A memorial plaque honoring
Bonds Conway
1763-1843
Commemorating the 226th anniversary of his birth in Virginia and his role in the development of historic Camden
Presented by the descendants of his daughter, Harriet Conway's . . . — — Map (db m252733) HM
This residence was built east of Camden on land granted to John Bradley. It was moved on a flatbed and restored. The construction and interior's large room with sleeping loft (not accessible) are typical of early log cabins in the area. Note the . . . — — Map (db m252853) HM
Lieutenant General Charles, Lord Cornwallis (1738 - 1805) Lord Cornwallis, a member of one of England’s most prominent noble families, began his military career in 1756. He distinguished himself during the Seven Years' War (1756 - 1763). At . . . — — Map (db m268854) HM
During the colonial period, especially on the frontier, the mining of clay and baking of bricks was almost always done adjacent to any building project that required a large quantity of bricks. The magazine location checks off two very important . . . — — Map (db m291952) HM
This area, first held by Wateree and Catawba Indians, was laid out as Fredericksburg Township in 1733. Here on the Catawba Path the trading town of Pine Tree Hill was settled. In 1769 courts were set up and town named Camden in honor of Lord Camden, . . . — — Map (db m27621) HM
This area, first held by Wateree and Catawba Indians, was laid out as Fredericksburg Township in 1733. Here on the Catawba Path the trading town of Pine Tree Hill was settled. In 1769 courts were set up and the town named Camden in honor of Lord . . . — — Map (db m27622) HM
At the start of the American Revolution, Camden was located here, just south of the present city. It was home to at least thirty families, a Presbyterian church, and a Quaker meetinghouse. With its court house, stores, artisans, and grist mills to . . . — — Map (db m49034) HM
At the start of the American Revolution, Robert Kirkwood served as a lieutenant in Hazlet’s Delaware Regiment and in 1777 was promoted to captain and company commander in the 1st Delaware Continental Regiment. In the Battle of Camden (Aug. 16, . . . — — Map (db m48688) HM
After ordering Webster to attack, Cornwallis commanded Lt. Col., Lord Rawdon to advance on his left. Through heavy fire, they drove back the 2nd Maryland Brigade until Gen. Baron De Kalb succeeded in halting the British charge and leading a . . . — — Map (db m48024) HM
In colonial America, all able-bodied men from teenagers to sixty-year-olds served in the militia, a local force that turned out for military service in times of emergency. Official training sessions, or musters, were held once or twice per year in . . . — — Map (db m23387) HM
The building of the very first canal, off Big Pine Tree Creek in 1752-1753, to divert water to the first inland mills in South Carolina exposed the fact that the land that Joseph Kershaw would buy in 1758, and today is owned by Historic Camden, . . . — — Map (db m291953) HM
"I fired without thinking except that I might prevent the man opposite from killing me… I confess I was amongst the first that fled."
-Private Garret Watts, North Carolina Militia
Both armies took up positions in the . . . — — Map (db m268861) HM
Joseph Kershaw (1727 - 1791) is buried in this family enclosure. He was a successful businessman, politician, district sheriff, and South Carolina Patriot militia colonel in the Revolutionary War. He helped mediate a peaceful settlement to the South . . . — — Map (db m268862) HM
The Conestoga wagon, built in Lancaster County, PA, is a heavy-duty covered wagon that was used extensively during the early 18th and 19th Centuries in the eastern U.S. and Canada. It was large enough to transport loads up to six tons and was . . . — — Map (db m291950) HM
This Monument is erected by the women of Kershaw County in memory of her brave sons who fell during the Confederate War defending the rights and honor of the South. — — Map (db m23445) HM
"I am sorry, sir, to see you, not sorry that you are vanquished, but sorry to see you so badly wounded."
