In 1769, Spanish Governor Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta made the San Joaquin del Nacimiento land grant to 35 pioneering families who had settled the headwaters of the Rio Puerco in 1766. The community was later abandoned owing to raids by frontier . . . — — Map (db m73665) HM
English:
The Sandia Mountains have been occupied by human beings for thousands of years. This area was settled by 1767, when Governor Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta made the land grant known as La Merced de San Antonio de las Huertas. The . . . — — Map (db m45460) HM
Among the many prehistoric and historic sites located nearby is a camp where Francisco Vasquez de Coronado’s troops may have spent the winter of 1540-41. Coronado also visited the ancient pueblo of Kuaua located to the north. Kuaua’s ruins are . . . — — Map (db m45439) HM
The Keresan people of Santo Domingo have occupied the area of the Rio Grande Valley since prehistoric times despite several floods that have forced relocation and reconstruction of the original pueblo. Strategically located along the roads that have . . . — — Map (db m45476) HM
The Mormon Battalion
Council Bluffs, July 16, 1846
Fort Leavenworth, Aug. 2, 1846
Santa Fe, Oct. 9, 1846
San Diego, Jan 29, 1847
Erected June 16, 1940
[ Map of Mormon Battalion Route ]
The Mormon Battalion, composed . . . — — Map (db m150860) HM
In 1583 Antonio de Espejo recorded this pueblo as one of five in the Province of Punamé. Following the sacking of Zia by Spanish troops in 1689, the pueblo was reestablished, but never attained its former size. The Zia ancient sun symbol is . . . — — Map (db m32858) HM
Caravans entering and leaving Santa Fe on the Camino Real wound their way through scattered agricultural settlements south of the capital. Although this section of the Santa Fe River Valley was initially utilized as pasture for livestock, in the . . . — — Map (db m40451) HM
Spanish explorers found several Tano-speaking pueblos in the Galisteo Basin in 1540. They were among the leaders of the Pueblo Revolt in 1680. 150 Tano families were eventually resettled in Galisteo Pueblo in 1706. Droughts, famine, Comanche raids, . . . — — Map (db m64819) HM
Cerrillos through the Years First the Indians, then the Spanish and Territorials who passed this way trod this land between Rio Galisteo and the Arroyo San Marcos. But in the end it was the railroad that made the town. It is hard to imagine . . . — — Map (db m181859) HM
Welcome to Madrid on the Turquoise Trail
The Town of Madrid was founded in 1869 In the 1800’s, when the Santa Fe Railroad arrived in the area, coal mining began on a large scale.
As many as 1,500 years ago, the first Native American . . . — — Map (db m181503) HM
Feliciana Tapia Viarrial helped establish today's
Pueblo of Pojoaque. Pojoaque, or Posuwageh, water
drinking place, is a Tewa village founded circa A.D.
900. By 1919, the Pojoaque homelands were severely
diminished. Most members left . . . — — Map (db m32835) HM
(side one)
Santa Cruz de la Cañada
In 1695, Governor Diego de Vargas founded his first town, Santa Cruz de la Cañada, designed to protect the Spanish frontier north of Santa Fe. The church, which still stands, was constructed in . . . — — Map (db m45673) HM
1540
The first major Spanish expedition to what is now the southwest United
States was conducted by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado from 1540 to
1542. Coronado organized and financed the expedition based upon the
travels of Alvar Nuñez . . . — — Map (db m182221) HM
In 1573 King Felipe II of Spain decreed an end to expeditions of conquest.
However, on April 19, 1583 he directed the Viceroy of New Spain to contract
with a responsible citizen to settle New Mexico at his own expense primarily to
see to the . . . — — Map (db m182257) HM
1598
Of New Mexico's first settlers in 1598, 560 Europeans have been identified (381 men, 112 women and 67 children) in addition to several friars and a number of Mexican Indians. The women who helped to pioneer El Camino Real and establish . . . — — Map (db m182275) HM
1598
By virtue of his royal contract, don Juan de Oñate became New Mexico's first
governor. Oñate and his group of colonists left Santa Bárbara, Chihuahua in January of
1598. They crossed the Rio Grande at the present location of El Paso, . . . — — Map (db m182277) HM
The viceroy of New Spain appointed Juan de Oñate as New Mexico’s first governor and directed him to settle the area along the upper Rio Grande. Accompanied by 200 settlers and over 7,000 head of livestock, Oñate arrived in New Mexico and established . . . — — Map (db m76183) HM
1598-1890
El Camino Real (The Royal Road) sustained New Mexico's settlers from the start.
