Following World War II, Tuskegee's black population began to grow, and many sought to register to vote. Perceiving a threat to their political power, white politicians tried to control the black vote through a variety of techniques. These actions . . . — — Map (db m139877) HM
Known as the Tea Room, this small lunchroom was built during the initial expansion phase of Moton Field in 1942 and 1943, when amenities such as offices and bathrooms not built into the original hangar were added. Here, personnel stationed at . . . — — Map (db m64362) HM
Try to imagine how Moton Field looked and sounded when the cadets trained here. Compare the scene today to the photograph below, taken from your vantage point around 1944. As the pace of training accelerated during the war, Moton Field became a very . . . — — Map (db m64366) HM
During World War II a guard house stood just outside the brick entrance gates to Moton Field. The framed structure closest to you is a representation of the guard house. The historic entrance gates are just beyond. How excited the young cadets must . . . — — Map (db m99927) HM
This building was completed in 1941 as a restroom, shower, and locker room for administrative and support personnel. It had facilities for both men and women. Both black and white may have used the building. If so, it almost certainly would have . . . — — Map (db m64361) HM
A fire at an airfield, with highly flammable materials everywhere, could be catastrophic. The Bath and Locker House fire shown here highlighted the need for a dependable water supply for firefighting. A pond met that need. It also helped control . . . — — Map (db m100251) HM
The Fire Protection Shed in front of you was used to store equipment such as hoses, fire extinguishers, and tools for fighting fires. Fire was always a danger at the airfield because of the flammable materials used in airplanes and the fuels . . . — — Map (db m64364) HM
The Cadet House and the Army Supply Building provided much-needed space when training operations expanded in 1942 and 1943. The Cadet House also held a cadet classroom and waiting room, a coat room, and the Flight Surgeon's Office. The Army Supply . . . — — Map (db m100252) HM
In Hangar No. 1 flying became real for the aviation cadet. The hangar housed the main activities of the airfield, including flight debriefings, flight record-keeping, aircraft maintenance, and military and civilian management. Several smaller . . . — — Map (db m64365) HM
During World War II primary training airplanes were built mostly of wood and fabric. Ground crews sealed and strengthened the fabric with several applications of a highly flammable, explosive acetate coating called "dope." This shed was used to . . . — — Map (db m100253) HM
This is the site of Hangar No. 2, completed in early 1944 in response to the tremendous increase in the number of cadets training at Moton Field. The building, nearly identical to Hangar No. 1, contained classrooms, a briefing room, a medical . . . — — Map (db m99931) HM
Moton Field was built by Tuskegee Institute, now Tuskegee University, in 1941 after the school contracted with the U.S. Army to provide primary flight training for the nation's first African American military pilots. By the end of World War II . . . — — Map (db m99940) HM
This ventilated shed provided safe and convenient storage for the large quantities and various grades of oil used at Moton Field for the maintenance of airplanes and service vehicles. It has been adapted to house the site's fire protection system. . . . — — Map (db m100254) HM
Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site commemorates the contributions of the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II—and to American society afterward. The site preserves Moton Field, where the airmen trained before going to war. Their courageous . . . — — Map (db m99938) HM
From Moton Fields Control Tower, controllers directed flight operations and signaled landing instructions to pilots through a system of flashing colored lights. Dispatchers called cadets for their flights. The tower overlooked the busy – . . . — — Map (db m64363) HM
Over 1,000 cadets learned to fly here at Moton Field, taking off and landing on an open, grassy field beyond the structures below. The field was used so intensely for primary flight training during World War II that the aircraft soon rutted the . . . — — Map (db m99941) HM