-Lord Cornwallis confronting General Johann de Kalb
As the Patriot Line disintegrated near where you stand, the right . . . — — Map (db m268863) HM
In South Carolina, many of the early roads and trails went through marshy and muddy areas. To make it easier to travel, colonists built "corduroy" roads by placing logs perpendicular to the roadway. While rough and sometimes dangerous to both horses . . . — — Map (db m252841) HM
The Craven House belonged to John Craven, Joseph Kershaw's accountant. It is a fine example of early Camden architecture. Originally located on Mill Street, the colonial Georgian house or office, was moved here in 1970. The window frames, one closet . . . — — Map (db m252729) HM
The Cunningham House was moved in 1971 from the corner of Market and DeKalb Streets. Tradition says the two-room house was a wedding gift for Mrs. Joseph Cunningham. She never lived in it.
Known as the "wedding gift house," the beaded exterior . . . — — Map (db m268855) HM
Acrid smoke made it hard to breathe or see. The roar of gunfire and the death-cries of comrades made it hard to hear or think. The 1st Maryland Brigade and the NC militia battled the British 23rd and 33rd Regiments and light infantry in the center . . . — — Map (db m48019) HM
Donald Leroy Truesdell Aug. 26. 1906 Sept. 21, 1993 Medal of Honor Recipient Place/Citation: Costancia, Northern Nicaragua 1932Truesdell, serving in Nicaragua as second in command of a guardia national patrol, was sent out on mission with orders to . . . — — Map (db m62200) WM
Defeated along the entire front, the remaining American troops lost all military organization and fled in confusion. Some Continentals from the 1st Maryland Brigade retreated along the Great Wagon Road. Others, including survivors of the 2nd . . . — — Map (db m48031) HM
E.H. Dibble Store This store, constructed in 1891 on what was then the corner of 6th Avenue (now Broad Street) and DeKalb Street, was the second home of E.H.Dibble and Brothers Grocery, which sold "general merchandise" as well as "heavy and . . . — — Map (db m268864) HM
(right panel) This c1830 painting of early Camden is the work of Camden native Isaac Brownfield Alexander (1812-1884). The artist painted this work from a location in Historic Camden Foundation's present-day parking lot, just north of . . . — — Map (db m252855) HM
"He who has never seen the effect of a panic upon a multitude, can have but an imperfect idea of such a thing… The best disciplined troops have been enervated and made cowards by it… Like electricity, it operates instantaneously — like sympathy, . . . — — Map (db m253212) HM
With the British troops holding the summit of Hobkirk’s Hill and his own army in disorder, Greene decided to retreat. In the confusion of battle, some of the American soldiers managed to carry off the army’s artillery, preventing its capture by the . . . — — Map (db m70789) HM
Lord Rawdon had defeated the American army at Hobkirk’s Hill, but the British gained nothing from the victory. Two days earlier, on April 23, South Carolina partisans under Francis Marion and Henry Lee’s Continental legion had forced the surrender . . . — — Map (db m268866) HM
On this corner stood the gaol, built in 1771 and burned in 1812. During the Revolution the British imprisoned in it many American soldiers and civilians. Among them, after his capture near the Waxhaws, was the boy Andrew Jackson, later seventh . . . — — Map (db m27620) HM
When the militia fled before the initial British charge, Gates tried to rally them. However, the throng of panicked militiamen swept him up in their northward flight.
Far removed from the battlefield, Gates assumed that his army had been . . . — — Map (db m268867) HM
150 yards to the east is where Gen. Nathanael Greene had the headquarters of the American Army during the Battle of Hobkirk Hill April 25, 1781. — — Map (db m269224) HM
Seeing that the British line was much shorter than his own, Greene decided to counterattack. He ordered the 1st Maryland and 2nd Virginia regiments to make a frontal attack against the advancing British troops, while the 2nd Maryland regiment struck . . . — — Map (db m48733) HM
This five acre park is one of the original town squares laid out on the 1798 map of Camden. Prior to 1877, the park was unofficially known as the Grove or Pine Grove because of the large number of old pine trees.
