward, he received land at the east end of New Towne. There he probably built a residence and a wharf. A temperamental sea captain, Harvey . . . — — Map (db m17215) HM
George Yeardley arrived in Jamestown in 1610, was appointed captain of the guard, and eventually lieutenant governor. Later knighted and appointed governor of Virginia in 1618, he issued the Great Charter in 1619, establishing the first . . . — — Map (db m17027) HM
Situated near Jamestown, Governor’s Land originally was a 3,000-acre tract encompassing open fields between the James River and Powhatan Creek. The Virginia Company of London set the parcel aside in 1618 to seat tenants who worked the land, giving . . . — — Map (db m2438) HM
In November 1618, The Virginia Company instructed Governor George Yeardley to set aside 3,000 acres of land “in the best and most convenient place of the territory of Jamestown” to be “the seat and land of the Governor of . . . — — Map (db m99077) HM
On this road, five miles south, is Green Spring, home of Governor Sir William Berkeley. Bacon the Rebel occupied it in 1676. Cornwallis, after moving from Williamsburg by this road on July 4, 1781, was attacked by Lafayette near Green Spring on July . . . — — Map (db m20810) HM
The 17th century road to Green Spring, home of Governor Sir William Berkeley, was the eastern part of the Great Road, the earliest-developed English thoroughfare in Virginia. The Great Road ran from Jamestown Island toward the falls of the James . . . — — Map (db m2441) HM
Dr. Peter Hay lived here until his death in 1766, leaving steep debt. To make ends meet, his widow, Grissell took in lodgers until the late 1770s. — — Map (db m227917) HM
Cabinetmaker Anthony Hay purchased this property in 1756. After buying the Raleigh Tavern in 1767, he rented the shop to Benjamin Bucktrout, who made and sold furniture, spinners, and coffins. — — Map (db m227909) HM
On May 4th, 1862 Union Division’s of Generals Hooker, Hancock, and “Baldy” Smith encountered units of the Southern Army east of Williamsburg. When the Confederate Army Commander General Joseph E. Johnston became aware of the engagement, . . . — — Map (db m15716) HM
Royal Governor William Berkeley, owner of nearby Green Spring Plantation, purchased the land here by 1652, then known as Hot Water. After Berkeley's death, the Hot Water tract passed to the Ludwell and Lee families. William Ludwell Lee inherited . . . — — Map (db m23614) HM
To the glory of God and in grateful memory of those early settlers, the founders of this Nation who died at Jamestown during the first perilous years of the colony. Their bodies lie along the ridge beyond this cross, in the earliest known burial . . . — — Map (db m11377) HM
All that was left of this home was the foundation of a fireplace and two rows of stains in the soil. The house was built on wood posts sunk directly into the ground. Changes in the color of the soil show where the holes were dug to sink the posts. . . . — — Map (db m17358) HM
In 1934, the National Park Service acquired 1,500 acres of Jamestown Island, including New Towne. Since then, the NPS has used different methods to tell visitors about the town. After archaeologists unearthed numerous structures with brick . . . — — Map (db m17211) HM
The raw materials for the smelting of iron were all found here: lime from oyster shells, bog ore from the swamp, charcoal from burned trees. A circular kiln, 10 feet across and lined with baked clay, sat over a pit with an air vent to the surface. . . . — — Map (db m17218) HM
By 1805, William Ludwell Lee's executor had begun constructing cabins for Lee's former slaves, who were allowed to live on "the Hotwaters" for ten years, rent-free. One type of house was made using long timber construction and a wooden chimney. . . . — — Map (db m226537) HM
Jackson the smith was at work in his shop . . . Minutes of the General Court, 1623 Protection was of the utmost importance in the early years of Virginia. Gunsmiths like Jamestown resident, assemblyman, and churchwarden John Jackson, were . . . — — Map (db m17212) HM
James City County. Area 164 Square Miles. One of the original shires formed in 1634, and named for Jamestown, the first settlement in Virginia, 1607. Williamsburg is in this county.