The first African American fighter pilots in the U.S. Army Air Corps were the public face of the Tuskegee Airmen. They made extraordinary contributions to the Allied victory in Europe during World War II. But their success was made possible by the . . . — — Map (db m99934) HM
Young African American men came to Tuskegee from all over the nation to train as military pilots. They began with primary flight training here at Tuskegee Institute's Moton Field. Tuskegee Institute also had a smaller field, Kennedy Field, where . . . — — Map (db m100255) HM
The tarmac between the two hangars was a busy part of Moton Field. Cadets arriving by bus were dropped off here and went to their duties in preparation for flight training. Others boarded the buses to return to the Tuskegee Institute campus. Fuel . . . — — Map (db m99681) HM
This building served as the garage for Moton Field's small fleet of support vehicles. It provided storage at night and "drive-through" vehicle maintenance by day. Rooms on the north side provided office space for maintenance staff and file storage . . . — — Map (db m100256) HM
Amelia Boynton Robinson (1911 2015) was a voting rights activist and civil rights icon. Born on August 18, 1911, in Savannah, Georgia, she received her bachelor's degree in home economics from Tuskegee University in 1927. In 1934, Mrs. Boynton . . . — — Map (db m139890) HM
We shall prosper . . . as we learn to dignify and glorify labor and put brains and skills into the common occupations of life. —Booker T. Washington
Tuskegee Institute's vocational training program began in this . . . — — Map (db m101934) HM
[Center]
He lifted the Veil of Ignorance
from his people and pointed
the way to progress through
education and industry
[Far left]
We shall prosper in proportion as we
learn to dignify and glorify labor . . . — — Map (db m100163) HM
. . . I should consider it a far-reaching calamity for us to lose Mr. Taylor at Tuskegee. —Booker T. Washington
Look at the buildings around the main quadrangle. Much of what you see is the work of Robert R. Taylor, . . . — — Map (db m101929) HM
On February 10, 1940 George Washington Carver signed the deed of gift establishing the Carver Foundation with a $33,000 contribution from his personal savings. According to Carver, the foundation was established "for the purpose of combining . . . — — Map (db m101912) HM
The primary idea in all of my work was to help the farmer and fill the poor man's empty dinner pail . . .
—George Washington Carver
George Washington Carver taught classes and developed new products from peanuts, . . . — — Map (db m101938) HM
Charles Goode Gomillion (1900-1995) was born on April 1, 1900, in Johnston, South Carolina. He joined the faculty at Tuskegee University in 1928, where he served as dean of students and chair of the social sciences department. He was president of . . . — — Map (db m140006) HM
The young women all seated first, and then the young men march in. But no conversation is allowed until . . . a simple grace is chanted by the
chorus of a thousand voices. —Booker T. Washington, The Working . . . — — Map (db m101926) HM
We also felt that we must not only teach the students how to prepare their food but how to serve and eat it properly. Booker T. Washington, The Story of My Life and Work
Hospitality continues to reign in this . . . — — Map (db m100274) HM
Let our societies spend less money in taking care of the sick, and much more money in promoting the health of the race . . . . Let us make health contagious in every community rather than disease. —Booker T. Washington, Address . . . — — Map (db m101940) HM
Side 1
Born in 1930 in Montgomery, Gray was among the foremost civil rights attorneys of the 20th century. Forced by segregation to leave Alabama to attend law school, he vowed to return and "destroy everything segregated I could find." . . . — — Map (db m101898) HM
Named for Frederick Douglass, famed runaway slave, abolitionist and statesman. Douglass came to Tuskegee in 1892 and delivered the 11th Annual Commencement address in which he "urged economy, thrift and common sense." Those words of Douglass . . . — — Map (db m101908) HM
A life that stood out as a gospel of self-forgetting service. He could have added fortune to fame but caring for neither he found happiness and honor in being helpful to the world.