In the 1800s, the park was a . . . — — Map (db m268869) HM
Historic Camden Revolutionary War Site is located at the original site of Camden, the oldest inland town in South Carolina. Established in 1733, colonial Camden emerged as the trade center of the backcountry by the 1760s. On June 1, 1780, Camden’s . . . — — Map (db m48897) HM
In honor and remembrance of the Heroes and Victims in the Fight Against Terrorism and to Celebrate the Enduring Spirit of All Americans Presented by Woodmen of the World — — Map (db m48264) HM
For thousands of years prior to the Europeans' arrival Indigenous People living east of the Mississippi River built their villages and towns along the migration routes of the Eastern Woodland Bison and started using the traces as trading routes. . . . — — Map (db m291954) HM
Side One
In memory of James Polk Dickinson, a native of Camden born January 21st 1816. And died at Mixchoac Mexico Sept 12th 1847 Fearless of danger and undaunted by opposition he was an early active and zealous champion in the Floridian and . . . — — Map (db m269004) HM
This farm was the boyhood home of John Carl West (b. 1922), governor of South Carolina 1971-75. West, a graduate of the Citadel and the University of S.C., served as an intelligence officer in World War II, as state senator 1955-66, and as . . . — — Map (db m27656) HM
Dr. John McCaa (1793-1859), a Camden native and prominent physician, used this building as his office. It was originally located near the Robert Mills Courthouse on Broad Street and is a transitional architectural style for Camden. Restored in . . . — — Map (db m252740) HM
A native of England, Joseph Kershaw came to South Carolina about 1755 and had moved to Camden (then called Pine Tree Hill) by 1758, where he established a store.
As a member of the colonial legislator, Kershaw promoted Camden's development and . . . — — Map (db m23382) HM
This Georgian Mansion overlooking Camden was originally built c.1775-1780 by Joseph Kershaw. A wealthy merchant and leading citizen, Kershaw modeled his residence after the William Washington house in Charleston. During the British occupation of . . . — — Map (db m268871) HM
King Haiglar is often called the patron saint of Camden. From about 1750 until his murder by hostile Indians in 1763, this noble Catawba chief was a valuable friend to the pioneers of Pine Tree Hill, as Camden was then known.
Some time . . . — — Map (db m23408) HM
From c1824 until 1904, a two story wooden residence known as Lafayette Hall stood on this site. Owned by Congressman John Carter, the home was new when the Marquis de Lafayette attended ceremonies here during his 1825 visit to Camden. To . . . — — Map (db m226128) HM
Johann de Kalb (1721 - 1780) had a distinguished career in the French army and later served as a spy for the French Court, touring the British American colonies in 1768. He returned to America with the Marquis de Lafayette in 1777 to assist the . . . — — Map (db m49354) HM
"Sacred to the memory of Baron de Kalb, Knight of the Royal Order of Military Merit, Brigadier of the Armies of France, and Major General in the service of the United States of America. …he gave a last and glorious proof of his attachment to the . . . — — Map (db m252952) HM WM
[Front]
Mather Academy was founded in 1887 by the New England Southern Conference of the Women's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Church. It succeeded a freedmen's school opened during Reconstruction by Sarah Babcock, who returned . . . — — Map (db m27657) HM
The Americans who fought the Revolutionary War reflected colonial society: an array of backgrounds, ages and skill. Professional soldiers mixed with non-military tradesmen, idealistic Europeans shared battlefields with illiterate farmers, Native . . . — — Map (db m47997) HM
(Front) In the 1798 city plan, this five-acre park was laid out as a public square. In 1900 the Seaboard Air Line Railway built a passenger depot next to it, on the SW corner of Chesnut & Gordon Sts. The city beautified the square to . . . — — Map (db m54659) HM
In 1883, the Ladies Memorial Association of Camden unveiled this monument dedicated to Kershaw County’s Confederate War dead. Confederate General John Doby Kennedy of Camden laid the cornerstone with a Masonic trowel once used by Revolutionary War . . . — — Map (db m109890) HM