Settlers traveled north to la tierra adentro (the interior land) and back to cities in
the south. El Camino Real was a viable commercial route for . . . — — Map (db m182314) HM
1607
As early as 1607, Juan Martínez de Montoya, one of Governor Juan de Oñate's
captains founded the village of Santa Fe, writing that he had populated the site
and established a plaza. The new town was located on the Santa Fe River . . . — — Map (db m182315) HM
1620
The Barrio de Analco and San Miguel Church are both located on the south
side of the Santa Fe River. Analco, from the Nahuatl language of central
Mexico, means "on the other side of the water." Mexican indians who came
to New Mexico . . . — — Map (db m182318) HM
Under the direction of Don Diego de Vargas, the Spanish returned to recapture New Mexico after twelve years of exile in El Paso. In an attempt to encourage settlement of the land in the Rio Grande Valley, Don Diego de Vargas issued land grants for . . . — — Map (db m76222) HM
1712
On a stormy summer's evening in 1712, a group of citizens organized by
Juan Páez Hurtado gathered in Santa Fe to honor the memory of don Diego de Vargas. The result was a Fiesta Proclamation signed a few days later by Governor José . . . — — Map (db m182386) HM
In order to fulfill a promise that Don Diego de Vargas made, the government leaders of Santa Fe issued a proclamation calling for an annual fiesta to commemorate the peaceful reentry of the Spanish into Santa Fe in 1692. This annual celebration held . . . — — Map (db m76236) HM
1788
Juan Lucero, a militia officer, frontiersman and one of New Mexico's
soldados de cuero (leather clad soldiers) made 13 trips to the plains
between 1788 and 1819. He explored the Texas panhandle, the Arkansas
River valley and . . . — — Map (db m182409) HM
1827
In 1827 Antonio Armijo traveled northwest up the Rio Chama through
Colorado, Utah and Nevada before crossing the Mojave Desert into
southern California. En route he documented numerous spring-fed meadows
that would become the site of . . . — — Map (db m182394) HM
Santa Fe is the oldest capital city in the United States, a successful blend of three cultures and yet a modern city of over 50,000 residents.
The Commemorative Walkway Park, constructed in 1986, provides a historical walk through Santa Fe . . . — — Map (db m76131) HM
This neighborhood was first established in the early 1600s by Tlaxcalan Indian servants for whom the original San Miguel Chapel was built. Razed during the Pueblo revolt in 1680; resettled by families of Spanish soldiers after the De Vargas . . . — — Map (db m184948) HM
Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Luján Ponce de León, born 1643 in Madrid, Spain, served the crown as Governor of New Mexico from 1691–1697 and 1703–1704. Vargas was a devout Christian with a strong devotion to Nuestra Señora La Conquistadora, Our Lady of . . . — — Map (db m76234) HM
When you cross the bridge over the Santa Fe River, you join a trail with nearly 500 years of New Mexico history! This part of the Santa Fe River Greenway follows one of North America's most famous early roads - El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, the . . . — — Map (db m185084) HM
Fortress and Castle
built by order of the
Spanish crown 1610-1612
Seat of Government
under three flags–Spanish,
Mexican & American-
From 1610 to 1910 the
residence of over a hundred
Governors & Captains General
The . . . — — Map (db m45588) HM
Roadrunner Cowbelles dedicate this hitching post at the end of the trail to American cattlemen and their horses for their glorious role in winning the West. — — Map (db m72745) HM
Come and Get It!
The ingredients were meager and the menu was basic: biscuits, bacon, and coffee for travelers on the trail in the 19th century.
