The colonists at Jamestown produced most of their own brick and tile locally at each building site. Bricks were used for houses, wells, and walkways; tiles for floors and roofs. Three kilns have been excavated at Jamestown, each producing bricks of . . . — — Map (db m17403) HM
Capital-Boise
Lewis and Clark blazed a trail through Idaho in 1805, followed by English and American fur traders. Thousands of pioneers followed the Oregon Trail through southeast Idaho in the 1830s and 1840s, although the first settlement was . . . — — Map (db m97656) HM
Capital-Springfield
The French established settlements at Cahokia in 1699 and at Kaskaskia in 1720, in what was then the province of Louisiana. After the French and Indian War, the region was ceded to the English. During the American Revolution, . . . — — Map (db m97970) HM
Capital-Indianapolis
In the early 18th century, French occupation of the area began with the construction of three forts between 1715 and 1733: Miami, Quiatenon, and Vincennes, the latter becoming a permanent settlement. In 1763 France ceded . . . — — Map (db m194679) HM
Capital-Des Moines
The area was a part of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. After the defeat of the Indian chief, Black Hawk in 1832, settlers flocked to the region. Dubuque was permanently founded in 1833. Iowa was included in the boundaries of . . . — — Map (db m97416) HM
For the first years at Jamestown, the English needed food from the natives in order to survive. The Powhatans for their part sought the colonists’ commercial goods: iron tools and pots, hatchets and knives, bells and glass beads. Exchanges could be . . . — — Map (db m17395) HM
The English settlers in Virginia soon built a fort in order to protect themselves from raids by the Spanish and local Indians. The fort re-created here was described by an English settler in 1610 as triangular in shape with walls of planks and . . . — — Map (db m40261) HM
Jamestown island formed many thousands of years ago from a series of shoals along the James River. When colonists arrived in 1607, an isthmus connected the island to the mainland, and a “paradise” of virgin hardwoods covered the land. . . . — — Map (db m17404) HM
Capital-Topeka
Claimed by France in 1682, the area was ceded to Spain in 1763, reverted back to France in 1800, and in 1803 became part of the Louisiana Purchase. In 1817 it became part of the unorganized Indian Territory. A battleground for . . . — — Map (db m194647) HM
Capital-Frankfort
Following possible visits to the area in the 17th century, particularly by Gabriel Arthur, actual exploration was not made until Thomas Walker went to the region in 1750. He was followed in 1751 by Christopher Gist. In 1767, . . . — — Map (db m97960) HM
On behalf of a grateful nation, President James Monroe invited the Marquis de Lafayette to visit the United States, his adopted country. Lafayette’s tour of all 24 states in 1824 and 1825 drew large crowds and sparked a renewal of patriotism. On 22 . . . — — Map (db m90955) HM
Capital-Baton Rouge
Following Cabeza de Vaca, this area was further explored by Hernando de Soto in 1541, and claimed for France in 1682 by La Salle, whose attempt at establishing a colony five years later ended in his death. In 1699 Pierre . . . — — Map (db m97965) HM
Capital-Augusta
John Cabot probably explored Maine for the English in 1498, and in 1607 a temporary English colony was established on the Kennebec River. In 1622 Sir Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason received a land grant in the area. After a . . . — — Map (db m194680) HM
One of the thirteen original colonies
Capital-Annapolis
In 1632, King Charles I of England granted land to George Calvert, Lord Baltimore. At Calvert’s death, his son succeeded to the title and organized a colonial expedition. Settlers . . . — — Map (db m97858) HM
One of the thirteen original colonies
Capital-Boston
A group of zealous Puritans known as the Separatists or “Pilgrims” left England and established a colony at Plymouth in New England in 1620. In 1626, a Puritan settlement was . . . — — Map (db m97856) HM
Capital-Lansing
Although settled by French missionaries and fur traders, the area came under British control after the French and Indian War. When the United States took charge after the American Revolution, Michigan became part of the Northwest . . . — — Map (db m194681) HM
Capital-St. Paul
Daniel Greysolon, Sieur Duluth, let an expedition to the area in 1679. French fur traders worked in the region until France ceded it to England after the French and Indian War in 1763. The eastern portion became part of the . . . — — Map (db m194660) HM
Capital-Jackson
The first permanent settlement in this area was established near present day Biloxi. After the French and Indian War, the territory was ceded by the French to the English, who in turn surrendered it to Spain following the American . . . — — Map (db m97967) HM
Capital-Jefferson City
Permanent settlement in the area was not established by France until the 1730s. In 1763 France ceded this region which was part of the Louisiana territory to Spain, who ceded it back in 1800. France sold the region to the . . . — — Map (db m98072) HM
Capital-Helena