York County. Area 186 Square . . . — — Map (db m73950) HM
You are about to enter the site of 1607 James Fort, the heart of the first, permanent English settlement in North America. The sections of log walls stand above archaeological remains of the original palisades. The walls enclosed about one acre, in . . . — — Map (db m11470) HM
Indians knew this as the Powhatan River, the colonists renamed it in honor of their sovereign, James I. It is one of Virginia's longest and broadest rivers. Rising in the Appalachians it flows eastward, often soil laden, 340 miles to the Chesapeake . . . — — Map (db m31087) HM
This part of old “James Towne” has been owned and preserved since 1893 by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. Founded May 13, 1607, “James Towne” was the first permanent English settlement in . . . — — Map (db m10262) HM
Across the swamp lies Jamestown Island. Powhatan Creek below you, takes its name from the Indian Chief. To the right is Glasshouse Point, place of early glassmaking and later a part of the suburb of "James Cittie". — — Map (db m30733) HM
Nearby to the east is Jamestown, the original site of the first permanent English colony in North America. On 14 May 1607, a group of just over 100 men and boys recruited by the Virginia Company of London came ashore and estblished a settlement at . . . — — Map (db m2443) HM
The woodland and marsh beyond the water is Jamestown Island, a pear-shape area of some 1,500 acres, being about 2½ miles in length. It is separated from the mainland by Back Creek. In more recent times the wide mouth of this creek, which you . . . — — Map (db m31077) HM
The ancient road that linked Jamestown, the original colonial capital, with Middle Plantation (later Williamsburg) followed a meandering course. It departed from Jamestown Island and then turned northeast, crossing Powhatan and Mill Creeks. As it . . . — — Map (db m194909) HM
This plaque marks the rededication of Jamestown Settlement on the eve of the Jamestown Quadricentennial and upon the occasion of its 50th anniversary and completion of its comprehensive facilities master plan, executed between 1997 and 2007. . . . — — Map (db m98077) HM
East Side of Monument:
Virginia Company of London Chartered April 10, 1606 Founded Jamestown and sustained Virginia 1607 – 1624
North Side of Monument:
Jamestown The first permanent colony of the English people. The birthplace . . . — — Map (db m11467) HM
The First and Second Churches Captain John Smith reported that the first church services were held outdoors “under an awning (which was an old sail)” fastened to three or four trees. Shortly thereafter the colonists built the first . . . — — Map (db m17053) HM
John Smith Explores the Chesapeake
Captain John Smith explored the Chesapeake Bay in the early 1600s seeking precious metals and a passage to the Pacific. He traveled the James, Chickahominy, and York rivers in 1607, and . . . — — Map (db m238167) HM
Kingsmill Plantation, the home of Col. Lewis Burwell, was built in the mid-1730s and consisted of a mansion, outbuildings, garden, and 1,400 acres. The house burned in 1843. Only the office and the kitchen still stand; they are among the earliest . . . — — Map (db m165422) HM
Charles Lewis is believed to have owned this property from 1785 to 1806. Exterior portions of the lower chimney brickwork are believed to remain from the time of his occupancy. — — Map (db m228028) HM
As an artisan with marketable skills, Juba Lightfoot earned more money than some of his neighbors and was able to make his home more comfortable. His one-room house has refinements such as wooden floors, plastered walls, a brick chimney and an . . . — — Map (db m226550) HM
The Loch Ness Monster opened in Busch Gardens Williamsburg in 1978 as the World's tallest coaster, standing at a height of 130ft. With a layout as a twisting as the beast that lends it its name, the Loch Ness Monster features the world's first and . . . — — Map (db m220461) HM
This lot was owned by the Ludwell family from 1715 to 1839. The house on the site was described as a “tenement ,” or rental property in 1770. — — Map (db m227913) HM
Here is a redoubt in the line of Confederate defenses, built across the James-York Peninsula in 1861-62 by General John B. Magruder. — — Map (db m10540) HM
This plantation was allocated to the London-based Society of Martin's Hundred by 1618 and was later assigned 21,500 acres. It was initially settled in 1620 around Wolstenholme Town, its administrative center, located near the James River. . . . — — Map (db m9495) HM
The first Martin's Hundred Parish church was probably built at Wolstenholme Town, an early 17th-century settlement that was located a mile southeast of here. None of the structures excavated there have been identified as a church; it may have been . . . — — Map (db m9497) HM
Spinster Mary Stith resided here until her death in 1816. She left the house, the lot, and most of her estate to three former slaves in gratitude for their past services. — — Map (db m227047) HM
Evidence from wills, deeds, land plats, patents, and court cases helps to identify structures excavated by archaeologists. When historians digitalized two 17th-century land plats and superimposed them on a modern map of Jamestown, they matched a . . . — — Map (db m17310) HM
This area, like a peninsula and bounded on three sides by a marsh, is just across Back River from Jamestown Island. In 1625 there were a number of houses and 25 people living here. The settlement had close community ties to “James Citty” . . . — — Map (db m31073) HM
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
Never Forget Garden
This garden is a living tribute to all
Of America’s veterans and their
families. In silence and respect, this is
a place to remember why millions of . . . — — Map (db m226757) HM
The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company constructed the Norge Depot 600 feet north of here in 1907-1908. Several years earlier, Norwegian-born railway agent Carl M. Bergh had recruited Scandinavian immigrants who lived in the American Midwest to . . . — — Map (db m194686) HM