The centre of his world was the South where he was born in . . . — — Map (db m100165) HM
I will be very glad to pay the bills for the library building . . .
and I am glad of this opportunity to show the interest I have
in your noble work. —Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie Hall is named for Andrew Carnegie, . . . — — Map (db m101923) HM
When school is in session, the broad expanse in front of you—the university's main quadrangle—buzzes with activity just as it did in the early 1900s, but life was much more regimented then. Students received demerits if they did not obey . . . — — Map (db m101920) HM
Built as a girls dormitory with funds donated by the widow of Collis P. Huntington, philanthropist, and president of the C & O (Chesapeake & Ohio) Railroad. Huntington Hall was designed by architect, Robert R. Taylor, the first African American . . . — — Map (db m101907) HM
Jessie Parkhurst Guzman (1898-1996) was born in Savannah, Georgia, educated at Howard University (BA, 1919) and Columbia University (MA, 1924), and worked at Tuskegee University for over forty years. During Guzman's time at Tuskegee University, she . . . — — Map (db m139885) HM
Julius Rosenwald (1862-1932) was a Jewish multimillionaire merchant and one of the founders (1906) of Sears, Roebuck, and Company, then the largest department store in the United States. Rosenwald was a member of the Tuskegee University Board of . . . — — Map (db m134671) HM
In this sculpture by Charles Keck, Booker T. Washington lifts the veil of ignorance from the face of a former slave. The open book, plow, and anvil symbolize Washington's guiding principles of opening the path to education through agriculture and . . . — — Map (db m99942) HM
. . . the school is not dependent upon the presence of any one individual. The whole
executive force . . . is so organized . . . that the machinery of the school goes on day by day like clockwork.
—Booker T. Washington, . . . — — Map (db m101922) HM
Porter Hall
1883
Porter Hall was the first building erected on the Tuskegee campus. The building housed administrative offices, library reading and recitation rooms, chapel, kitchen, dining room, living quarters and laundry. It . . . — — Map (db m101915) HM
At the time we occupied the place there were standing upon it a cabin, formerly used as the dining room, an old kitchen, a stable, and an old hen-house. Within a few weeks we had all of these structures in use.
—Booker T. . . . — — Map (db m101916) HM
This plaza is dedicated to the memory of the Tuskegee Airmen, including General Daniel "Chappie" James, whose training at Tuskegee University and the Tuskegee Army Air Field enabled them to prove for all time the competence and bravery of Black . . . — — Map (db m20076) HM
Thrasher Hall, renovated in 1983. Was built in 1893 by teachers and students using brick they made. Only the exterior walls remain from the original building. The bell above rang for class changes. It was located in the building's bell tower until . . . — — Map (db m101905) HM
More than 8,000 people, White and Colored, rich and poor, from the lowliest farm and the richest Fifth Avenue mansion crowded in and around the school chapel to pay homage [to Booker T. Washington].
Baltimore . . . — — Map (db m99943) HM
. . . I always make it a rule to read a chapter [in the Bible] or a portion of a chapter in the morning, before beginning the work of the day.
—Booker T. Washington, Up From Slavery
The chapel, designed by Paul . . . — — Map (db m100162) HM
The Tuskegee Civic Association, whose offices were located here, started out of The Mens Meeting of the 1920s and the Tuskegee Mens Club of the 1930s. On April 13, 1941, in order to increase its effectiveness and to embrace all segments of the . . . — — Map (db m139923) HM
This U.S. Air Force F-4C Phantom Jet Fighter was flown by General "Chappie" James, Tuskegee University graduate and first Black Four-Star General in the U.S. Armed Services, on his last combat mission--Operation Bold--over Southeast Asia. It flies . . . — — Map (db m101902) HM
I determined when quite a small child . . . I would in some way get enough education to enable me to read common books and newspapers.
—Booker T. Washington, Up From Slavery
Booker T. Washington changed the . . . — — Map (db m101932) HM
The Alabama red-bellied turtle was placed on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Endangered Species List in 1987 and is of the highest conservation concern.