Fur trappers worked in the region as early as the 1740s. Acquired as a portion of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, Lewis and Clark explored the area in 1805. The region offered American fur traders a profitable business and the . . . — — Map (db m97610) HM
Capital-Lincoln
After La Salle claimed much of the region in 1682, France controlled the territory for a time and then ceded it to Spain. The area was sold back to France and then to the United States in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase. . . . — — Map (db m194911) HM
Capital-Carson City
This area was claimed by Mexico in 1820. In 1825 Jedediah Smith entered the region and in 1845 John Fremont led an expedition there. This area was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican War and was originally . . . — — Map (db m194659) HM
One of the thirteen original colonies
Capital-Concord
While the French were the first to explore this area, it was John Smith’s explorations, maps, and reports of the region in 1614 which led to its eventual settlement. In 1622, John Mason . . . — — Map (db m194678) HM
One of the thirteen original colonies
Capital-Trenton
Dutch merchants established trade with the Lenape Indians and set up trading posts at present day Jersey City in 1618 and Fort Nassau in 1624. Swedish settlers came to the area in 1638. . . . — — Map (db m194655) HM
Capital-Santa Fe
The region was controlled by the Spanish and in 1609-10 Santa Fe was founded and became the colony’s capital. Mexico won its independence in 1821 and controlled the region after that. Most of New Mexico was acquired by the United . . . — — Map (db m97668) HM
One of the thirteen original colonies
Capital-Albany
Following the explorations of Verrazano in New York Bay, French explorer Samuel de Champlain and English explorer Henry Hudson (employed by the Dutch) investigated this area in 1609. By the . . . — — Map (db m97934) HM
One of the thirteen original colonies
Capital-Raleigh
Queen Elizabeth I of England granted Sir Walter Raleigh the right to establish a colony in 1584. Two settlements at Roanoke Island (1585, 1587) were unsuccessful, the second now known as . . . — — Map (db m97936) HM
Capital-Bismarck
This area was sold to the United States in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Lewis and Clark explored the region in 1804-5 and settlement attempts were made around 1812 by Scottish and Irish families. In 1818 the United . . . — — Map (db m194649) HM
Capital-Columbus
In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, French and English traders competed and clashed in the region. In 1763, at the end of the French and Indian War, the land was ceded to the English. The United States acquired the area . . . — — Map (db m97964) HM
Capital-Oklahoma City
Though claimed by Robert LaSalle for France in 1682, the region remained inhabited primarily by Indians. In 1803 the United States bought the area in the Louisiana Purchase. First set aside as a new homeland for displaced . . . — — Map (db m97666) HM
Within three days of reaching the New World, the first Jamestown colonists had assembled a small boat to go exploring in the roadless wilderness. Once settled, they gathered raw materials of boat building for export as well as for their own use: . . . — — Map (db m17396) HM
Capital-Salem
After England claimed the region, fur trading posts were established in the 1790s. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the region in 1805, and John Jacob Astor founded his fur trading post in 1811. The first American . . . — — Map (db m194648) HM
One of the thirteen original colonies
Capital-Harrisburg
Although Captain John Smith entered the Susquehanna River in 1608 and Henry Hudson entered Delaware Bay in 1609, the region was not explored extensively until Cornelius Hendricksen came . . . — — Map (db m97833) HM
At the time of the English arrival in Virginia, the tribes of the Powhatan chiefdom were living in communities of varying sizes. Larger towns contained the residences of chiefs as well as specialized structures such as storehouses and a temple. . . . — — Map (db m40257) HM
The Middle Passage
For more than 350 years, approximately 12 million Africans were transported across the Atlantic Ocean in the largest forced migration in history. Two million, unknown and forgotten, died during the voyage. Of the ten . . . — — Map (db m147817) HM
One of the original colonies
Capital-Providence
Roger Williams established the first settlement at Providence in 1636 with a group of followers from Massachusetts Bay Colony who sought freedom of worship. Portsmouth and Newport were founded . . . — — Map (db m97943) HM
“…announce the landing of three thousand French troops under the Marquis [de Saint-Simon] at Burrels Ferry.... They... will... proceed with flat bottom boats and the others where they will again land at James Island their troops this . . . — — Map (db m209690) HM
In December 1606, Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery left England with 105 colonists and supplies of food, tools, livestock, and military equipment to start a new colony in Virginia. The English investors who funded the colony . . . — — Map (db m40255) HM
England – and Jamestown – imported silk from the Mediterranean and the Orient. In 1619 the Colony Secretary bragged that the cow keeper and the collier’s wife had suits of “fresh flaming silk.” Spinning fibers from the . . . — — Map (db m17393) HM