But with those simple ingredients, supplemented by fresh meat killed on the trail and . . . — — Map (db m185098) HM
This authentic 1780 Mexican colonial house once stood near the village of Paricutin, a mountainous region west of Lake Patzcuaro in the state of Michoacan. It was part of a complex of houses occupied by Tarascan Indians from the region. Constructed . . . — — Map (db m184604) HM
Santa Fe, the oldest capital city in the United States, was established in 1610 as the seat of the Spanish colonial government for the Province of New Mexico. The Palace of the Governors, used by the Spanish, Mexican, and Territorial governors, has . . . — — Map (db m45575) HM
Santa Fe Cathedral Park and Monument A gift to the citizenry of Santa Fe and the State of New Mexico commemorating the first European settlers of New Mexico - the Spanish colonists of 1598.
The year 1998 marked the 400th anniversary of the . . . — — Map (db m181926) HM
Santa Fe Plaza
has been designated a
National Historic
Landmark
The heart of Santa Fe since its founding by Spanish colonial Governor Don Pedro De Peralta in 1609-1610, this public space was a terminus of El Camino Real and the . . . — — Map (db m71579) HM
Ernest Thompson Seton (1860-1946), naturalist, artist, writer, authority on Indian lore, and first Chief Scout of the Boy Scouts of America, lived here during the last part of his life. The village includes his home, art collection, library, and . . . — — Map (db m55151) HM
(right tablet) On March 30, 1609, the Viceroy of New Spain appointed Don Pedro de Peralta Governor and Captain-General of New Mexico, instructing him to proceed to New Mexico with the greatest dispatch accompanied by twelve soldiers and . . . — — Map (db m76340) HM
The Spiegelbergs arrived in Santa Fe in 1846. A family of merchants and bankers, they quickly became political, cultural, and community leaders, establishing the city's first nonsectarian school, first large general merchandise store, and the Santa . . . — — Map (db m184943) HM
Hillsboro was founded in the 1870’s after gold and silver was discovered in the surrounding Black Range. The town developed into an important mining and ranching center, and served as the Sierra County seat from 1884 to 1939. It was the site of . . . — — Map (db m38207) HM
In 1581, Capitán Francisco Sánchez Chamuscado took possession of this region for the King of Spain, naming it the Province of San Felipe. Significant European settlement of the area, however, did not occur until the mid-1800s. Once called Hot . . . — — Map (db m45108) HM
In 1581, Capitan Franciso Sanchez Chamuscado took possession of this region for the King of Spain naming it Ojo de Zoquete (mud spring) in the province of San Felipe. Native Americans first used these springs for healing; in early 20th century, . . . — — Map (db m242470) HM
Present-day La Joya is located near the site of an ancient Piro Indian Pueblo that the Spanish named Nueva Sevilla, or Sevilleta. During the eighteenth century, this was the southernmost settlement along the Camino Real before the travelers ended . . . — — Map (db m67105) HM
The Camino Real passed near here below the bluffs on the east bank of the Rio Grande. Apache raids prevented permanent Spanish settlement of this area until the early 1800s, when the village of Sabino was established on the east bank of the river . . . — — Map (db m45178) HM
Silver was discovered in Kelly around 1866 and the town site was laid out in circa 1879. Kelly boomed with silver mining and eventually zinc mining, becoming one of central New Mexico's most prosperous mining towns. At one time it boasted a . . . — — Map (db m38862) HM
Kelly prospered in the 1880s after lead and silver discoveries around 1866. But it was the discarded zinc carbonate - vital in paint manufacturing - that made Kelly boom in the early 1900s. Stores, banks, saloons, schools, and churches lined its . . . — — Map (db m238361) HM
Magdalena is located in a mineral-rich area which became a center of silver mining in the 1860's. In 1885, a railroad was built to the smelter in Socorro, and Magdalena became an important railhead for cattle, sheep, and ore. — — Map (db m38860) HM
Named for Magdalena Peak, Magdalena is located in a mineral-rich area which became a center for silver and zinc mining in the 1860's. In 1884, a railroad spur was built from the smelter in Socorro, and Magdalena became an important railhead for . . . — — Map (db m238359) HM
Twenty miles north of Magdalena, Riley was a small agricultural village originally named Santa Rita by its Hispanic founders in the mid-nineteenth century. By the late 1880's mining drove the town's economy and in 1890 it was granted a post office . . . — — Map (db m124672) HM