Lt. Col. James Polk Dickinson (1816-1847) was born in Camden. He studied law and served in the State Legislature from 1842-1848. Contemporary accounts described him as “proud, high spirited, and restive under control.” He was also known . . . — — Map (db m109892) HM
The Catawba Indians befriended and traded with the first English colonists who settled in the interior of South Carolina. In 1763, after a devastating smallpox epidemic, tribal leaders ceded most of their land in exchange for a reservation along the . . . — — Map (db m23393) HM
This partially reconstructed redoubt was one of six small forts built by British forces during their occupation of Camden in 1780 - 1781. Manned by a detachment of infantry and supported by heavy artillery, these works served as the outer line of . . . — — Map (db m49107) HM
In 1780 - 81, the British built a series of small forts or redoubts to serve as an outer line of defense for their headquarters at Camden. They were well fortified with troops and artillery, making Camden relatively impenetrable to attack by the . . . — — Map (db m111224) HM
In 1780 - 81, the British built a series of small forts or redoubts to serve as an outer line of defense for their headquarters at Camden. They were well fortified with troops and artillery, making Camden relatively impenetrable to attacks by the . . . — — Map (db m269003) HM
On this site stood the original Camden District Courthouse and gaol (jail), built in response to increased lawlessness in the South Carolina backcountry. Construction was completed in 1771 and the first term of criminal court convened shortly . . . — — Map (db m49353) HM
This wall is a partial reconstruction of the wall erected by British forces during their occupation of Camden in 1780 - 81. The log wall completely surrounded the central portion of the town, which was located along both sides of Broad Street and . . . — — Map (db m49112) HM
When ordering his militia to attack, Gates envisioned them marching forward and leaving their initial position vacant.
He therefore instructed Gen. William Smallwood to advance his 1st Maryland Brigade to take their place. However, before . . . — — Map (db m48014) HM
Best known for wielding a six-foot broadsword, the 6-foot, six-inch, 260-pound, Peter Francisco was a member of the Virginia Continental Line. He gained mythic status at the Battle of Camden, South Carolina in August 1780, where during the collapse . . . — — Map (db m252966) HM
Pillory (L). Usually a punishment for less than a day. Often the offender's ears were nailed to the board and torn off. Crimes included arson, cheating, wife-beating, quarreling, forgery, and lying. Often the accused would be pelted with stones, . . . — — Map (db m252744) HM
This structure was built in 1777 under the direction of Joseph Kershaw for the state of South Carolina. A storage facility for ammunition, the magazine had a vaulted roof, 48 inch walls, and supporting butteresses and pillars. Although local . . . — — Map (db m23385) HM
Near this memorial stood the Presbyterian Meeting House, first place of worship in Camden after that of the Quakers. It was built about 1774 on land given by Col. Joseph Kershaw and confirmed in his Will dated 1778. The first building was destroyed . . . — — Map (db m49524) HM
Captured Americans were confined in Camden throughout the British occupation. When the American army approached the town in August 1780, British troops locked the town’s patriot leaders in the jail (located on the southeast corner of Broad and King . . . — — Map (db m49106) HM
After the battle, Cornwallis’s exhausted infantry held the field while Tarleton and his cavalry chased the Americans, capturing hundreds and killing untold others. Loyalists living north of Camden rounded up more patriot prisoners, turning them over . . . — — Map (db m48040) HM
Near here was the Meeting House built by the Quakers on four acres of land leased to them by Samuel Wyly on Sept. 6, 1759, for the term of 999 years at a yearly rental of one Pepper Corn, if lawfully demanded. This was their burial ground. The . . . — — Map (db m49685) HM
Early Quakers settled the site of Camden, first known as Pine Tree Hill, c. 1750. In 1759 one of the sect, Samuel Wyly, conveyed 4 acres of land for a house of worship and burial ground. Rent was "one pepper corn per year" for 999 years. The . . . — — Map (db m220448) HM
"I will not say that we have been betrayed; but if it had been the purpose of the general to sacrifice his army, what could he have done more effectually to have answered that purpose?"