One of the original colonies
Capital-Columbia
The Spanish attempted a settlement in 1526, but it was shortly abandoned. A group of French Huguenots established a colony on Parris Island in Port Royal Sound in 1562 which lasted about a year. . . . — — Map (db m97893) HM
Capital-Pierre
The Dakotas became a part of the United States as a result of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Fur traders moved into the area following the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804. The state was formed from the 1861 Dakota Territory, . . . — — Map (db m97583) HM
Capital-Nashville
King Charles II of England included this territory in the Carolina grants made in 1663 and 1665. Following French explorations, Englishmen James Needham and Gabriel Arthur explored the region in 1673 and visited Cherokee Indian . . . — — Map (db m97962) HM
Capital-Austin
Spain established several missions and controlled the region until 1821 when Mexico gained its independence. At that time, the United States reached agreement with Mexico allowing Americans to colonize the territory, and Stephen . . . — — Map (db m194912) HM
To the right, just beyond this narrow marsh, lay the 80-acre “Island House” tract which was “planted and seated” prior to 1619 by Richard Kingsmill, “ancient planter,” burgess, and man of property and affairs. His . . . — — Map (db m17363) HM
King James called smoking “a filthy novelty,” but tobacco proved the salvation of his
Virginia colony. Seeds from South America and the West Indies, grown in Virginia’s soil and climate, produced a pleasing leaf. From 1615 to 1619, . . . — — Map (db m17394) HM
The Greate Road, also called the Maine Cart Road and the Great Old Road, connected the isthmus of Jamestown with the mainland between the James and Back Rivers. Originally, it was a path established and used by Native Americans.
In May 1607, . . . — — Map (db m66898) HM
By the 1600s, hardwood lumber was scarce in England. Early exports of the colony were potash, used in the manufacture of glass, and soap ash, which yields liquid soap. The ashes of hardwood logs were mixed with water, strained, and heated to a . . . — — Map (db m17399) HM
This modern road crosses to Jamestown about on line with a natural isthmus which existed in Colonial times. The sandy strip that made Jamestown "a semi-island" was washed away in the 1700's. — — Map (db m305081) HM
Capital-Salt Lake City
Although the Spanish first explored the area, English and American fur traders soon entered the region. Mass migrations of Mormons driven from eastern states began in the 1840s. In 1848 the territory was ceded to the . . . — — Map (db m194651) HM
Capital-Montpelier
English colonists from nearby Massachusetts established the first permanent settlement in 1724. Following a dispute over the territory between New Hampshire and New York, King George III granted it to New York. New Hampshire . . . — — Map (db m97944) HM
The first permanent English settlement in North America and the first of the thirteen original colonies.
Capital-Richmond
A permanent settlement was established by England’s Virginia Company of London in 1607 under its original charter. In . . . — — Map (db m194654) HM
The plentiful grape vines in the New World raised hopes of a profitable wine making industry. Native and imported varieties produced a drinkable vintage, but the wine often spoiled during shipment to England. The venture failed. A local market did . . . — — Map (db m17402) HM
The ships traveled to Virginia using the favorable southerly route across the Atlantic Ocean, taking advantage of trade winds and stopping at numerous islands to resupply. Cramped, unsanitary conditions and unrelenting boredom created tension and . . . — — Map (db m40260) HM
Capital-Olympia
Washington was explored in the 18th century by Spanish, American and British travelers, specifically Captain George Vancouver in the 1790s. Lewis and Clark opened the area for American activity in their 1805 explorations. In 1818, . . . — — Map (db m97654) HM
This well was in use in the first quarter of the 17th century, dating to the early years of Jamestown. When no longer usable, wells were used as a place to put garbage. This added many unwanted item, mixing with the few items that had been . . . — — Map (db m45258) HM
Capital-Charleston
The region was a part of the original colony of Virginia, but was settled primarily by Scotch-Irish and German settlers. Conflicts arose between western Virginians and those in the east after the American Revolution, . . . — — Map (db m97456) HM
Capital-Madison
After France formally claimed the region, fur trading posts were established in the area. As a result of the French and Indian War, French supremacy in Wisconsin ended with the occupation of the region by the British in 1763. The . . . — — Map (db m97418) HM
Capital-Cheyenne
Wyoming was home to more than a dozen Indian tribes when the first American traders entered the area. The region was acquired in portions by the United States: the east in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the west in the Oregon . . . — — Map (db m97657) HM
...walking into the woods...we espied a pathway like an Irish pace (a pass through woods between bogs)...we traced along some foure miles...the ground all flowering over with faire flowers of sundry colours....