Traveling with the colonizing expedition of Juan de Oñate, Doña Eufemia rallied Spanish soldiers to persevere when morale broke down during their long journey on the Camino Real. Settling in present-day New Mexico, she rallied 22 women to defend the . . . — — Map (db m100056) HM
In the 1860s, a coal field east of San Antonio was occasionally mined by soldiers for heating fuel and to fire their blacksmith ovens. In 1883, the Santa Fe railroad built a bridge across the Rio Grande at San Antonio and laid track to the new coal . . . — — Map (db m45175) HM
Established in the mid 1600s, the mission of San Antonio de Senecú was the last outpost on the Camino Real before the Mesilla Valley to the south. Around 1820 Hispano settlers from the north re-occupied the area after the Pueblo Revolt. Conrad . . . — — Map (db m45172) HM
Established in the 1840s on the east bank of the Rio Grande, San Pedro became an important trading center along the Camino Real. The sister village of San Antonio, it was once known for its extensive vineyards and other agricultural produce. The . . . — — Map (db m45174) HM
The mountain range seen along the east bank of the Rio Grande is named after Father Cristobal de Salazar of the 1598 Juan de Oñate expedition. The northern edge of the twenty-one mile range is said to resemble the profile of the good friar. This . . . — — Map (db m45132) HM
The Piro Indian pueblo Teypana was visited by Juan de Oñate in 1598. The people of the village reportedly supplied corn to Oñate who bestowed the name Socorro ("aid" in Spanish) on the pueblo. In 1626, the mission of Nuestra Señora de Socorro was . . . — — Map (db m38462) HM
In 1598, Juan de Oñate's Spanish colonization expedition arrived here at the Piro Indian Pueblo of Pilabo, They renamed it Socorro owning to the food and shelter provided by Pilabo's inhabitants. The pueblo and its Spanish mission were destroyed . . . — — Map (db m45177) HM
Front of Marker
In 1598 the first Spanish settlers in New Mexico traveled up the Camino Real from north-central Mexico. Of the 560 people so far identified on that expedition, at least 20 percent were women. They came on foot, on wagons or . . . — — Map (db m45131) HM
The Chihuahua Trail passed by the large volcanic mesa on the east
bank of the Rio Grande, marking the northern end of the Jornada
del Muerto (Journey of the Dead Man). "Contadero" means "the
counting place," or a narrow place where people and . . . — — Map (db m240554) HM
During the late 17th century, this area had become well known to the Spanish. Called La Vega de Las Nutrias, or meadow of the beavers, it was a welcome paraje, or stopping place, for caravans on the Camino Real. Eighteenth century attempts at . . . — — Map (db m67080) HM
Restored by
US Army White Sands Missile Range
US Department of Energy
National Park Service
1984
In the front room of this humble ranch house the world's first nuclear device was assembled on 13 July 1945. The device was then taken to Trinity . . . — — Map (db m15072) HM
In 1795, twenty-five families were granted land along the Río Grande at Pilar, then known as Cieneguilla. The Battle of Cieneguilla was fought at Embudo Mountain near here in March 1854. A large force of Utes and Apaches inflicted heavy losses on . . . — — Map (db m69869) HM
(side one)
Captive Women and Children of Taos County
In August 1760, around sixty women and children were taken captive in a Comanche raid on Ranchos de Taos. That raid is an example of the danger of living on New Mexico's . . . — — Map (db m45719) HM
The Klauer family of Dubuque, Iowa, stewards of the Taba Valley Overlook since 1920, transferred ownership of this property to the U.S. Bureau of Land Management on March 31, 2001, with the help of the Trust for Public Land and the Taos Land Trust. . . . — — Map (db m64879) HM
A Registered Cultural Property Andrew Liebert Home #2 Built circa 1800s. A contributing structure to the Taos Downtown Historic District Site no. 860 State of New Mexico — — Map (db m236620) HM
A Registered Cultural Property Casa Espinoza Built late 1800s A contributing structure to the Taos Downtown Historic DistrictSite no. 860 State of New Mexico This property has been placed on the National Register . . . — — Map (db m236576) HM
The Town of Taos was originally established on May 1, 1796 when 63 families who had petitioned Governor Don Fernando Chacón were placed in possession of the Don Fernando de Taos land grant by the Alcalde of the Pueblo of Taos, Antonio José Ortíz. . . . — — Map (db m66698) HM
This peaceful and historic plaza, shaded by cottonwood trees in summer and blanketed by snow in winter has been the site of military action, fiestas, and fiery speeches.