Alabama red-bellied turtles live almost exclusively in the fresh and brackish water of the . . . — — Map (db m144914) HM
After the Civil War, the future of African-Americans in the United States Army was in doubt. In July 1866, Congress passed legislation establishing two cavalry and four infantry regiments to be made up of African-American soldiers. The mounted . . . — — Map (db m75092) HM WM
Throughout much of the twentieth century, Church Street was the heart of a vibrant black community, filled with movement, color, and sound. Those who lived, worked, or visited there described it as "an experience."
The area was a bustling . . . — — Map (db m154264) HM
Dallas (Optimist) Park
1928-1949
Built in 1928, Dallas Park served as the baseball field for the Dallas Mill teams coached by H.E. "Hub” Myhand, who came to Huntsville in 1927 as physical director for Dallas Manufacturing Co. Until the . . . — — Map (db m154279) HM
Opened in 1944, the Fifth Avenue School became the focal point for major educational change on September 9, 1963, when Sonnie Hereford IV became the first African-American student to integrate public schools in Alabama. Following a lengthy court . . . — — Map (db m55722) HM
Glenwood Cemetery replaced the original slave cemetery, known as "Georgia,” which had been established in 1818 and located north of the present Huntsville Hospital. Glenwood Cemetery was established in 1870 by the City of Huntsville following . . . — — Map (db m154245) HM
Ratified in 1920, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteed women the right to vote. To register to vote in Alabama citizens were required to meet a series of residency and property requirements, pass a literacy test, and pay a poll . . . — — Map (db m191678) HM
Oakwood College, which began as an industrial school, was founded by the Seventh-day Adventist Church in 1896 to educate African Americans in the South. The school was erected on 380 acres purchased during the previous year for $6,700. Additional . . . — — Map (db m34953) HM
Oakwood College, which began as an industrial school, was founded by the Seventh-day Adventist Church in 1896 to educate African Americans in the South. The school was erected on 380 acres purchased during the previous year for $6,700. Additional . . . — — Map (db m34955) HM
Legislature approved 9 December 1873 "a normal school for the education of colored teachers" in Huntsville. Ex-slave William Hooper Councill founder and first president. Classes began May 1875 with sixty-one pupils and two teachers; held in rented . . . — — Map (db m85546) HM
Side A
Dr. Joseph Echols Lowery was born in Huntsville on Oct 6, 1921, to Dora and Leroy Lowery. He grew up in Lakeside (Methodist) church. He began his education in Huntsville, spent his middle school years in Chicago, and returned to . . . — — Map (db m85550) HM
Organized 1820 by William Harris, a slave, who was minister more than 50 years. Original church, called Huntsville African Baptist, stood 4 blocks south in Old Georgia Graveyard. In 1870, this church and 3 others formed Indian Creek Primitive . . . — — Map (db m35960) HM
On September 3, 1818, the Huntsville City Commissioners purchased two acres of land from LeRoy Pope for a "burying ground" for slaves. This cemetery was located within the NE quarter of Section 1, Township 4, Range 1 West of the Base Meridian. It . . . — — Map (db m35214) HM
This cemetery site was used as a burial ground for slaves who lived on both the Peter Blow and Job Key plantations from 1811 to 1865. Dred Scott's first wife and their two children are believed to have been buried here. The cemetery continued to be . . . — — Map (db m31562) HM
St. John African Methodist Episcopal Church in Huntsville was organized by Dr. William Hooper Councill and others in 1885. Dr. Councill was an ordained elder in the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the founder and first president of Alabama . . . — — Map (db m234323) HM
The first integrated elementary education classes in the state of Alabama took place quietly and peacefully here September 3, 1963.