George Percy, . . . — — Map (db m306083) HM
Here on Glasshouse Point the Jamestown settlers, in 1608, built furnaces, made glass, and shipped a "trial" of it to England. This marked the beginning of our American glass manufacture, one of the nation's first "industrial" enterprises. The . . . — — Map (db m307526) HM
In 1931, Jesse Dimmick found a piece of slag near where you are standing and excavated three stone structures and glass fragments, evidence of the early glassmaking industry. The National Park Service conducted additional excavations in 1948. . . . — — Map (db m306073) HM
Glass was in demand in 17th-century England, and its manufacture required highly skilled craftsmen. In 1608, German glassmakers (referred to as Dutchmen by John Smith) arrived in the Second Supply and successfully completed a "tryle of glass" at . . . — — Map (db m306062) HM
The Glass Packaging Institute contributed to the erection of this replica of the Glasshouse. The first exhibit structure constructed by the Jamestown Glasshouse Foundation was destroyed by fire in October 1974 and has been replaced by this building . . . — — Map (db m306066) HM
The Church Tower restoration project was made possible by meaningful and nationwide donor support. Special thanks to major benefactors, including:
Jamestowne Society
Randolph D. Rouse Foundation
Robert G. Cabell III and Maude Morgan Cabell . . . — — Map (db m306086) HM
In Memory of the Colonial Governors and Presidents of the Council Officially Resident at Jamestown
1607-1698
Edward Maria Wingfield ·
John Ratcliffe ·
John Smith ·
John West ·
William Berkeley ·
Richard Remp ·
Thomas West, . . . — — Map (db m305178) HM
The 2019 restoration of Jamestown's Memorial Church was made possible thanks to the generosity of the following friends:
The General Society of Colonial Wars
James City County
The Jamestowne Society
The National Society of the Colonial . . . — — Map (db m305080) HM
The embankment and earth mounds before you are the remnants of a Confederate Civil War earthwork named Fort Pocahontas. One of five Civil War forts constructed on Jamestown Island, this shore battery of 18 guns was positioned to stop Federal . . . — — Map (db m306060) HM
(panel 1)
John Smith Explores the Chesapeake
Captain John Smith explored the Chesapeake Bay in the early 1600s seeking precious metals and a passage to Asia. He traveled the James, Chickahominy, and York rivers in 1607, and led two . . . — — Map (db m97301) HM
First called John Lewis's Ordinary and then Fox's, Burnt Ordinary received its name in Jan. 1780 when, according to the Virginia Gazette, Fox's Ordinary burned to the ground. Later, in Oct. 1781, when the French army's wagon train passed by, . . . — — Map (db m16846) HM
Two miles south is the site of the colonial Chickahominy Church, now destroyed. Lafayette's forces camped there, July 6-8, 1781. The church was used as a hospital after the battle of Green Spring, July 6, 1781. — — Map (db m302515) HM
The date stone resting below is from Toano High School that was located on this site. The stone was located in the center of the original building above the second floor windows. This school served all grades from 1908 until 1955 when county and . . . — — Map (db m304384) HM
Here, on the road from Williamsburg to New Kent, Stephen Forneau operated a popular tavern by 1715. Col. John Chiswell had acquired the property by 1755, and George Washington visited several times. On 3 May 1775, Patrick Henry and Hanover County . . . — — Map (db m184136) HM
Hickory Neck Church was built about 1740. Militia opposing the British camped here on April 21, 1781. A few miles north is the foundation of an ancient stone house, dating possibly from about 1650. — — Map (db m16848) HM
By the 1720s, several taverns stood on New Kent Road (also called the Old Stage Road) between Williamsburg and New Kent Court House. During two wars, the road served opposing armies as well as travelers. In June 1781, near the end of the Revolution, . . . — — Map (db m23596) HM
In 1774 a north transept was added to Hickory Neck Church, built in 1734. The church served as a hospital during the American Revolution. In 1825 the main body of the church was razed and the north transept, still used for worship services, was . . . — — Map (db m304380) HM
On this road five miles west was the State shipyard on Chickahominy River, burned by the British General Phillips on April 21-22, 1781. — — Map (db m16844) HM
"In the middest {of the fort} is a…pretty chapel.... It is in length threescore foot, in breadth twenty-four, and shall have a chancel in it of cedar."