Spanish colonists settled at scattered locations in this valley beginning . . . — — Map (db m66543) HM
Welcome visitors and Taosenos! You are invited to explore the diversity of this region through a self-guided tour. The two-hundred- year-old Taos Plaza, including the streets that radiate from it like spokes, forms the National Historic District . . . — — Map (db m66702) HM
Capitan Hernan Alvarado and his conquistadors from the famous Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Expedition arrived here on August 29, 1540. It is estimated that the Tiwa Indians settled in this valley around 1350 A.D. The name Taos is believed to be . . . — — Map (db m66697) HM
A Registered Cultural Property Kit Carson House Built in 1825 Purchased by Kit Carson in 1843 for his bride, Josefa Jaramillo of Taos. Carson was a famous mountain man, scout, army officer and Indian agent. Site no. 8 . . . — — Map (db m236618) HM
Kit Carson Road, originally
called El Camino de Cañon de
Taos or Taos Canyon Road, was
the home of Kit Carson. Through
its long history, this road has
been a street of residences,
businesses, artists' studios and
galleries. — — Map (db m236603) HM
Ledoux Street was named after the French trapper and guide Antonine Ledoux, who settled in the area around 1844. Earlier the street was named after Charles Beaubien and then later Smith H. Simpson. The area was developed in the fortress style with . . . — — Map (db m66865) HM
Born in Abiquiu, New Mexico, on January 17, 1793 to Don Severino Martínez and María del Carmen Santistevan (Martinez Hacienda), the life of the Presbyter Don Antonio José Martínez extended through the Spanish (1793-1820), Mexican (1821-1846), and . . . — — Map (db m66666) HM
The Spanish community of Taos developed two miles southwest of Taos Pueblo. It later served as a supply base for the “Mountain Men,” and was the home of Kit Carson who is buried here. Governor Charles Bent was killed here in the anti-U.S. . . . — — Map (db m66466) HM
Taos Plaza was established in 1796 as a part of the Don Fernando de Taos Land Grant. It served as a defensive fortress by day and as a refuge for livestock at night. During trade fairs, merchants displayed their wares within the walls. — — Map (db m236601) HM
Christopher "Kit" Carson was born on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1809, in Richmond, Kentucky. He left home at an early age and became an
adept trapper and scout using the knowledge he learned from the many Native American tribes he encountered in . . . — — Map (db m236616) HM
The village of Las Trampas was established in 1751 by 12 families from Santa Fe, led by Juan de Argüello, who received a land grant from Governor Tomás Vélez Cachupín. The church of San José de Gracia is one of the finest surviving . . . — — Map (db m32123) HM
[English] No one lived at Abó from the 1680s until 1815, when Spanish sheep ranchers resettled here. To protect themselves from hostiles, they built this plazuela – a fortified ranch – with barn and corrals completely enclosed by . . . — — Map (db m235445) HM
These mounds are all that is left of a pueblo that for 300 years was a center for commerce and ceramic production. Indigenous traders from the Great Plains and nearby pueblos came to Abó to barter for pottery, salt, corn, and piñon nuts. . . . — — Map (db m235447) HM
Edward Smith, William Taylor and Oliver P. DeWolfe of Cedarvale Kansas laid out this community in 1908. Hundreds of homesteaders arrived on immigrant trains. Most farmed pinto beans, shipping their crops to distant markets. In 1917 the community . . . — — Map (db m72667) HM
Incorporated in 1909 and county seat of Torrance County since 1905, Estancia is located in an enclosed valley or basin. It was ranching country until the early 20th century, when the coming of the railroad opened it to homesteaders and farmers. . . . — — Map (db m72666) HM
Incorporated in 1909 and county seat of Torrance County since 1905, Estancia is located in an enclosed valley or basin. It was ranching county until the early 20th century, when the coming of the railroad opened it up to homesteaders and farmers. . . . — — Map (db m73507) HM
Estancia, "resting place", has been on the map since 1776. Known for its spring fed pond, now its city park. It become the county seat in 1905 and was the scene of the last hanging in New Mexico in 1922. — — Map (db m73509) HM