Patriot Colonel Charles Armand on General Gates's . . . — — Map (db m253210) HM
Originally, Joseph Kershaw and his partners owned all of the land in this area. In keeping with Kershaw's efforts to draw people to Camden, he gave several lots to the community for public squares. This six acre park is one of those original town . . . — — Map (db m226143) HM
This memorial is dedicated to American Revolutionary War heroes who were patriots of the Old Camden District … Markers are for Patriots buried in graves known and unknown … Patriots in marked graves in Quaker Cemetery are: Surgeon Isaac Alexander, . . . — — Map (db m51707) WM
This marker commemorates the men and women who achieved American independence. These Patriots, believing in the noble cause of liberty, fought valiantly to found a new nation. 1775 - 1783. Presented in honor of the 250th anniversary of the United . . . — — Map (db m219832) HM WM
(West face):
To Richard Kirkland C. S. A. in commemoration of his heroism at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Christlike compassion moved him to leap over the stone wall, a mark for hostile guns, and carry water, again and again, to the . . . — — Map (db m48188) HM
(Front)
The Samuel Mathis House, known as “Aberdeen,” was built c. 1805 and is among the oldest extant houses in Camden. It was home to prominent Camden residents Samuel and Margaret Mathis. Samuel (1760-1823) was reportedly the . . . — — Map (db m159724) HM
Under a full moon in the dead of night, the advance guards of the two armies came upon each other on the Great Wagon Road. Britain’s Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton, marching from Camden with his dragoons, promptly charged the American cavalry of Col. . . . — — Map (db m48004) HM
This reconstructed small fort, guarding the southeastern approaches to Camden, was one of a ring of redoubts surrounding the fortified town. Typical of eighteenth century field fortifications, this redoubt used a combination of moat, earthen . . . — — Map (db m268874) HM
In 1780 - 81, the British built a series of small forts to serve as an outer line of defense for their headquarters at the Town of Camden. They were fortified with troops and artillery, making Camden relatively impenetrable to attack by the Colonial . . . — — Map (db m49357) HM
In 1780 - 81, the British built a series of small forts or redoubts to serve as an outer line of defense for their headquarters at Camden. They were well fortified with troops and artillery, making Camden relatively impenetrable to attack by the . . . — — Map (db m111225) HM
After Lord Rawdon reinforced his flanks, American and British soldiers exchanged musket volleys for several minutes. The battered British units on Rawdon’s left soon began to fall back.
Just as American victory seemed assured, a sharpshooter . . . — — Map (db m48734) HM
Late in the battle, Lt. Colonel Alexander McDonald ordered his 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 71st Regiment of Foot (Fraser's Highlanders) to reinforce the British front and to swiftly strike against and through the Maryland and Delaware . . . — — Map (db m252962) HM
At Hobkirk’s Hill the American army numbered between 1,200 and 1,500 men. Col. Otho Holland Williams’s brigade held the left of the line. It consisted of two Maryland Continental regiments commanded by Col. John Gunby and Lt. Col. Benjamin Ford, . . . — — Map (db m48268) HM
In late March 1781, Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene made one of the most important decisions of the Revolutionary War. Rather than pursue Lord Cornwallis’s British force toward Wilmington, North Carolina, Greene resolved to lead the American army back to . . . — — Map (db m48185) HM
"...a more compleat Defeat could not possible have taken place...in short, picture it as bad as you possible can and it will not be as bad as it really is."