—William Strachey, 1610
The human history of Jamestown Island begins much earlier than 1607. The first native inhabitants walked this site 10,000 years ago. At that time, the James River was nearly 100 feet lower, a fast moving stream at the bottom of a narrow ravine. Sea . . . — — Map (db m17269) HM
By 1624, William Peirce, a “beloved friend” of governor Francis Wyatt, built a house – “one of the fairest in Virginia” – on this lot. Peirce, captain of the governor’s guard and the colony’s cape merchant, also . . . — — Map (db m17356) HM
The earliest African-American national radio and television minister and advisor of three American presidents, the Elder Lightfoot Solomon Michaux purchased the lands around you in 1936. His dream was to establish a farm and a national memorial to . . . — — Map (db m31084) HM
That at last Christmas we had trading here ten ships from London, two from Bristoll, twelve Hollanders, and seven from New-England. A Perfect Description of Virginia, 1649 Jamestown’s waterfront property was prime real estate. Governor . . . — — Map (db m17203) HM
This small structure played a part in the industrial activity along the Pitch and Tar Swamp, but the exact use of its three furnaces is unknown. Chemical analysis of the soil ruled out high-temperature industry, such as a forge. Perhaps the best . . . — — Map (db m17217) HM
Who discarded refuse into this ditch and why may never be known. The ditch was full or artifacts dating to about 1670-1700, including 10 “HH” wine bottle seals, over 1,000 clay pipe pieces, three window leads dated 1669, and the largest . . . — — Map (db m17311) HM
Thousands of years ago, when the island was larger and drier, Jamestown was more suitable for permanent habitation. In fact, archaeologists have excavated hearths from the 2,000-year-old campsites. Nearby, they found pottery and evidence of stone . . . — — Map (db m89337) HM
Wheat was usually trodden out by horses or oxen and threshing machines were rare. By the mid-nineteenth century, progressive farmers eagerly embraced improvements as they came along. Many bought farm machinery and joined agricultural societies, . . . — — Map (db m295105) HM
A 1683 map reveals that the Governor's Land tract was then subdivided into numerous farms of various sizes. Many of those who leased acreage in the mainland actually resided in urban Jamestown. One was William Sherwood, an attorney who served in the . . . — — Map (db m295104) HM
From the 1630s to the end of the 17th century, this area along Backstreete boasted some of the finest dwellings in Jamestown. Governors, councilmen, burgesses, and lawyers all made this neighborhood home. Richard Kemp, an ardent supporter of . . . — — Map (db m17357) HM
What caused this maple tree to grow this way? During an ice storm around 1990, the weight of the ice caused it to lean over. Little by little, the original treetop rots away while new tops are sprouted. As you can see, one sprout (or sucker) is . . . — — Map (db m295126) HM
The great Indian massacre of March 22, 1622, during which a quarter of the population of Virginia was slain came nearest to Jamestown here in a community known as Archer's Hope. At the house of Ensign William Spence five persons were killed-- John . . . — — Map (db m31085) HM
At Jamestown began: the Expansion overseas of the English speaking peoples; the Commonwealth of Virginia; the United States of America; the British Commonwealth of Nations — — Map (db m17006) HM
A small group of Spanish Jesuits attempted a settlement in Virginia in September, 1570. They are said to have entered James river and landed along this creek and crossed the peninsula to establish a mission near York River. Six months later all were . . . — — Map (db m30732) HM
As Jamestown expanded beyond the fort, the Virginia Company sent William Claiborne to survey lots in New Towne. There Ralph Hamor patented an acre and a half lot in 1624. Hamor’s deed made it clear that at least three streets already existed – . . . — — Map (db m17115) HM
In 1676 the colony became embroiled in the popular uprising known as Bacon's Rebellion. Due to conflicts between the frontier settlers and American Indians, the settlers asked Governor Berkeley's government for protection. Fearful and frustrated . . . — — Map (db m295098) HM
In 1676 the colony became embroiled in the popular uprising known as Bacon's Rebellion. Frontier settlers whose homesteads were attacked by hostile Indians, asked Governor Berkeley's government for protection. Fearful and frustrated by the lack . . . — — Map (db m295099) HM
Like this experimental frame structure before you, most buildings found at James Fort were of earthfast or post-in-ground construction. Main structural posts were seated directly in the ground without the use of footings. Once the building . . . — — Map (db m100109) HM
Hear the crack of flintlock muskets and smell the smoke from cannon fire! On this site, on July 6, 1781, 5,000 British troops under General Charles Cornwallis and Colonel Banastre Tarleton clashed with 900 American soldiers led by the Marquis de . . . — — Map (db m30651) HM
"The General is happy in acknowledging the spirit of the detachment...he happened to be an eye-witness."
General Orders
Marquis de Lafayette
July 8, 1781
The Revolutionary War Battle of Green Spring took place in the open fields . . . — — Map (db m292741) HM
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