Eighty-million acres of public land in the West went into private ownership by 1900 through the 1862 Homestead Act. New Mexico drew hundreds of settlers who built homes and farmed 160-acre allotments in pursuit of a better life. Mollie Klapp was . . . — — Map (db m103053) HM
Founded in 1902, Mountainair developed as a major center for pinto bean farming in the early 20th century until the drought of the 1940s. The region had been occupied earlier by Tompiro and eastern Tiwa pueblo Indians from prehistoric times through . . . — — Map (db m75511) HM
Founded in 1902, Mountainair developed as a major center for pinto bean farming in the early 20th century until the drought of the 1940s. The region had been occupied earlier by Tompiro and eastern Tiwa pueblo Indians from prehistoric times through . . . — — Map (db m75512) HM
Located 10 miles from the center of the state, this high desert town was established in 1902. Ancient cities, pinto beans and ranching make its history. The railroad, natural beauty, Salinas Pueblo cultures and a pioneering spirit are reflected in . . . — — Map (db m92608) HM
The pueblo-mission of San Miguel de Tajique was established in the 1620s. In the 1670s, famine, disease and Apache raids caused the abandonment of the Jurisdiccion de las Salinas (1598-1678) which included Tajique. Modern occupation of Tajique began . . . — — Map (db m75510) HM
Numerous salt ponds and lakes of which Laguna del Perro is the largest, occur in the lowest part of the Estancia basin, a closed depression between the Manzano Mountains to the west and the lower Pedernal hills to the east. The Basin was filled by a . . . — — Map (db m75513) HM
Trade caravans and homesteaders traveling the Cimarron Cutoff of the Santa Fe Trail passed near here. Clayton was founded in 1887 and named for the son of cattleman and ex-Senator Stephen W. Dorsey, one of its developers. It became a major livestock . . . — — Map (db m55209) HM
Trade caravans and homesteaders traveling the Cimarron Cutoff of the Santa Fe Trail passed near here. Clayton was founded in 1887 and named for the son of cattleman and ex-Senator Stephen W. Dorsey, one of its developers. It became a major livestock . . . — — Map (db m55218) HM
These two striking mounds were the first features to become visible to Santa Fe Trail traffic crossing into New Mexico from Oklahoma, and so became important landmarks for caravans.
From here, traffic on this major 19th century commercial route . . . — — Map (db m55217) HM
These two striking mounds were the first features to become visible to Santa Fe Trail traffic crossing into New Mexico from Oklahoma, and so became important landmarks for caravans.
From here, traffic on this major 19th century commercial route . . . — — Map (db m55219) HM
William Becknell, the first Santa Fe Trail trader, entered Santa Fe in 1821 after Mexico became independent from Spain and opened its frontier to foreign traders. The Mountain Branch over Raton Pass divided here. One fork turned to Cimarron, . . . — — Map (db m55235) HM
Santa Fe Trail Cimarron Cutoff
The Santa Fe Trail was the major trade route between New Mexico and Missouri from 1821 until arrival of the railroad in 1880. The Cimarron Cutoff, a major branch of the Trail, passed through this portion of . . . — — Map (db m55236) HM
Stretching 900 miles from Franklin, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail was one of the most important North American trade routes of the nineteenth century. Begun in 1821, it was in use for 60 years until the arrival of the . . . — — Map (db m88753) HM
For centuries, the prominent cerro, or steep hill, of Tomé was a significant landmark for travelers along the Camino Real. Settled as early as 1650, this area was abandoned following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 and remained uninhabited until the Tomé . . . — — Map (db m67077) HM
This community traces its beginnings to the hacienda established by Captain Francisco Valencia along this section of the Camino Real by the mid-17th century. Abandoned during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the area was resettled in 1740 by Christian . . . — — Map (db m67073) HM
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