St. Joseph's Mission, church and school, was founded by the Society of the Divine Savior (Salvatorians) to serve . . . — — Map (db m154263) HM
The Jesup Agricultural Wagon was the first vehicle used in Tuskegee Institutes Movable School, an outreach effort of the Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University) aimed at bringing modern agricultural tools and methods to rural areas and people . . . — — Map (db m144944) HM
I am Private Darbin Abolt of the 7th US Infantry Regiment, part of which is commanded by Captain Zachary Taylor, our future president. I was already in the Army when we declared war on the British in June 1812. We were fed up with the British . . . — — Map (db m85617) WM
The first public school for African-Americans in the city of Huntsville was named for the founder of the Alabama A&M University. The site, selected by a committee headed by the Rev. W.E. Gaston, was donated by the Davis-Lowe family. Founded in 1867 . . . — — Map (db m36065) HM
Pension Row is representative of many small town African American neighborhoods. Once a thriving community with its own schools, churches, businesses, lodges, and recreation areas, it has been a part of Madison since Madison was incorporated in . . . — — Map (db m99420) HM
Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University
Legislature approved 9 December 1873 "a normal school for the education of colored teachers" in Huntsville. Ex-slave William Hooper Councill founder and first president. Classes began May 1875 . . . — — Map (db m39760) HM
In 1919, the first building was erected nearby with funds provided locally and supplemented with a Julius Rosenwald Foundation grant. Named for William H. Councill, Alabama A&M University founder, the three-room structure was built for black . . . — — Map (db m39761) HM
"...A tower of knowledge, of strength, of power ...Let us build..." Dr. William Hooper Councill served as President of Alabama A&M University and was the catalyst for its early development from its founding in 1875 until his death in 1909. . . . — — Map (db m39763) HM
The first public county high school for African-Americans in Madison County was located in the Toney community. The original Toney School was founded in 1896 in a log cabin on the Henderson (Tump) Crutcher place (-½ mile west of this site, at the . . . — — Map (db m201346) HM
This African American Cemetery was located on the plantation of William K. Paulling (est. 1836). Oral histories given by the surrounding African American community indicate that Paulling Place Cemetery has been in continuous use since the days of . . . — — Map (db m203661) HM
Situated on historic White Bluff
overlooking the Tombigbee River,
Bluff Hall was built in 1832 by
slaves of Allen Glover for his
daughter, Sarah Serena, and her
husband, Francis Strother Lyon.
Lawyer and planter, F. S. Lyon, served in both . . . — — Map (db m37997) HM
Built in 1840 for Augustus Foscue (1799-1861), a North Carolina native who owned more than 3,000 acres and 137 slaves in Marengo County by 1850. Daughter Mary Alice (1838-1899) married in 1855 to Dr. Bryan Watkins Whitfield (1828-1908), son of Gen. . . . — — Map (db m38180) HM
Interred in the north section of this cemetery were many slaves who had labored on Faunsdale Plantation since its founding in 1843. The earliest identified burial in the black section of the cemetery is that of Barbary (Harrison), a house servant on . . . — — Map (db m72965) HM
1844 - Dr. Thomas & Louisa Harrison gave acre of their Faunsdale Plantation for a log church designated Union Parish.
1852 - name changed to St. Michaels Parish.