-Letter from Brigadier General Edward Stevens, Commander, Virginia Militia, to . . . — — Map (db m220856) HM
The Battle of Hobkirk Hill
Revolutionary War April 25, 1781
Took Place on this ridge
The Continental Army was commanded by General Nathaniel Greene and The British by General Lord Rawdon — — Map (db m48266) HM
This Charleston Single House was built about 1817 by William Daniel (B. 1775 ~ D. 1828), a planter and owner of farm property at White Oak Creek about halfway between Camden and Liberty Hill. His vault type tomb is located there. In 1837 the house . . . — — Map (db m268875) HM
Lord Rawdon commanded less than 950 men at Hobkirk’s Hill. The majority were American Loyalists in the Volunteers of Ireland (140), the King’s American Regiment (160), New York Volunteers (160), the South Carolina Royalists (130), and Major John . . . — — Map (db m48271) HM
Rawdon’s advance companies, the light infantry and grenadiers of the Volunteers of Ireland, struck the pickets on Greene’s left. The musket fire alerted the Americans, who hurried to get into battle formation.
Meanwhile, Rawdon deployed the . . . — — Map (db m48735) HM
The American capture of Fort Watson on the Santee River on April 23, 1781, cut the supply line from Charleston to Camden. Lord Rawdon, commander of the British garrison, admitted that he was"completely dependent ... for subsistence, for military . . . — — Map (db m269223) HM
As a mere sapling, I witnessed the rebirth of Camden after the devastations of the American Revolution. The British had occupied our town as a supply post in June 1780. When they evacuated eleven months later, they left it “little more than a . . . — — Map (db m48739) HM
Erected to the memory of those who lost their lives in the Cleveland School Fire, on the night of May 17, 1923.
Grace Arrants, Age 7 yr. • Ima Arrants, Age 17 yr • Mrs. Floride Brown, Age 47 yr. • Lottie Brown, Age 9 yr. • Eugene A. Brown, . . . — — Map (db m48563) HM
The area between the Kershaw House and Camden was the scene of numerous military exercises throughout the years. Occupying British troops used the field as a parade ground, and in 1825, Revolutionary War hero the Marquis de Lafayette reviewed troops . . . — — Map (db m268877) HM
(Front Face):
To De Kalb
Here lie the remains of Baron De Kalb, German by birth, but in principle, citizen of the world.
(Left Face):
He was second in command in the battle fought near Camden, on the 16th August, 1780, . . . — — Map (db m47858) HM
(side 1)
The Ye Iswa (pronounced "yay ees-wahng" - "People of the River"), now known as the Catawba, inhabited the Piedmont area of North and South Carolina for at least six thousand years. They
lived in villages surrounded by a . . . — — Map (db m252910) HM
When Continental and British armies fought on this Revolutionary War battlefield in 1780, this forest looked quite different. This was a mature, virgin longleaf pine forest filled almost exclusively with longleaf pines as old as 400 years. Some . . . — — Map (db m253214) HM
The first fortifications at Camden were constructed in March and April, 1780, to protect the town's powder magazine from surprise attack by Loyalists. When British forces under Lord Cornwallis occupied the town on June 1, they strengthened the . . . — — Map (db m269006) HM
The Great Wagon Road was a corridor (not just one single road) built on a series of indigenous trails through the Great Appalachian Valley and played a key role in the settlement of the southern colonial frontier. the road was heavily traveled by . . . — — Map (db m291951) HM
"…the horse is our great safe guard…" N. Greene March 1781
Horses were used by militia, regular cavalry, artillery, and supply units. When the horses that pulled the artillery died during battle, the artillery itself might be lost. . . . — — Map (db m252926) HM
Jackson Square, currently bounded by Campbell, DeKalb, Gordon, and Lafayette Streets, is one of the four public squares designated in Joseph Kershaw's 1798 extended plan for Camden.
The public school system built the first school for African . . . — — Map (db m291957) HM
Many Americans opposed the Revolutionary movement, preferring to remain under British rule. These colonists called themselves "Loyalists". The Revolutionaries called them "Tories" or the "disaffected".
When fighting began, state officials . . . — — Map (db m23384) HM
The "Gaol" or Jail
The first jail in Camden was built by order of the South Carolina Commons House of Assembly in 1771. The wooden jail house stood on this location until being burned by the British as they evacuated Camden in 1781. Its . . . — — Map (db m220537) HM
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