1855 - slave artisans Peter Lee and Joe Glasgow built Gothic Revival-style . . . — — Map (db m72964) HM
Following the Civil War and emancipation, newly freed African Americans, who had worshiped in the Bethel Church in McKinley while enslaved, established their own Bethel Church in a wooden house at the rear of the current church site. In the . . . — — Map (db m72969) HM
The original building was located about three miles east of the present site near the village of Shiloh. It was used as a union church until it became a Baptist Church in 1842. A new building was erected at the present site and the first bodies were . . . — — Map (db m72970) HM
On December 23, 1784, the Spanish civil-military governor
of Mobile, Don Henri Grimarest, granted a 1,938-acre tract of
land to Dr. John Baptist Chastang for habitation and
cultivation. At that time Dr. Chastang was living at Fuerte San
Esteban . . . — — Map (db m149279) HM
The Grand Bay Elementary School for Colored was located on land adjacent to this building. Peter Alba donated the parcel on which the school was constructed in 1919. Soon thereafter, Black residents of Grand Bay and the Board of School . . . — — Map (db m189763) HM
Near here in circa 1860, Timothy Meaher unloaded approximately 110 smuggled Africans of Yoruba ethnicity from the schooner Clotilda, the last known documented slave ship to force enslaved people of African descent to the United States. He shared his . . . — — Map (db m161845) HM
Andrew N. Johnson, born 1865 in Marion, Alabama, graduated from Talladega College in 1886, and taught in rural Alabama. On this site in 1894, he established the Mobile Weekly Press, a voice for African-Americans, "A.N.", a powerful member of the . . . — — Map (db m111347) HM
Built in 1878 in the Italianate style. In 1852, Bettie Hunter was born a slave in Dallas County, Alabama and later moved to Mobile after the Civil War. She and her brother, Henry Hunter, had a profitable carriage business in downtown Mobile. She . . . — — Map (db m86389) HM
This congregation originated in 1842 with a group of slaves who worshipped in their masters' church, a Methodist congregation. They were required to move to a small house provided for them. Their perseverance and faith held them together through . . . — — Map (db m86573) HM
Opened in 1887 as Broad Street Academy, this was the site of Mobile's first public high school for African Americans. The building was razed in 1947, and a new elementary school was constructed and named in recognition of William Caldwell, the first . . . — — Map (db m111353) HM
Mrs. Pearl Johnson Madison was one of the early African-American women to own a funeral home in the state of Alabama in 1928. The funeral home and burial association served the African-American community when white mortuaries would not. Today, the . . . — — Map (db m111310) HM
C. First Johnson was an entrepreneur, pastor of St. Louis Street Baptist Church, and lecturer. Johnson ran for political office in the 1890's. He founded the Union Mutual Aid Association, Mobile's first black-owned insurance company. By 1911, his . . . — — Map (db m111317) HM
This two-story brick structure was built in 1869 with James H. Hutchisson as architect to house the first volunteer fire company in Mobile. The company was founded in 1819. As descendants of the French, Spanish and Africans, the Creoles formed their . . . — — Map (db m86402) HM
Patton began his hauling business with two mules and grew to become a prominent real estate entrepreneur and contractor, building many area roads and schools. Patton purchased this site in 1900. According to oral tradition, he commissioned architect . . . — — Map (db m111313) HM
Dr. Williams opened one of the early African-American drugstores- Live and Let Live on this site in 1901. Born on a sugar plantation in Louisiana, he graduated from Meharry Medical School in 1900 and was the second black physician to practice . . . — — Map (db m86393) HM
This was the residence of Dr. Franklin, who served the medical needs of Mobile for fifty-three years. He never turned an indigent patient away. Franklin was the only African-American to graduate from the University of Michigan in 1911. He opened his . . . — — Map (db m111350) HM
Dr. Harris, born April 6, 1868, in Montgomery, Alabama was one of the earliest black physicians to practice medicine in Mobile. He graduated in 1899 from Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee with dual degrees in dentistry and medicine. To . . . — — Map (db m86400) HM
On this site stood Emerson Institute, Mobile's first school for the formal education of African-Americans and one of the few 19th-century normal schools for African-Americans in Alabama. Founded 1865 by the Freedmen's Bureau, the school was run by . . . — — Map (db m111289) HM
John L. Finley Jr. opened Finley's Pharmacy #1 in 1950. John and his brother, James, established Finley's #2 in 1959, which was later sold to Benjamin F. Jackson, Sr.
James H. Finley, Sr. eventually opened six stores, launching the first black . . . — — Map (db m151219) HM
(front side)
Mobiles Hidden Figures initiative originated from the Mobile United Leadership Mobiles Class of 2017 inaugural Diversity and Inclusion team. The objective is to raise awareness of diverse community members . . . — — Map (db m117243) HM
A postal worker, a community leader, a state legislator, a journalist, and a civil rights activist, Mobile native John L. LeFlore spent 50 years working to peacefully transform the character of the city and create opportunities to enhance citizens' . . . — — Map (db m111413) HM
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